The
Belgian Congo assumed the name
République du Congo (Republic of Congo), the same name that
the former French Congo had assumed in 1958. To prevent confusion while acknowledging their independence, the two nations would be distinguished in the press by their national capitals, with the former Belgian colony being called "Congo-Leopoldville" and its neighbor "Congo-Brazzaville". In 1964, Congo-Leopoldville was officially given its current name, "République démocratique du Congo" (Democratic Republic of Congo).
A
SovietMiG fighter north of
Murmansk in the
Barents Seashot down a 6-man
RB-47. Two
United States Air Force officers, First Lts. John R. McKone and Freeman B. Olmstead, survived and were imprisoned in Moscow's
Lubyanka prison. The pilot, Major Willard Palm, was killed and his body recovered. The other three crewmen's fates are unknown. The Soviets announced the capture of the men ten days later.[2] The men were finally released on
January 25, 1961.
Italian Somaliland gained its independence from Italy, five days after
British Somaliland, and merged into the Somali Republic. Aden Abdullah Othman, leader of the Italian Somaliland legislature, was elected President, and Abdirashid Ali Shermake became Prime Minister.[3]
Former U.S. President
Harry S. Truman said at a news conference in
Independence, Missouri, that Democratic Party frontrunner
John F. Kennedy lacked the maturity to be President, and that Kennedy should decline the nomination. Kennedy responded two days later, saying "I have encountered and survived every kind of hazard and opposition, and I do not intend to withdraw my name now, on the eve of the convention."[7]
A riot broke out during the
Newport Jazz Festival in
Newport, Rhode Island, after a crowd of about 3,000 people, mostly white, were angry about a lack of seating for the concerts. Order was not restored until three companies of the state National Guard were sent in.[8]
A bolt of lightning struck a group of religious pilgrims as they carried a statue of the Virgin Mary to the summit of Mount
Bisalta, near
Cuneo in Italy. Four were killed and 30 more injured.[10]
For the first time, a 50-star
flag of the United States was hoisted, raised at 12:01 a.m. (EDT), at the Fort McHenry National Monument in Baltimore, and at the U.S. Capitol in Washington. At the time, there were only seven places in the United States where the national flag was permitted to be flown during hours of darkness.[13]
Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas, the
U.S. Senate Majority Leader, announced that he would seek, and expected that he would receive, the presidential nomination at the upcoming
Democratic National Convention. Johnson asserted that front-runner
John F. Kennedy had less than 600 of the required 701 delegates needed for a nomination, and that Johnson had at least 500. The only other candidate for the nomination was Senator
Stuart Symington.[14]
The United States cut its orders for sugar from
Cuba by 95 percent, following a July 2 authorization by Congress giving President Eisenhower the power to decrease the quota of sugar purchases.[16]
Rodger Woodward, a seven-year-old boy, became the first person known to survive an accidental plunge over
Niagara Falls. Roger had been a passenger in a boat on the
Niagara River when the outboard motor failed. He fell 165 feet (50 m) over the Falls, but sustained only minor bruises and a cut, and was released from a hospital two days later.[24]
As the
Congo Crisis continued, the Belgian national airline
Sabena began airlifting Belgian citizens out of the
Congo. Over the next three weeks, 25,711 flew home.[26]
The nuclear submarine
USS Thresher was launched. It would be lost in 1963.[27]
The
Havana Sugar Kings played their last game under that name, winning in Richmond and defeating the Virginians, 7–1.[28] The next day, they played in Miami as the "Jersey City Jerseys", though still wearing their Sugar Kings uniforms.[29]
Moise Tshombe declared the Congolese province of
Katanga independent, and, taking advantage of the
Congo Crisis and the dismissal of Belgian officers from the Congolese Army, asked for military aid from Belgium. The Congo's Prime Minister
Patrice Lumumba asked the
United Nations to intervene in the crisis.[2]
The Color Additives Amendments to the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act went into effect, regulating artificial coloring of consumer goods sold in the United States.[36]
Khieu Samphan, editor of the
Phnom Penh newspaper L'Observatueur, was arrested and beaten by ten members of
Cambodia's security police. As one author would note later, "There is no telling how many people later paid with their lives for this insult." Samphan would later help found the Communist
Khmer Rouge and, 15 years later as the leader of the revolutionary government, would oversee a program of genocide in Cambodia.[37]
U.S. Senator
John F. Kennedy won his party's nomination for President on the first ballot at the
Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles, but not until
Wyoming's 15 delegates gave him the 2⁄3 majority. With 761 votes needed, Kennedy got 806, while
Lyndon Johnson received 409.[38]
The
Pilkington Committee on Broadcasting was set up in the UK to review the state of broadcasting. After two years, the Pilkington Committee concluded that the British public did not want commercial broadcasting.
In a choice that would determine the 36th
President of the United States, Democratic presidential nominee and U.S. Senator
John F. Kennedy asked U.S. Senate Majority Leader
Lyndon Johnson to be his running mate at 9:00 a.m. in Los Angeles, and Johnson, to the surprise of many, accepted. The day before, U.S. Senator
Stuart Symington of Missouri had been asked, and agreed, to become Kennedy's choice for the vice-presidency.[40]
A fire at a mental hospital in
Guatemala City killed 225 of the nearly 1,600 patients there.[41]
Born:
Anna Bligh, Australian politician, Premier of Queensland from 2007 to 2012 and the first woman to be elected, rather than appointed, as the Premier of an Australian state; in
Warwick, Queensland
The phrase "
New Frontier", which would be used to describe the policies of
John F. Kennedy, was first used in Kennedy's acceptance of the Democratic presidential nomination in Los Angeles. After referring to the American West ("what was once the 'last frontier'"), Kennedy said that "we stand today on the edge of a new frontier— the frontier of the 1960s".[43]
The Soviet Union completed the
Sino-Soviet split by notifying the government of the People's Republic of China that all 1,390 Soviet advisors and experts there would be withdrawn. Over the next month, the Soviets cancelled twelve economic and technological agreements, and 200 joint projects.[44]
Joseph Kasavubu and
Patrice Lumumba, unhappy with the
United Nations' progress in pressuring Belgium to withdraw its troops from the former
Belgian Congo, added a new dimension to the
Congo Crisis that, if Belgian troops did not withdraw within 48 hours, the Congolese leaders would invite the Soviet Union to send troops to the African nation.[47]
Trans Australia Airlines Flight 408 was taken over by a gunman, Alex Hildebrandt of Russia, in the first airplane hijacking in Australia. The hijack was foiled when Hildebrandt was overpowered by the plane's first officer.
All 23 passengers and crew were killed on
Aeroflot Flight 613 when their
Ilyushin Il-14 airliner encountered turbulence and broke apart in midair during a flight from
Leningrad to the smaller city of
Syktyvkar.[51] The passengers were all members of the 75th Squadron of the Soviet Civil Air Fleet; the plane was cleared to descend to an altitude of 300 metres (980 ft) and its crew acknowledged the directive. The wreckage was found on July 31, in a forest south of
Lake Kenozero, about 87 kilometres (54 mi) from its destination.[52]
Sirimavo Bandaranaike became the world's first elected female head of government, after her
Sri Lanka Freedom Party won a majority in elections in Ceylon (now
Sri Lanka). Mrs. Bandaranaike, whose husband S.W.D. Bandaranaike had been Prime Minister until his assassination in 1959, took office as
Prime Minister of Ceylon the next day, and assumed the jobs of Defense Minister and External Affairs Minister as well.[2]
President Eisenhower announced that the United States had a budget surplus of $1.06 billion at the end of the 1960 fiscal year, a dramatic turnaround from the $12,426,000,000 deficit at the end of the 1959 fiscal year.[2]
The submarine
USS George Washington made the first launch of a rocket from underwater into the air, with the firing of an unarmed
Polaris missile while submerged at a depth of 30 feet (9.1 m).[53]
The Parliament of Canada extended the right to vote in federal elections to the remaining
First Nations indigenous citizens who had not previously received full suffrage, as an amendment to the
Canada Elections Act passed its third reading in the Senate and was sent onward for assent.[54] The people granted rights were the 60,000 "
Status Indians" who lived on Canada's
Indian reserves. The right had previously been extended to about 20,000 members of the First Nations, specifically veterans and their wives, members who did not live on a reserve, and to those living in the Northwest Territories and the Yukon.[55] The Act would receive royal assent on August 1.[56]
The first
television station in
Egypt began broadcasting. After a verse from the
Quran was read, United Arab Republic President
Gamal Abdel Nasser was shown live, making a speech during celebrations of the eighth anniversary of the
1952 revolution.[57]
The Soviet Union launched a space capsule with two dogs, Pchelka and Mushka, in advance of
human spaceflight. Korabl 3 burned up upon re-entry into the atmosphere.[62]
Soviet Marshal
Ivan Konev retired as chief of the
Warsaw Pact, and was replaced by another Soviet military man, Marshal
Andrei Grechko.[2] Marshal Grechko would become the Soviet Minister of Defense in 1967, and would be replaced as Warsaw Pact commander by Marshal
Ivan Yakubovsky on July 8, 1967.[64]
An accident killed 30 Japanese tourists and injured 16 others who were on a chartered sightseeing bus, on their way back down from visiting the Buddhist shrine at
Mount Hiei, after sideswiping another bus and plunging off of a mountain road into a ravine. Reportedly, the tourist bus "shot 60 yards straight down and then rolled over for another 100 yards before crashing." The persons on the other bus were uninjured.[65]
Died:
Jacques Jaccard, 73, American silent film director in the 1910s and 1920s
Hans Albers, 68, leading man of German film in the 1930s and early 1940s
The lunch counter at the
Woolworth's store in
Greensboro, North Carolina, where the "Greensboro Four" had started the first sit-in in January, began service to African-American customers (actually, three store employees) at 2:30 p.m.[66] Integration of Greensboro's other restaurants did not happen until 1963.[67]
Fifteen months after U.S. President Eisenhower had proposed that the Soviet Union and the United States be allowed to inspect their opponents' missile sites, the Soviets made a counteroffer "to allow international inspection teams to carry out three on-site inspections annually on its territory."[68] The U.S. and its allies considered the number to be inadequate, but saw it as the basis for negotiations. Actual inspections would not take place until more than 25 years later.
The opening title sequence of The Andy Griffith Show, showing
Andy Griffith and
Ron Howard preparing to go fishing, was filmed in advance of the show's October 3 premiere. The
Franklin Canyon Reservoir in
Los Angeles served as Myers Lake (named for the show's production manager, Frank E. Myers) on the outskirts of Mayberry, North Carolina, for purposes of the show.[69]
Died:
Cedric Gibbons, 67, pioneering Irish-American film art director
The
Republic of Ireland ended its policy of
neutrality with the dispatch of soldiers of the 32nd Infantry Battalion to Africa to join United Nations peacekeeping forces during the
Congo Crisis.[70] The Defence Amendment Act 1960 had taken effect the day before after passing both houses of the Irish parliament.
The Soviet Union launched the first of six
Vostok 1K animal flight missions, with two
space dogs, Chayka and Lisichka. An explosion destroyed the spacecraft shortly after launch, killing both dogs, and the mission was not publicized, nor given a name afterward.[72]
Mercury-Atlas 1 was launched from Cape Canaveral on a sub-orbital flight, to check the integrity of the Mercury spacecraft structure and afterbody shingles for critical abort reentry, and to evaluate the
Atlas abort-sensing instrumentation system. The spacecraft had no escape system or test subject. After 59 seconds, the flight was terminated because of a launch vehicle and adapter structural failure, and the spacecraft was destroyed on impact in the ocean. Since none of the primary flight objectives was achieved,
Mercury-Atlas 2 was planned to fulfill the mission.[25][73]
10 Downing Street, the official London residence of the British Prime Minister, was closed for renovations expected to last at least two years.
Harold Macmillan's home was transferred for the interim to
Admiralty House.[74]
The U.S.
Federal Communications Commission voted 6–1 against censorship of American radio and television communications, following hearings in which various witnesses testified in favor of FCC intervention.[2]
The
American Football League played its first game, an exhibition between the
Buffalo Bills and the
Boston Patriots, before a crowd of 16,474 in Buffalo, and the home team lost, 28 to 7.[76]Bob Dee of the Patriots recovered a fumble in the end zone for the first unofficial AFL score.[77]
South Korea and
North Korea fought a battle as at sea for the first time since the end of the Korean War in 1953, with a North Korean gunboat being sunk near Kojin.[78]
Lieutenant
Columbo, the fictional TV detective who would be more famously portrayed by actor
Peter Falk, was introduced in a 90-minute episode of the
anthology seriesThe Chevy Mystery Show,[79] shown at 9:00 Eastern time on NBC.
Bert Freed was the first to portray Lieutenant Columbo, described as "a police detective harassing the doctor",[80] though actor
Richard Carlson (who portrayed a psychiatrist who murdered his wife) received top billing in the teleplay, titled "Enough Rope".[81][unreliable source?]
^James S. Olson, Historical Dictionary of the 1960s (Greenwood Press, 1999) p327
^"Sino-Soviet Economic Cooperation", by Shu Guang Zhang, in Brothers in Arms: The Rise and Fall of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945–1963 (Stanford University Press, 1998) p214
^Hosch, William (2010). World War II : people, politics, and power. New York: Britannica Educational Pub. in association with Rosen Educational Services. p. 223.
ISBN9781615300082.
^Wilson, Scott (2016). Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons (3 ed.). McFarland. p. 479.
ISBN978-1-476-62599-7.
^Eşref Aksu, The United Nations, Intra-state Peacekeeping and Normative Change (Manchester University Press, 2003), p102
^James Edward Miller, Baseball Business: Pursuing Pennants and Profits in Baltimore (University Of North Carolina Press, 1990), p83; "National Loop OKs Expansion", Oakland Tribune, July 19, 1960, p37
^David Marc, Comic Visions: Television Comedy and American Culture (Blackwell 1997), p78
^"Sub Tosses 2 Polaris Missiles In Underwater Twin Success". Salt Lake Tribune. July 21, 1960. p. 1.
^Dewar, Gordon (July 22, 1960). "The Day in Parliament". Ottawa Journal. p. 7.
^Lerner, Leonard (July 17, 1960). "Canadian-American News: All Adult Indians Win Vote in Federal Elections". Boston Sunday Globe. p. 22.
^Canadian Government Publications Monthly Catalogue (September 1960), p7
^Wells, Alan (1996). World Broadcasting: A Comparative View.
Ablex Publishing. p. 128.
^"The man who beat the Atlantic alone". The Birmingham Mail.
Birmingham,
England. July 22, 1960. p. 2. Yesterday Chichester sailed his 39ft. sloop Gipsy Moth III into New York Harbour.
^Sibley, John (July 22, 1960). "Chichester Wins One-Man-Boat Race Across the Atlantic— Briton Is Victor in Gipsy Moth III". The New York Times. p. 17.
^Christopher McCreery, The Order of Canada: Its Origins, History, and Development (University of Toronto Press, 2005), p106
The
Belgian Congo assumed the name
République du Congo (Republic of Congo), the same name that
the former French Congo had assumed in 1958. To prevent confusion while acknowledging their independence, the two nations would be distinguished in the press by their national capitals, with the former Belgian colony being called "Congo-Leopoldville" and its neighbor "Congo-Brazzaville". In 1964, Congo-Leopoldville was officially given its current name, "République démocratique du Congo" (Democratic Republic of Congo).
A
SovietMiG fighter north of
Murmansk in the
Barents Seashot down a 6-man
RB-47. Two
United States Air Force officers, First Lts. John R. McKone and Freeman B. Olmstead, survived and were imprisoned in Moscow's
Lubyanka prison. The pilot, Major Willard Palm, was killed and his body recovered. The other three crewmen's fates are unknown. The Soviets announced the capture of the men ten days later.[2] The men were finally released on
January 25, 1961.
