Turkey has helped Guinea-Bissau's lack of infrastructure for education that resulted from Portuguese policies.[2] The Portuguese
missĂŁo civilizadora,[3] in the words[4] of the
Cardinal[5]Manuel Gonçalves Cerejeira in 1960, was to teach the natives to write, to read and to count, but not make them doctors. Turkeyâthrough[6]TIKAâgave extensive assistance in building schools beyond the rudimentary ensinos de adaptação[5] left behind by the Portuguese.
Economic relations
Trade volume between the two countries was 4.95 million USD in 2019.[6]
Brooks, George E. Jr. Luso-African Commerce and Settlement in the Gambia and Guinea-Bissau Region. Boston University, African Studies Center, Working Papers Number 24, 1980.
CorrĂȘa, AntĂłnio A. Mendes. Ultramar PortuguĂȘs. II. llhas de Cabo Verde. Lisbon: AgĂȘncia Geral do Ultramar, 1954.
CortesĂŁo, Jaime. Os Descobrimentos PortuguĂȘses. 6 vols., 1980 (vols. I e 2, 3.); 1975 (vol 4); 1976 (vol. 5); 1978 (vol. 6). Lisboa: Livros Horizonte.
CortesĂŁo, Jaime. Os PortuguĂȘses em Africa. Lisbon: PortugĂĄlia Editora, 1968.
Duffy, James. Shipwreck and Empire: Being an Account of Portuguese Maritime Disasters in a Century of Decline. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1955.
Dunn, John. West African States: Failure and Promise. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.
Mendy, Peter Karibe. "The Problems and Prospects of Liberation Education in Guinea-Bissau." Master of Social Science Dissertation, University of Birmingham, England, 1980.
Nunez, Benjamin. Dictionary of Portuguese African Civilization, 2 vols., Amsterdam: Hans Zell, 1992.
Portugal's Reasons for Remaining in the Overseas Provinces. Lisbon: AgĂȘncia Geral do Ultramar, 1970.
Turkey has helped Guinea-Bissau's lack of infrastructure for education that resulted from Portuguese policies.[2] The Portuguese
missĂŁo civilizadora,[3] in the words[4] of the
Cardinal[5]Manuel Gonçalves Cerejeira in 1960, was to teach the natives to write, to read and to count, but not make them doctors. Turkeyâthrough[6]TIKAâgave extensive assistance in building schools beyond the rudimentary ensinos de adaptação[5] left behind by the Portuguese.
Economic relations
Trade volume between the two countries was 4.95 million USD in 2019.[6]
Brooks, George E. Jr. Luso-African Commerce and Settlement in the Gambia and Guinea-Bissau Region. Boston University, African Studies Center, Working Papers Number 24, 1980.
CorrĂȘa, AntĂłnio A. Mendes. Ultramar PortuguĂȘs. II. llhas de Cabo Verde. Lisbon: AgĂȘncia Geral do Ultramar, 1954.
CortesĂŁo, Jaime. Os Descobrimentos PortuguĂȘses. 6 vols., 1980 (vols. I e 2, 3.); 1975 (vol 4); 1976 (vol. 5); 1978 (vol. 6). Lisboa: Livros Horizonte.
CortesĂŁo, Jaime. Os PortuguĂȘses em Africa. Lisbon: PortugĂĄlia Editora, 1968.
Duffy, James. Shipwreck and Empire: Being an Account of Portuguese Maritime Disasters in a Century of Decline. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1955.
Dunn, John. West African States: Failure and Promise. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.
Mendy, Peter Karibe. "The Problems and Prospects of Liberation Education in Guinea-Bissau." Master of Social Science Dissertation, University of Birmingham, England, 1980.
Nunez, Benjamin. Dictionary of Portuguese African Civilization, 2 vols., Amsterdam: Hans Zell, 1992.
Portugal's Reasons for Remaining in the Overseas Provinces. Lisbon: AgĂȘncia Geral do Ultramar, 1970.