 | |
 Mexico |
 Turkey |
|---|---|
The nations of Mexico and Turkey established diplomatic relations in 1928. [1] Both nations are members of the G20, OECD and the United Nations.
History
The first official contact between Mexico and the Ottoman Empire (present day Turkey) was 1864 when Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico sent out emissaries to several nations to seek official recognition of his rule in the country. [2] Diplomatic relations between the two nations were established in 1928 after the transformation of Turkey from the Ottoman Empire by Mustafa Kemal AtatĂŒrk, founder of the modern Turkish republic in 1923; and after the end of the Mexican Revolution in 1920. That same year, both nations signed a 'Friendship Agreement'. [1] Almost immediately, both nations opened diplomatic legations in each other's capitals, respectively. [1]
Turkish ambassador to Mexico, Hasan Tahsin Mayatepek, laid the foundation for MexicanâTurkish relations during the 1930s, and had a great influence in the way Mexico, and its indigenous peoples like the Aztecs and Maya peoples are seen in Turkey. The Turkish Embassy in Mexico City opened in 1947. [3] In 1962, their respective diplomatic missions were upgraded to embassies. [1]
In June 1992, Mexican Foreign Secretary Fernando Solana paid an official visit to Turkey, becoming at the time the highest level government official to visit the country. While in Turkey, Secretary Solana and his counterpart, Foreign Minister SĂŒleyman Demirel signed a few bilateral agreements. [1] In 1998, Prime Minister Mesut Yılmaz became the first Turkish head-of-state to pay an official visit to Mexico. [4] In 2009, then Prime Minister Recep Tayyip ErdoÄan paid a visit to Mexico and met with President Felipe CalderĂłn. [5] In 2013, President Enrique Peña Nieto became the first Mexican head-of-state to pay a visit to Turkey. [6]
Both nations are considered as regional powers and are playing bigger roles in the international community. Both nations have supported each other diplomatically, particularly in the United Nations and Mexico has supported Turkey over the issue of the Syrian Civil War occurring on its border. In 2013, Mexico donated US$1 million to Turkey for the support of over one million Syrian refugees that are currently being housed in the country. [7]
In 2015, President ErdoÄan returned to Mexico on a State visit. [8] In July 2018, both nations celebrated 90 years of diplomatic relations. [9]
In November 2022, Mexican Foreign Minister Marcelo Ebrard paid a visit to Turkey and met with his counterpart MevlĂŒt ĂavuĆoÄlu. During the visit, both nations initiated discussions of a free trade agreement between them. [10]
High-level Visits
.jpg)
High-level visits from Mexico to Turkey [1] [6] [10]
- Foreign Minister Fernando Solana (1992)
- President Enrique Peña Nieto (2013, 2015)
- Foreign Minister Marcelo Ebrard (2022)
High-level visits from Turkey to Mexico [4] [5] [8] [11] [12]
- Prime Minister Mesut Yılmaz (1998)
- Prime Minister and President Recep Tayyip ErdoÄan (2009, 2012, 2015)
- Foreign Minister MevlĂŒt ĂavuĆoÄlu (2017, 2019)
Gallery
-
President Felipe CalderĂłn and Prime Minister Recep Tayyip ErdoÄan in Los Cabos; 2012. -
President Abdullah GĂŒl and President Enrique Peña Nieto in Ankara, 2013. -
President Enrique Peña Nieto and President Recep Tayyip ErdoÄan in Hamburg, Germany; 2017.
.jpg)
Bilateral agreements
Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements, such as a Friendship Agreement (1927); Agreements on Educational and Cultural Cooperation (1992); Agreement on Eliminating Visa requirements for Diplomatic Passport holders (1992); Agreement on Economic and Trade Cooperation (1998); Agreement of Cooperation in Combating against Illicit Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (2013); Agreement of Cooperation in Combating Organized Crime and Terrorism (2013) and an Agreement in Science and Technical Cooperation (2013); Agreement to Avoid Double Taxation and Prevent Tax Evasion in the Matter of Income Taxes (2013); Agreement on Air Transportation (2013); Agreement on Mutual Administrative Assistance and Exchange of Information on Customs Matters (2013); Memorandum of Understanding for the Establishment of a Mechanism of Consultation in Matters of Mutual Interest (2013); Agreement for the Reciprocal Protection of Investments (2013); Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in Science and Technology (2013) and a Memorandum of Understanding Cooperation in Export Credits between the National Exterior Commerce Bank (Bancomext) of Mexico and the Export Credit Bank of Turkey (TĂŒrk Eximbank) (2013). [13] [14]
Transportation
There are direct flight between both nations with Turkish Airlines.
Trade
In 2023, trade between both nations amounted to US$1.9 billion. [15] Mexico's main exports to Turkey include: data processing machines, telephones and mobile phones, cotton, chemical based products, motor vehicles, scrap metal, gold, medical equipment, vegetables, and vegetable oil. Turkey's exports to Mexico include: parts and accessories for motor vehicles, motor vehicles, engines, iron and non-alloy steel, jewelry, clothing, chemical based products, seeds, fruits and nuts. [15]
Mexican multinational companies such as Cemex, Gruma and Zinc Nacional (among others) operate in Turkey. [16] Turkish multinational companies such as Mata Automotive, Orphan Holding, Tekno Kauch and Toto Max (among others) operate in Mexico. [16] [17]
Resident diplomatic missions
- Mexico has an embassy in Ankara [18] and a consulate in Istanbul. [19]
- Turkey has an embassy in Mexico City. [20]
-
ĂiçeÄi Residence hosting the Embassy of Mexico in Ankara -
Embassy of Turkey in Mexico City
See also
Country comparison
| Official Name | United Mexican States | Republic or Turkey |
|---|---|---|
| Common Name | 
Mexico
|
Turkey
|
| Population | 128,649,565 | 83,154,997 |
| Area | 1,972,550 km2 (761,610 sq mi) | 783,356 km2 (302,455 sq mi) |
| Population density | 61/km2 (158/sq mi) | 105/km2 (271.9/sq mi) |
| Capital | Mexico City | Ankara |
| Largest City | Mexico Cityâ( Population 9,209,944 ) | Istanbulâ( Population 15,907,951) |
| Government | Federal presidential constitutional republic | Unitary presidential constitutional republic |
| Legislature | Congress of the Union | Grand National Assembly of Turkey |
| Current Leader | President
Andrés Manuel López Obrador President of the Senate Alejandro Armenta Mier |
President
Recep Tayyip ErdoÄan Vice President Cevdet Yilmaz |
| Official languages | Spanish (de facto) | Turkish |
| Main religions | 90.7% Christianity, 4.7% No religion, 4.6% Others | 89.5% Islam, 8.9% No religion, 1.6% Others |
| Ethnic groups | 56 Amerindian groups | 85% Turkish, 9% Kurdish, 6% Others |
| Human Development Index (HDI) | 0.779 (high) [21] â 74th | 0.820 (very high) [22] â 54th |
| Military | Mexican Armed Forces | Turkish Armed Forces |
| GDP (PPP) | $2.715 trillion ($21,362 per capita) | $2.464 trillion [23] ($29,326 per capita) |
References
- ^ a b c d e f History of diplomatic relations between Mexico and Turkey (in Spanish)
- ^ La polĂtica exterior de Maximiliano de Habsburgo durante el Segundo Imperio Mexicano (in Spanish)
- ^ Ănsoy, Murat. "Latin America-Turkey Relations: Reaching Out to Distant Shores of the Western Hemisphere" (Chapter 12). In: Ercan, Pınar Gözen (editor) ( Hacettepe University). Turkish Foreign Policy: International Relations, Legality and Global Reach. Springer Science+Business Media, April 7, 2017. ISBN 3319504517, 9783319504513. Start: p. 237. CITED: p. 245.
- ^ a b Turkey and Mexico may Take Joint Steps to Deal with Organized Crimes, Erdogan
- ^ a b PM Erdogan in Mexico after tals in United States
- ^ a b Peña Nieto aterriza en TurquĂa para visita de Estado (in Spanish)
- ^ MĂ©xico donarĂĄ un million de dollars a TurquĂa para apoyar a sirios. (in Spanish)
- ^ a b âTurkey and Mexico are both among the large economies of the world and share many similaritiesâ
- ^ MĂ©xico y TurquĂa celebran 90 años de relaciones diplomĂĄticas (in Spanish)
- ^ a b Marcelo Ebrard asegura que la relaciĂłn entre MĂ©xico y TurquĂa se va a fortalecer (in Spanish)
- ^ The visits of Foreign Minister ĂavuĆoÄlu to Argentina, Paraguay, the Dominican Republic and Mexico
- ^ Relaciones entre TĂŒrkiye y MĂ©xico (in Spanish)
- ^ Acuerdos firmados entre MĂ©xico y TurquĂa (in Spanish)
- ^ Bilateral agreements between Mexico and Turkey (in Spanish)
- ^ a b Data MĂ©xico: Turkey
- ^ a b Inversiones turcas en autopartes se avecinan con TLC (in Spanish)
- ^ Empresa de TurquĂa invertirĂĄ 340 mdp en nueva planta (in Spanish)
- ^ Embassy of Mexico in Ankara
- ^ Consulate of Mexico in Istanbul
- ^ Embassy of Turkey in Mexico City (in Spanish and Turkish)
- ^ "Human Development Report 2020" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
- ^ "2020 Human Development Report" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
- ^ "International Monetary Fund, Report on selected countries". imf.org. Retrieved 2017-06-24.