Italian Somaliland gained its independence from Italy, five days after
British Somaliland, and merged into the Somali Republic. Aden Abdullah Othman, leader of the Italian Somaliland legislature, was elected President, and Abdirashid Ali Shermake became Prime Minister.[3]
Former U.S. President
Harry S. Truman said at a news conference in
Independence, Missouri, that Democratic Party frontrunner
John F. Kennedy lacked the maturity to be President, and that Kennedy should decline the nomination. Kennedy responded two days later, saying "I have encountered and survived every kind of hazard and opposition, and I do not intend to withdraw my name now, on the eve of the convention."[7]
A riot broke out during the
Newport Jazz Festival in
Newport, Rhode Island, after a crowd of about 3,000 people, mostly white, were angry about a lack of seating for the concerts. Order was not restored until three companies of the state National Guard were sent in.[8]
A bolt of lightning struck a group of religious pilgrims as they carried a statue of the Virgin Mary to the summit of Mount
Bisalta, near
Cuneo in Italy. Four were killed and 30 more injured.[10]
For the first time, a 50-star
flag of the United States was hoisted, raised at 12:01 a.m. (EDT), at the Fort McHenry National Monument in Baltimore, and at the U.S. Capitol in Washington. At the time, there were only seven places in the United States where the national flag was permitted to be flown during hours of darkness.[13]
Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas, the
U.S. Senate Majority Leader, announced that he would seek, and expected that he would receive, the presidential nomination at the upcoming
Democratic National Convention. Johnson asserted that front-runner
John F. Kennedy had less than 600 of the required 701 delegates needed for a nomination, and that Johnson had at least 500. The only other candidate for the nomination was Senator
Stuart Symington.[14]
The United States cut its orders for sugar from
Cuba by 95 percent, following a July 2 authorization by Congress giving President Eisenhower the power to decrease the quota of sugar purchases.[16]
Rodger Woodward, a seven-year-old boy, became the first person known to survive an accidental plunge over
Niagara Falls. Roger had been a passenger in a boat on the
Niagara River when the outboard motor failed. He fell 165 feet (50 m) over the Falls, but sustained only minor bruises and a cut, and was released from a hospital two days later.[24]
As the
Congo Crisis continued, the Belgian national airline
Sabena began airlifting Belgian citizens out of the
Congo. Over the next three weeks, 25,711 flew home.[26]
The nuclear submarine
USS Thresher was launched. It would be lost in 1963.[27]
The
Havana Sugar Kings played their last game under that name, winning in Richmond and defeating the Virginians, 7–1.[28] The next day, they played in Miami as the "Jersey City Jerseys", though still wearing their Sugar Kings uniforms.[29]
Moise Tshombe declared the Congolese province of
Katanga independent, and, taking advantage of the
Congo Crisis and the dismissal of Belgian officers from the Congolese Army, asked for military aid from Belgium. The Congo's Prime Minister
Patrice Lumumba asked the
United Nations to intervene in the crisis.[2]
The Color Additives Amendments to the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act went into effect, regulating artificial coloring of consumer goods sold in the United States.[36]
Khieu Samphan, editor of the
Phnom Penh newspaper L'Observatueur, was arrested and beaten by ten members of
Cambodia's security police. As one author would note later, "There is no telling how many people later paid with their lives for this insult." Samphan would later help found the Communist
Khmer Rouge and, 15 years later as the leader of the revolutionary government, would oversee a program of genocide in Cambodia.[37]
U.S. Senator
John F. Kennedy won his party's nomination for President on the first ballot at the
Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles, but not until
Wyoming's 15 delegates gave him the 2⁄3 majority. With 761 votes needed, Kennedy got 806, while
Lyndon Johnson received 409.[38]
The
Pilkington Committee on Broadcasting was set up in the UK to review the state of broadcasting. After two years, the Pilkington Committee concluded that the British public did not want commercial broadcasting.
In a choice that would determine the 36th
President of the United States, Democratic presidential nominee and U.S. Senator
John F. Kennedy asked U.S. Senate Majority Leader
Lyndon Johnson to be his running mate at 9:00 a.m. in Los Angeles, and Johnson, to the surprise of many, accepted. The day before, U.S. Senator
Stuart Symington of Missouri had been asked, and agreed, to become Kennedy's choice for the vice-presidency.[40]
A fire at a mental hospital in
Guatemala City killed 225 of the nearly 1,600 patients there.[41]
Born:
Anna Bligh, Australian politician, Premier of Queensland from 2007 to 2012 and the first woman to be elected, rather than appointed, as the Premier of an Australian state; in
Warwick, Queensland
The phrase "
New Frontier", which would be used to describe the policies of
John F. Kennedy, was first used in Kennedy's acceptance of the Democratic presidential nomination in Los Angeles. After referring to the American West ("what was once the 'last frontier'"), Kennedy said that "we stand today on the edge of a new frontier— the frontier of the 1960s".[43]
The Soviet Union completed the
Sino-Soviet split by notifying the government of the People's Republic of China that all 1,390 Soviet advisors and experts there would be withdrawn. Over the next month, the Soviets cancelled twelve economic and technological agreements, and 200 joint projects.[44]
Joseph Kasavubu and
Patrice Lumumba, unhappy with the
United Nations' progress in pressuring Belgium to withdraw its troops from the former
Belgian Congo, added a new dimension to the
Congo Crisis that, if Belgian troops did not withdraw within 48 hours, the Congolese leaders would invite the Soviet Union to send troops to the African nation.[47]
Trans Australia Airlines Flight 408 was taken over by a gunman, Alex Hildebrandt of Russia, in the first airplane hijacking in Australia. The hijack was foiled when Hildebrandt was overpowered by the plane's first officer.
