Urolithins are microflora metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives, such as ellagitannins. [1] They are produced in the gut, and found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide after absorption of ellagitannins-containing foods, such as pomegranate. [2] During intestinal metabolism by bacteria, ellagitannins and punicalagins are converted to urolithins, which have unknown biological activity in vivo.[ medical citation needed]
Ellagitannins exhibit low bioavailability and are transformed in the gut to ellagic acid and its microbiota metabolites.[ medical citation needed] Urolithins are found in plasma mostly as glucuronides at low concentrations. [3] Urolithins production is dependent on the gut microbiome enterotype. Individuals producing urolithins show a much higher abundance of the Clostridium leptum group of Firmicutes phylum than Bacteroides or Prevotella.[ medical citation needed] [4]
catabolic intermediates:
Urolithins are microflora metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives, such as ellagitannins. [1] They are produced in the gut, and found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide after absorption of ellagitannins-containing foods, such as pomegranate. [2] During intestinal metabolism by bacteria, ellagitannins and punicalagins are converted to urolithins, which have unknown biological activity in vivo.[ medical citation needed]
Ellagitannins exhibit low bioavailability and are transformed in the gut to ellagic acid and its microbiota metabolites.[ medical citation needed] Urolithins are found in plasma mostly as glucuronides at low concentrations. [3] Urolithins production is dependent on the gut microbiome enterotype. Individuals producing urolithins show a much higher abundance of the Clostridium leptum group of Firmicutes phylum than Bacteroides or Prevotella.[ medical citation needed] [4]
catabolic intermediates: