March 19 –
Byzantine–Venetian Treaty: Emperor
Michael VIII (Palaiologos) concludes an agreement with the
Republic of Venice. Stipulating a two-year truce, and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the
Byzantine Empire. Michael keeps the Venetians and their fleet from participating in the attempts of
Charles I, king of
Sicily, to organize an anti-Byzantine crusade, while the Venetians can retain their access to the Byzantine market.[1]
Battle of Pharsalus: Michael VIII (Palaiologos) sends a Byzantine expeditionary army under
John Synadenos to invade
Thessaly. The Byzantines are ambushed and defeated by Greek forces under
John I (Doukas), Latin ruler of Thessaly, near
Pharsalus (or Old Pharsalus). During the battle, Synadenos is captured and
Michael Kaballarios, commander of the Latin mercenaries, dies shortly afterward of his wounds.[2]
Summer –
Uprising of Ivaylo: An uprising under
Ivaylo breaks out in northeastern
Bulgaria against Emperor
Constantine I Tikh to cope with the constant Mongol invasions which devastated the country for years. He confronts and defeats the plundering Mongols, and by autumn all Mongols are driven out of Bulgarian territory. In return, Constantine gathers a small army and tries unsuccessfully to suppress the revolt.
March –
Siger of Brabant, Dutch teacher and philosopher, is condemned by the French
Inquisition for his advocacy of the
Averroist doctrine that reason is separate from Christian faith.[3]
May 12 –
Mehmet I of Karaman, Seljuk vizier, issues a
firman (decree) ordering the Turkish language to be used, instead of Arabic or Persian in government offices.
Roger Bacon, Franciscan friar and
University of Oxford lecturer, is arrested for spreading anti-Church views; specifically, the Church's stance on Greek philosopher
Galen.[7]
Levant
April 15 –
Battle of Elbistan: A Mamluk army (some 14,000 men) under Sultan
Baibars marches from
Syria into the Mongol-dominated
Sultanate of Rum and attacks the Mongol occupation force at
Elbistan. Baibars, with at least 10,000 horsemen, defeats and overwhelms the Mongol forces. After the battle, he marches unopposed to
Kayseri in the heart of
Anatolia in triumph and enters the city on
April 23.[8]
Migration of the (Southern)
Song Dynasty: Some 50,000 citizens of the Song Dynasty in
China become the first recorded inhabitants of
Macau, as they seek refuge from the invading armies of the
Yuan Dynasty. They also stay for a short period in
Kowloon (or New Kowloon).[10]
^Geanakoplos, Deno John (1959). Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West, 1258–1282: A Study in Byzantine-Latin Relations, p. 297. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
OCLC101176343.
^Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 148.
ISBN0-304-35730-8.
^Runciman, Steven (1958). The Sicilian Vespers: A History of the Mediterranean World in the Later Thirteenth Century, p. 173. Cambridge University Press.
ISBN978-1-107-60474-2.
^Amitai-Preiss, Reuven (1995). Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Illkhanid War, 1260–1281, p. 174. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
ISBN978-0-521-46226-6.
^Than Tun (1964). Studies in Burmese History (in Burmese). Vol 1. Yangon: Maha Dagon. pp. 136–137.
^Minahan, James B. (2014). Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia, p. 169.
ISBN978-1-61069-017-1.
^Duhem, Pierre (1913). "History of Physics". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^Geanakoplos, Deno John (1959). Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West, 1258–1282: A Study in Byzantine-Latin Relations, p. 276. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
OCLC101176343.
^Markó, László (2006). A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon [Great Officers of State in Hungary from King Saint Stephen to Our Days: A Biographical Encyclopedia (in Hungarian). Helikon Kiadó. p. 356.
ISBN963-547-085-1.
March 19 –
Byzantine–Venetian Treaty: Emperor
Michael VIII (Palaiologos) concludes an agreement with the
Republic of Venice. Stipulating a two-year truce, and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the
Byzantine Empire. Michael keeps the Venetians and their fleet from participating in the attempts of
Charles I, king of
Sicily, to organize an anti-Byzantine crusade, while the Venetians can retain their access to the Byzantine market.[1]
Battle of Pharsalus: Michael VIII (Palaiologos) sends a Byzantine expeditionary army under
John Synadenos to invade
Thessaly. The Byzantines are ambushed and defeated by Greek forces under
John I (Doukas), Latin ruler of Thessaly, near
Pharsalus (or Old Pharsalus). During the battle, Synadenos is captured and
Michael Kaballarios, commander of the Latin mercenaries, dies shortly afterward of his wounds.[2]
Summer –
Uprising of Ivaylo: An uprising under
Ivaylo breaks out in northeastern
Bulgaria against Emperor
Constantine I Tikh to cope with the constant Mongol invasions which devastated the country for years. He confronts and defeats the plundering Mongols, and by autumn all Mongols are driven out of Bulgarian territory. In return, Constantine gathers a small army and tries unsuccessfully to suppress the revolt.
March –
Siger of Brabant, Dutch teacher and philosopher, is condemned by the French
Inquisition for his advocacy of the
Averroist doctrine that reason is separate from Christian faith.[3]
May 12 –
Mehmet I of Karaman, Seljuk vizier, issues a
firman (decree) ordering the Turkish language to be used, instead of Arabic or Persian in government offices.
Roger Bacon, Franciscan friar and
University of Oxford lecturer, is arrested for spreading anti-Church views; specifically, the Church's stance on Greek philosopher
Galen.[7]
Levant
April 15 –
Battle of Elbistan: A Mamluk army (some 14,000 men) under Sultan
Baibars marches from
Syria into the Mongol-dominated
Sultanate of Rum and attacks the Mongol occupation force at
Elbistan. Baibars, with at least 10,000 horsemen, defeats and overwhelms the Mongol forces. After the battle, he marches unopposed to
Kayseri in the heart of
Anatolia in triumph and enters the city on
April 23.[8]
Migration of the (Southern)
Song Dynasty: Some 50,000 citizens of the Song Dynasty in
China become the first recorded inhabitants of
Macau, as they seek refuge from the invading armies of the
Yuan Dynasty. They also stay for a short period in
Kowloon (or New Kowloon).[10]
^Geanakoplos, Deno John (1959). Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West, 1258–1282: A Study in Byzantine-Latin Relations, p. 297. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
OCLC101176343.
^Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 148.
ISBN0-304-35730-8.
^Runciman, Steven (1958). The Sicilian Vespers: A History of the Mediterranean World in the Later Thirteenth Century, p. 173. Cambridge University Press.
ISBN978-1-107-60474-2.
^Amitai-Preiss, Reuven (1995). Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Illkhanid War, 1260–1281, p. 174. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
ISBN978-0-521-46226-6.
^Than Tun (1964). Studies in Burmese History (in Burmese). Vol 1. Yangon: Maha Dagon. pp. 136–137.
^Minahan, James B. (2014). Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia, p. 169.
ISBN978-1-61069-017-1.
^Duhem, Pierre (1913). "History of Physics". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^Geanakoplos, Deno John (1959). Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West, 1258–1282: A Study in Byzantine-Latin Relations, p. 276. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
OCLC101176343.
^Markó, László (2006). A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon [Great Officers of State in Hungary from King Saint Stephen to Our Days: A Biographical Encyclopedia (in Hungarian). Helikon Kiadó. p. 356.
ISBN963-547-085-1.