All 23 passengers and crew were killed on
Aeroflot Flight 613 when their
Ilyushin Il-14 airliner encountered turbulence and broke apart in midair during a flight from
Leningrad to the smaller city of
Syktyvkar.[51] The passengers were all members of the 75th Squadron of the Soviet Civil Air Fleet; the plane was cleared to descend to an altitude of 300 metres (980 ft) and its crew acknowledged the directive. The wreckage was found on July 31, in a forest south of
Lake Kenozero, about 87 kilometres (54 mi) from its destination.[52]
Sirimavo Bandaranaike became the world's first elected female head of government, after her
Sri Lanka Freedom Party won a majority in elections in Ceylon (now
Sri Lanka). Mrs. Bandaranaike, whose husband S.W.D. Bandaranaike had been Prime Minister until his assassination in 1959, took office as
Prime Minister of Ceylon the next day, and assumed the jobs of Defense Minister and External Affairs Minister as well.[2]
President Eisenhower announced that the United States had a budget surplus of $1.06 billion at the end of the 1960 fiscal year, a dramatic turnaround from the $12,426,000,000 deficit at the end of the 1959 fiscal year.[2]
The submarine
USS George Washington made the first launch of a rocket from underwater into the air, with the firing of an unarmed
Polaris missile while submerged at a depth of 30 feet (9.1 m).[53]
The Parliament of Canada extended the right to vote in federal elections to the remaining
First Nations indigenous citizens who had not previously received full suffrage, as an amendment to the
Canada Elections Act passed its third reading in the Senate and was sent onward for assent.[54] The people granted rights were the 60,000 "
Status Indians" who lived on Canada's
Indian reserves. The right had previously been extended to about 20,000 members of the First Nations, specifically veterans and their wives, members who did not live on a reserve, and to those living in the Northwest Territories and the Yukon.[55] The Act would receive royal assent on August 1.[56]
The first
television station in
Egypt began broadcasting. After a verse from the
Quran was read, United Arab Republic President
Gamal Abdel Nasser was shown live, making a speech during celebrations of the eighth anniversary of the
1952 revolution.[57]
The Soviet Union launched a space capsule with two dogs, Pchelka and Mushka, in advance of
human spaceflight. Korabl 3 burned up upon re-entry into the atmosphere.[62]
Soviet Marshal
Ivan Konev retired as chief of the
Warsaw Pact, and was replaced by another Soviet military man, Marshal
Andrei Grechko.[2] Marshal Grechko would become the Soviet Minister of Defense in 1967, and would be replaced as Warsaw Pact commander by Marshal
Ivan Yakubovsky on July 8, 1967.[64]
An accident killed 30 Japanese tourists and injured 16 others who were on a chartered sightseeing bus, on their way back down from visiting the Buddhist shrine at
Mount Hiei, after sideswiping another bus and plunging off of a mountain road into a ravine. Reportedly, the tourist bus "shot 60 yards straight down and then rolled over for another 100 yards before crashing." The persons on the other bus were uninjured.[65]
Died:
Jacques Jaccard, 73, American silent film director in the 1910s and 1920s
Hans Albers, 68, leading man of German film in the 1930s and early 1940s
The lunch counter at the
Woolworth's store in
Greensboro, North Carolina, where the "Greensboro Four" had started the first sit-in in January, began service to African-American customers (actually, three store employees) at 2:30 p.m.[66] Integration of Greensboro's other restaurants did not happen until 1963.[67]
Fifteen months after U.S. President Eisenhower had proposed that the Soviet Union and the United States be allowed to inspect their opponents' missile sites, the Soviets made a counteroffer "to allow international inspection teams to carry out three on-site inspections annually on its territory."[68] The U.S. and its allies considered the number to be inadequate, but saw it as the basis for negotiations. Actual inspections would not take place until more than 25 years later.
The opening title sequence of The Andy Griffith Show, showing
Andy Griffith and
Ron Howard preparing to go fishing, was filmed in advance of the show's October 3 premiere. The
Franklin Canyon Reservoir in
Los Angeles served as Myers Lake (named for the show's production manager, Frank E. Myers) on the outskirts of Mayberry, North Carolina, for purposes of the show.[69]
Died:
Cedric Gibbons, 67, pioneering Irish-American film art director
The
Republic of Ireland ended its policy of
neutrality with the dispatch of soldiers of the 32nd Infantry Battalion to Africa to join United Nations peacekeeping forces during the
Congo Crisis.[70] The Defence Amendment Act 1960 had taken effect the day before after passing both houses of the Irish parliament.
The Soviet Union launched the first of six
Vostok 1K animal flight missions, with two
space dogs, Chayka and Lisichka. An explosion destroyed the spacecraft shortly after launch, killing both dogs, and the mission was not publicized, nor given a name afterward.[72]
Mercury-Atlas 1 was launched from Cape Canaveral on a sub-orbital flight, to check the integrity of the Mercury spacecraft structure and afterbody shingles for critical abort reentry, and to evaluate the
Atlas abort-sensing instrumentation system. The spacecraft had no escape system or test subject. After 59 seconds, the flight was terminated because of a launch vehicle and adapter structural failure, and the spacecraft was destroyed on impact in the ocean. Since none of the primary flight objectives was achieved,
Mercury-Atlas 2 was planned to fulfill the mission.[25][73]
10 Downing Street, the official London residence of the British Prime Minister, was closed for renovations expected to last at least two years.
Harold Macmillan's home was transferred for the interim to
Admiralty House.[74]
The U.S.
Federal Communications Commission voted 6–1 against censorship of American radio and television communications, following hearings in which various witnesses testified in favor of FCC intervention.[2]
The
American Football League played its first game, an exhibition between the
Buffalo Bills and the
Boston Patriots, before a crowd of 16,474 in Buffalo, and the home team lost, 28 to 7.[76]Bob Dee of the Patriots recovered a fumble in the end zone for the first unofficial AFL score.[77]
South Korea and
North Korea fought a battle as at sea for the first time since the end of the Korean War in 1953, with a North Korean gunboat being sunk near Kojin.[78]
Lieutenant
Columbo, the fictional TV detective who would be more famously portrayed by actor
Peter Falk, was introduced in a 90-minute episode of the
anthology seriesThe Chevy Mystery Show,[79] shown at 9:00 Eastern time on NBC.
Bert Freed was the first to portray Lieutenant Columbo, described as "a police detective harassing the doctor",[80] though actor
Richard Carlson (who portrayed a psychiatrist who murdered his wife) received top billing in the teleplay, titled "Enough Rope".[81][unreliable source?]
^James S. Olson, Historical Dictionary of the 1960s (Greenwood Press, 1999) p327
^"Sino-Soviet Economic Cooperation", by Shu Guang Zhang, in Brothers in Arms: The Rise and Fall of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945–1963 (Stanford University Press, 1998) p214
^Hosch, William (2010). World War II : people, politics, and power. New York: Britannica Educational Pub. in association with Rosen Educational Services. p. 223.
ISBN9781615300082.
^Wilson, Scott (2016). Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons (3 ed.). McFarland. p. 479.
ISBN978-1-476-62599-7.
^Eşref Aksu, The United Nations, Intra-state Peacekeeping and Normative Change (Manchester University Press, 2003), p102
^James Edward Miller, Baseball Business: Pursuing Pennants and Profits in Baltimore (University Of North Carolina Press, 1990), p83; "National Loop OKs Expansion", Oakland Tribune, July 19, 1960, p37
^David Marc, Comic Visions: Television Comedy and American Culture (Blackwell 1997), p78
^"Sub Tosses 2 Polaris Missiles In Underwater Twin Success". Salt Lake Tribune. July 21, 1960. p. 1.
^Dewar, Gordon (July 22, 1960). "The Day in Parliament". Ottawa Journal. p. 7.
^Lerner, Leonard (July 17, 1960). "Canadian-American News: All Adult Indians Win Vote in Federal Elections". Boston Sunday Globe. p. 22.
^Canadian Government Publications Monthly Catalogue (September 1960), p7
^Wells, Alan (1996). World Broadcasting: A Comparative View.
Ablex Publishing. p. 128.
^"The man who beat the Atlantic alone". The Birmingham Mail.
Birmingham,
England. July 22, 1960. p. 2. Yesterday Chichester sailed his 39ft. sloop Gipsy Moth III into New York Harbour.
^Sibley, John (July 22, 1960). "Chichester Wins One-Man-Boat Race Across the Atlantic— Briton Is Victor in Gipsy Moth III". The New York Times. p. 17.
^Christopher McCreery, The Order of Canada: Its Origins, History, and Development (University of Toronto Press, 2005), p106