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
| |
Mexico |
Turkey |
|---|---|
The nations of Mexico and Turkey established diplomatic relations in 1928. [1] Both nations are members of the G20, OECD and the United Nations.
History
The first official contact between Mexico and the Ottoman Empire (present day Turkey) was 1864 when Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico sent out emissaries to several nations to seek official recognition of his rule in the country. [2] Diplomatic relations between the two nations were established in 1928 after the transformation of Turkey from the Ottoman Empire by Mustafa Kemal AtatĂŒrk, founder of the modern Turkish republic in 1923; and after the end of the Mexican Revolution in 1920. That same year, both nations signed a 'Friendship Agreement'. [1] Almost immediately, both nations opened diplomatic legations in each other's capitals, respectively. [1]
Turkish ambassador to Mexico, Hasan Tahsin Mayatepek, laid the foundation for MexicanâTurkish relations during the 1930s, and had a great influence in the way Mexico, and its indigenous peoples like the Aztecs and Maya peoples are seen in Turkey. The Turkish Embassy in Mexico City opened in 1947. [3] In 1962, their respective diplomatic missions were upgraded to embassies. [1]
In June 1992, Mexican Foreign Secretary Fernando Solana paid an official visit to Turkey, becoming at the time the highest level government official to visit the country. While in Turkey, Secretary Solana and his counterpart, Foreign Minister SĂŒleyman Demirel signed a few bilateral agreements. [1] In 1998, Prime Minister Mesut Yılmaz became the first Turkish head-of-state to pay an official visit to Mexico. [4] In 2009, then Prime Minister Recep Tayyip ErdoÄan paid a visit to Mexico and met with President Felipe CalderĂłn. [5] In 2013, President Enrique Peña Nieto became the first Mexican head-of-state to pay a visit to Turkey. [6]
Both nations are considered as regional powers and are playing bigger roles in the international community. Both nations have supported each other diplomatically, particularly in the United Nations and Mexico has supported Turkey over the issue of the Syrian Civil War occurring on its border. In 2013, Mexico donated US$1 million to Turkey for the support of over one million Syrian refugees that are currently being housed in the country. [7]
In 2015, President ErdoÄan returned to Mexico on a State visit. [8] In July 2018, both nations celebrated 90 years of diplomatic relations. [9]
In November 2022, Mexican Foreign Minister Marcelo Ebrard paid a visit to Turkey and met with his counterpart MevlĂŒt ĂavuĆoÄlu. During the visit, both nations initiated discussions of a free trade agreement between them. [10]
High-level Visits
High-level visits from Mexico to Turkey [1] [6] [10]
- Foreign Minister Fernando Solana (1992)
- President Enrique Peña Nieto (2013, 2015)
- Foreign Minister Marcelo Ebrard (2022)
High-level visits from Turkey to Mexico [4] [5] [8] [11] [12]
- Prime Minister Mesut Yılmaz (1998)
- Prime Minister and President Recep Tayyip ErdoÄan (2009, 2012, 2015)
- Foreign Minister MevlĂŒt ĂavuĆoÄlu (2017, 2019)
Gallery
-
President Felipe CalderĂłn and Prime Minister Recep Tayyip ErdoÄan in Los Cabos; 2012.
-
President Abdullah GĂŒl and President Enrique Peña Nieto in Ankara, 2013.
-
President Enrique Peña Nieto and President Recep Tayyip ErdoÄan in Hamburg, Germany; 2017.
Bilateral agreements
Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements, such as a Friendship Agreement (1927); Agreements on Educational and Cultural Cooperation (1992); Agreement on Eliminating Visa requirements for Diplomatic Passport holders (1992); Agreement on Economic and Trade Cooperation (1998); Agreement of Cooperation in Combating against Illicit Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (2013); Agreement of Cooperation in Combating Organized Crime and Terrorism (2013) and an Agreement in Science and Technical Cooperation (2013); Agreement to Avoid Double Taxation and Prevent Tax Evasion in the Matter of Income Taxes (2013); Agreement on Air Transportation (2013); Agreement on Mutual Administrative Assistance and Exchange of Information on Customs Matters (2013); Memorandum of Understanding for the Establishment of a Mechanism of Consultation in Matters of Mutual Interest (2013); Agreement for the Reciprocal Protection of Investments (2013); Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in Science and Technology (2013) and a Memorandum of Understanding Cooperation in Export Credits between the National Exterior Commerce Bank (Bancomext) of Mexico and the Export Credit Bank of Turkey (TĂŒrk Eximbank) (2013). [13] [14]
Transportation
There are direct flight between both nations with Turkish Airlines.
Trade
In 2023, trade between both nations amounted to US$1.9 billion. [15] Mexico's main exports to Turkey include: data processing machines, telephones and mobile phones, cotton, chemical based products, motor vehicles, scrap metal, gold, medical equipment, vegetables, and vegetable oil. Turkey's exports to Mexico include: parts and accessories for motor vehicles, motor vehicles, engines, iron and non-alloy steel, jewelry, clothing, chemical based products, seeds, fruits and nuts. [15]
Mexican multinational companies such as Cemex, Gruma and Zinc Nacional (among others) operate in Turkey. [16] Turkish multinational companies such as Mata Automotive, Orphan Holding, Tekno Kauch and Toto Max (among others) operate in Mexico. [16] [17]
Resident diplomatic missions
- Mexico has an embassy in Ankara [18] and a consulate in Istanbul. [19]
- Turkey has an embassy in Mexico City. [20]
-
ĂiçeÄi Residence hosting the Embassy of Mexico in Ankara
-
Embassy of Turkey in Mexico City
See also
Country comparison
| Official Name | United Mexican States | Republic or Turkey |
|---|---|---|
| Common Name |
Mexico
|
Turkey
|
| Population | 128,649,565 | 83,154,997 |
| Area | 1,972,550 km2 (761,610 sq mi) | 783,356 km2 (302,455 sq mi) |
| Population density | 61/km2 (158/sq mi) | 105/km2 (271.9/sq mi) |
| Capital | Mexico City | Ankara |
| Largest City | Mexico Cityâ( Population 9,209,944 ) | Istanbulâ( Population 15,907,951) |
| Government | Federal presidential constitutional republic | Unitary presidential constitutional republic |
| Legislature | Congress of the Union | Grand National Assembly of Turkey |
| Current Leader | President
Andrés Manuel López Obrador President of the Senate Alejandro Armenta Mier |
President
Recep Tayyip ErdoÄan Vice President Cevdet Yilmaz |
| Official languages | Spanish (de facto) | Turkish |
| Main religions | 90.7% Christianity, 4.7% No religion, 4.6% Others | 89.5% Islam, 8.9% No religion, 1.6% Others |
| Ethnic groups | 56 Amerindian groups | 85% Turkish, 9% Kurdish, 6% Others |
| Human Development Index (HDI) | 0.779 (high) [21] â 74th | 0.820 (very high) [22] â 54th |
| Military | Mexican Armed Forces | Turkish Armed Forces |
| GDP (PPP) | $2.715 trillion ($21,362 per capita) | $2.464 trillion [23] ($29,326 per capita) |
References
- ^ a b c d e f History of diplomatic relations between Mexico and Turkey (in Spanish)
- ^ La polĂtica exterior de Maximiliano de Habsburgo durante el Segundo Imperio Mexicano (in Spanish)
- ^ Ănsoy, Murat. "Latin America-Turkey Relations: Reaching Out to Distant Shores of the Western Hemisphere" (Chapter 12). In: Ercan, Pınar Gözen (editor) ( Hacettepe University). Turkish Foreign Policy: International Relations, Legality and Global Reach. Springer Science+Business Media, April 7, 2017. ISBN 3319504517, 9783319504513. Start: p. 237. CITED: p. 245.
- ^ a b Turkey and Mexico may Take Joint Steps to Deal with Organized Crimes, Erdogan
- ^ a b PM Erdogan in Mexico after tals in United States
- ^ a b Peña Nieto aterriza en TurquĂa para visita de Estado (in Spanish)
- ^ MĂ©xico donarĂĄ un million de dollars a TurquĂa para apoyar a sirios. (in Spanish)
- ^ a b âTurkey and Mexico are both among the large economies of the world and share many similaritiesâ
- ^ MĂ©xico y TurquĂa celebran 90 años de relaciones diplomĂĄticas (in Spanish)
- ^ a b Marcelo Ebrard asegura que la relaciĂłn entre MĂ©xico y TurquĂa se va a fortalecer (in Spanish)
- ^ The visits of Foreign Minister ĂavuĆoÄlu to Argentina, Paraguay, the Dominican Republic and Mexico
- ^ Relaciones entre TĂŒrkiye y MĂ©xico (in Spanish)
- ^ Acuerdos firmados entre MĂ©xico y TurquĂa (in Spanish)
- ^ Bilateral agreements between Mexico and Turkey (in Spanish)
- ^ a b Data MĂ©xico: Turkey
- ^ a b Inversiones turcas en autopartes se avecinan con TLC (in Spanish)
- ^ Empresa de TurquĂa invertirĂĄ 340 mdp en nueva planta (in Spanish)
- ^ Embassy of Mexico in Ankara
- ^ Consulate of Mexico in Istanbul
- ^ Embassy of Turkey in Mexico City (in Spanish and Turkish)
- ^ "Human Development Report 2020" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
- ^ "2020 Human Development Report" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
- ^ "International Monetary Fund, Report on selected countries". imf.org. Retrieved 2017-06-24.
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||