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Names | |
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IUPAC name
Potassium iodate
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Other names
Iodic acid, potassium salt
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Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol)
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ChemSpider | |
DrugBank | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.028.938 |
EC Number |
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E number | E917 (glazing agents, ...) |
PubChem
CID
|
|
RTECS number |
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (
EPA)
|
|
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Properties | |
KIO3 | |
Molar mass | 214.001 g/mol |
Appearance | white crystalline powder |
Odor | odorless |
Density | 3.89 g/cm3 |
Melting point | 560 °C (1,040 °F; 833 K) (decomposes) |
4.74 g/100 mL (0 °C) 9.16 g/100 mL (25 °C) 32.3 g/100 mL (100 °C) | |
Solubility | soluble in
KI solution insoluble in alcohol, liquid ammonia, nitric acid |
−63.1·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Hazards | |
GHS labelling: | |
![]() ![]() ![]() | |
H272, H302, H318 | |
P210, P280, P301+P312+P330, P305+P351+P338+P310 | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | Non-flammable |
Related compounds | |
Other
anions
|
Potassium chlorate Potassium bromate |
Other
cations
|
Sodium iodate |
Related compounds
|
Potassium iodide Potassium periodate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Potassium iodate ( K I O3) is an ionic inorganic compound with the formula KIO3. It is a white salt that is soluble in water. [1]
It can be prepared by reacting a potassium-containing base such as potassium hydroxide with iodic acid, for example: [1]
It can also be prepared by adding iodine to a hot, concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide: [1]
Or by fusing potassium iodide with potassium chlorate, bromate or perchlorate, the melt is extracted with water and potassium iodate is isolated from the solution by crystallization: [2]
The analogous reaction with potassium hypochlorite is also possible: [3]
KI + 3KOCl → 3KCl + KIO3
Conditions/substances to avoid include: heat, shock, friction, [4] combustible materials, [1] reducing materials, aluminium, [4] organic compounds, [1] carbon, hydrogen peroxide and sulfides. [4]
Potassium iodate is sometimes used for iodination of table salt to prevent iodine deficiency. In the US, iodized salt contains antioxidants, because atmospheric oxygen can oxidize wet iodide to iodine; other countries simply use potassium iodate instead. [5] Salt mixed with ferrous fumarate and potassium iodate, "double fortified salt", are used to address both iron and iodine deficiencies. [6] Potassium iodate is also used to provide iodine in some baby formula. [7]
Like potassium bromate, potassium iodate is occasionally used as a maturing agent in baking. [8]
Potassium iodate may be used to protect against accumulation of radioactive iodine in the thyroid by saturating the body with a stable source of iodine prior to exposure. [9] Approved by the World Health Organization for radiation protection, potassium iodate (KIO3) is an alternative to potassium iodide (KI), which has poor shelf life in hot and humid climates. [10] The UK, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, and the U.S. states Idaho and Utah all maintain potassium iodate tablets towards this end.[ citation needed] Following the September 11 attacks, the government of Ireland issued potassium iodate tablets to all households for a similar purpose. [11]
Age | KI in mg | KIO3 in mg |
---|---|---|
Over 12 years old | 130 | 170 |
3 – 12 years old | 65 | 85 |
1 – 36 months old | 32 | 42 |
< 1 month old | 16 | 21 |
Potassium iodate is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a thyroid blocker, and the FDA has taken action against US websites that promote this use. [13] [14]
Potassium iodate is an oxidizing agent and as such it can form explosive mixtures when combined with organic compounds. [1]
![]() | |
| |
Names | |
---|---|
IUPAC name
Potassium iodate
| |
Other names
Iodic acid, potassium salt
| |
Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol)
|
|
ChemSpider | |
DrugBank | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.028.938 |
EC Number |
|
E number | E917 (glazing agents, ...) |
PubChem
CID
|
|
RTECS number |
|
UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (
EPA)
|
|
| |
| |
Properties | |
KIO3 | |
Molar mass | 214.001 g/mol |
Appearance | white crystalline powder |
Odor | odorless |
Density | 3.89 g/cm3 |
Melting point | 560 °C (1,040 °F; 833 K) (decomposes) |
4.74 g/100 mL (0 °C) 9.16 g/100 mL (25 °C) 32.3 g/100 mL (100 °C) | |
Solubility | soluble in
KI solution insoluble in alcohol, liquid ammonia, nitric acid |
−63.1·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Hazards | |
GHS labelling: | |
![]() ![]() ![]() | |
H272, H302, H318 | |
P210, P280, P301+P312+P330, P305+P351+P338+P310 | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | Non-flammable |
Related compounds | |
Other
anions
|
Potassium chlorate Potassium bromate |
Other
cations
|
Sodium iodate |
Related compounds
|
Potassium iodide Potassium periodate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Potassium iodate ( K I O3) is an ionic inorganic compound with the formula KIO3. It is a white salt that is soluble in water. [1]
It can be prepared by reacting a potassium-containing base such as potassium hydroxide with iodic acid, for example: [1]
It can also be prepared by adding iodine to a hot, concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide: [1]
Or by fusing potassium iodide with potassium chlorate, bromate or perchlorate, the melt is extracted with water and potassium iodate is isolated from the solution by crystallization: [2]
The analogous reaction with potassium hypochlorite is also possible: [3]
KI + 3KOCl → 3KCl + KIO3
Conditions/substances to avoid include: heat, shock, friction, [4] combustible materials, [1] reducing materials, aluminium, [4] organic compounds, [1] carbon, hydrogen peroxide and sulfides. [4]
Potassium iodate is sometimes used for iodination of table salt to prevent iodine deficiency. In the US, iodized salt contains antioxidants, because atmospheric oxygen can oxidize wet iodide to iodine; other countries simply use potassium iodate instead. [5] Salt mixed with ferrous fumarate and potassium iodate, "double fortified salt", are used to address both iron and iodine deficiencies. [6] Potassium iodate is also used to provide iodine in some baby formula. [7]
Like potassium bromate, potassium iodate is occasionally used as a maturing agent in baking. [8]
Potassium iodate may be used to protect against accumulation of radioactive iodine in the thyroid by saturating the body with a stable source of iodine prior to exposure. [9] Approved by the World Health Organization for radiation protection, potassium iodate (KIO3) is an alternative to potassium iodide (KI), which has poor shelf life in hot and humid climates. [10] The UK, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, and the U.S. states Idaho and Utah all maintain potassium iodate tablets towards this end.[ citation needed] Following the September 11 attacks, the government of Ireland issued potassium iodate tablets to all households for a similar purpose. [11]
Age | KI in mg | KIO3 in mg |
---|---|---|
Over 12 years old | 130 | 170 |
3 – 12 years old | 65 | 85 |
1 – 36 months old | 32 | 42 |
< 1 month old | 16 | 21 |
Potassium iodate is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a thyroid blocker, and the FDA has taken action against US websites that promote this use. [13] [14]
Potassium iodate is an oxidizing agent and as such it can form explosive mixtures when combined with organic compounds. [1]