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in sentences like "he was sent to a prison camp" is it more correct to say "a Gulag" or "the gulag" and should it be capitalized? Elinruby ( talk) 02:35, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
Are there websites or other resources that have translation vocabulary for pre-European scripts of any Native American language of the US (as in wiigwaasabak or petition of the Ojibwe chiefs) and can we reliably translate English text without neologisms to such scripts? 212.180.235.46 ( talk) 11:04, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
3. Is there any Spanish dialect that has a /v/ phoneme?
4. Are there any native non-compound words in Swedish where letter Ä occur more than once? Could e.g. mälä be a native Swedish word by its structure? Why letter Ä is used more in Finnish than Estonian and Swedish?
5. Are there any words in Spanish with letter Ï?
6. Are there any words in Polish with letter combinations sc+ vowel, such as nonsense word scila, cn, kc or cs?
7. Why letter V is not used in native words in Polish?
8. Why letter Y is not used in native words in Estonian, German, Dutch, Italian, Portuguese or Latvian?
-- 40bus ( talk) 20:59, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
At issue is every language changes an awful lot over a millennium. Scripts can also be fairly dynamic. Then "historical and cultural prestige" -- you mean at that time in that place, or now in another place? I suppose obvious examples (~ 7th century origins, so not quite 1500 years) are Arabic and Cyrillic scripts, which several countries have dropped for a Latin script ( Turkey dropped Arabic as well as interesting other cases; former SSRs dropped Cyrillic (note rather that some were forced to adopt Cyrillic from Arabic or Latin in the 20th century).)
Maybe the cleanest example I can think of is the use of Classical Chinese to transcribe Korean, going back millennia. This was replaced by the Hangul alphabetic script beginning in 1443 CE. SamuelRiv ( talk) 22:27, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
I guess Ancient Egyptian language that switched to Coptic script to become Coptic language. -- Error ( talk) 11:23, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
See Wiktionary: créée. -- Jack of Oz [pleasantries] 07:57, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
The same as 26 days ago. -- Error ( talk) 11:38, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
Would bärsärk (inherited from Old Norse) count? GalacticShoe ( talk) 09:08, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
It is possible in poetry, to force a hiatus. Double sharp ( talk) 09:24, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
Yes for at least three of the four you asked about: cnota, scena, kciuk. Double sharp ( talk) 09:29, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
However, ⟨sc⟩ cannot be followed by ⟨i⟩, as in the nonsense word provided. That would have to be read /stɕi/, which is not permitted in the language; ⟨ści⟩ /ɕtɕi/ and ⟨scy⟩ /stsɨ/ are. -- Theurgist ( talk) 23:26, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
Polish orthography is standardized so that /v/ is written using W. It wasn't always that way though. History of Polish orthography goes into more depth, but you can see in the first example table that early on some writers did use the letter V for /v/. It is only in the later orthographies where, although V appears as a letter sometimes, the actual /v/ sound appears to be mostly represented by W. I am unsure as to what led to W specifically, as there is no explicit mention of the /v/ sound in the article, but there is mention that Zaborowski's early 1514–1515 orthography was inspired by Czech, which early on used W for /v/. I would have to confirm, but the section on Czech orthography#History suggests that W was used there for /v/ because the actual letter V was coincident in the Latin alphabet with U, which might be the ultimate reason for W's use in Polish. GalacticShoe ( talk) 07:54, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
See Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Language/2023 November 25#Question 9. Portuguese is derived from Latin, and as far as I know, Latin didn't have a Y either. 2A00:23D0:6EA:DB01:3D32:231E:20A4:4F3F ( talk) 12:54, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
Language desk | ||
---|---|---|
< January 29 | << Dec | January | Feb >> | January 31 > |
Welcome to the Wikipedia Language Reference Desk Archives |
---|
The page you are currently viewing is a transcluded archive page. While you can leave answers for any questions shown below, please ask new questions on one of the current reference desk pages. |
in sentences like "he was sent to a prison camp" is it more correct to say "a Gulag" or "the gulag" and should it be capitalized? Elinruby ( talk) 02:35, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
Are there websites or other resources that have translation vocabulary for pre-European scripts of any Native American language of the US (as in wiigwaasabak or petition of the Ojibwe chiefs) and can we reliably translate English text without neologisms to such scripts? 212.180.235.46 ( talk) 11:04, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
3. Is there any Spanish dialect that has a /v/ phoneme?
4. Are there any native non-compound words in Swedish where letter Ä occur more than once? Could e.g. mälä be a native Swedish word by its structure? Why letter Ä is used more in Finnish than Estonian and Swedish?
5. Are there any words in Spanish with letter Ï?
6. Are there any words in Polish with letter combinations sc+ vowel, such as nonsense word scila, cn, kc or cs?
7. Why letter V is not used in native words in Polish?
8. Why letter Y is not used in native words in Estonian, German, Dutch, Italian, Portuguese or Latvian?
-- 40bus ( talk) 20:59, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
At issue is every language changes an awful lot over a millennium. Scripts can also be fairly dynamic. Then "historical and cultural prestige" -- you mean at that time in that place, or now in another place? I suppose obvious examples (~ 7th century origins, so not quite 1500 years) are Arabic and Cyrillic scripts, which several countries have dropped for a Latin script ( Turkey dropped Arabic as well as interesting other cases; former SSRs dropped Cyrillic (note rather that some were forced to adopt Cyrillic from Arabic or Latin in the 20th century).)
Maybe the cleanest example I can think of is the use of Classical Chinese to transcribe Korean, going back millennia. This was replaced by the Hangul alphabetic script beginning in 1443 CE. SamuelRiv ( talk) 22:27, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
I guess Ancient Egyptian language that switched to Coptic script to become Coptic language. -- Error ( talk) 11:23, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
See Wiktionary: créée. -- Jack of Oz [pleasantries] 07:57, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
The same as 26 days ago. -- Error ( talk) 11:38, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
Would bärsärk (inherited from Old Norse) count? GalacticShoe ( talk) 09:08, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
It is possible in poetry, to force a hiatus. Double sharp ( talk) 09:24, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
Yes for at least three of the four you asked about: cnota, scena, kciuk. Double sharp ( talk) 09:29, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
However, ⟨sc⟩ cannot be followed by ⟨i⟩, as in the nonsense word provided. That would have to be read /stɕi/, which is not permitted in the language; ⟨ści⟩ /ɕtɕi/ and ⟨scy⟩ /stsɨ/ are. -- Theurgist ( talk) 23:26, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
Polish orthography is standardized so that /v/ is written using W. It wasn't always that way though. History of Polish orthography goes into more depth, but you can see in the first example table that early on some writers did use the letter V for /v/. It is only in the later orthographies where, although V appears as a letter sometimes, the actual /v/ sound appears to be mostly represented by W. I am unsure as to what led to W specifically, as there is no explicit mention of the /v/ sound in the article, but there is mention that Zaborowski's early 1514–1515 orthography was inspired by Czech, which early on used W for /v/. I would have to confirm, but the section on Czech orthography#History suggests that W was used there for /v/ because the actual letter V was coincident in the Latin alphabet with U, which might be the ultimate reason for W's use in Polish. GalacticShoe ( talk) 07:54, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
See Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Language/2023 November 25#Question 9. Portuguese is derived from Latin, and as far as I know, Latin didn't have a Y either. 2A00:23D0:6EA:DB01:3D32:231E:20A4:4F3F ( talk) 12:54, 31 January 2024 (UTC)