The pomegranate ellagitannins, which include
punicalagin isomers, are
ellagitannins found in the
sarcotestas, rind (peel), bark or heartwood of the
pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum).
Chemistry
As the chemistry of punicalagins became known it was found to be not unique to pomegranate. Punicalagins are present in numerous species of the genus Terminalia, species chebula Retz. ("Fructus Chebulae"), myriocarpa, catappa and
citrina (tropical flowering trees historically used in African traditional medicine for antibiotic and antifungal purposes). They have also been isolated from Cistus salvifolius[1][2] (a Mediterranean shrub) and Combretum molle (an African shrub).[3]
Pomegranate fruits natural phenols can be extracted with
ethyl acetate and fractionation can afford the ellagitannin punicalagins.[4]
Dietary supplementation
A few
dietary supplements and nutritional ingredients are available that contain extracts of whole pomegranate and/or are standardized to punicalagins, the marker compound of pomegranate. Extracts of pomegranate are also
'Generally Recognized As Safe' (GRAS) by the United States.[citation needed]
^Barrajón-Catalán, Enrique; Fernández-Arroyo, Salvador; Roldán, Cristina; Guillén, Emilio; Saura, Domingo; Segura-Carretero, Antonio; Micol, Vicente (2011). "A systematic study of the polyphenolic composition of aqueous extracts deriving from several Cistus genus species: Evolutionary relationship". Phytochemical Analysis. 22 (4): 303–12.
Bibcode:
2011PChAn..22..303B.
doi:
10.1002/pca.1281.
PMID21259376.
^Saracini, E.; Tattini, M.; Traversi, M. L.; Vincieri, F. F.; Pinelli, P. (2005). "Simultaneous LC-DAD and LC-MS Determination of Ellagitannins, Flavonoid Glycosides, and Acyl-Glycosyl Flavonoids in Cistus salvifolius L. Leaves". Chromatographia. 62 (5–6): 245.
doi:
10.1365/s10337-005-0623-7.
S2CID93426386.
^Asres, K.; Bucar, F.; Knauder, E.; Yardley, V.; Kendrick, H.; Croft, S. L. (2001). "In vitro antiprotozoal activity of extract and compounds from the stem bark of Combretum molle". Phytotherapy Research. 15 (7): 613–7.
doi:
10.1002/ptr.897.
PMID11746844.
S2CID24511496.
The pomegranate ellagitannins, which include
punicalagin isomers, are
ellagitannins found in the
sarcotestas, rind (peel), bark or heartwood of the
pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum).
Chemistry
As the chemistry of punicalagins became known it was found to be not unique to pomegranate. Punicalagins are present in numerous species of the genus Terminalia, species chebula Retz. ("Fructus Chebulae"), myriocarpa, catappa and
citrina (tropical flowering trees historically used in African traditional medicine for antibiotic and antifungal purposes). They have also been isolated from Cistus salvifolius[1][2] (a Mediterranean shrub) and Combretum molle (an African shrub).[3]
Pomegranate fruits natural phenols can be extracted with
ethyl acetate and fractionation can afford the ellagitannin punicalagins.[4]
Dietary supplementation
A few
dietary supplements and nutritional ingredients are available that contain extracts of whole pomegranate and/or are standardized to punicalagins, the marker compound of pomegranate. Extracts of pomegranate are also
'Generally Recognized As Safe' (GRAS) by the United States.[citation needed]
^Barrajón-Catalán, Enrique; Fernández-Arroyo, Salvador; Roldán, Cristina; Guillén, Emilio; Saura, Domingo; Segura-Carretero, Antonio; Micol, Vicente (2011). "A systematic study of the polyphenolic composition of aqueous extracts deriving from several Cistus genus species: Evolutionary relationship". Phytochemical Analysis. 22 (4): 303–12.
Bibcode:
2011PChAn..22..303B.
doi:
10.1002/pca.1281.
PMID21259376.
^Saracini, E.; Tattini, M.; Traversi, M. L.; Vincieri, F. F.; Pinelli, P. (2005). "Simultaneous LC-DAD and LC-MS Determination of Ellagitannins, Flavonoid Glycosides, and Acyl-Glycosyl Flavonoids in Cistus salvifolius L. Leaves". Chromatographia. 62 (5–6): 245.
doi:
10.1365/s10337-005-0623-7.
S2CID93426386.
^Asres, K.; Bucar, F.; Knauder, E.; Yardley, V.; Kendrick, H.; Croft, S. L. (2001). "In vitro antiprotozoal activity of extract and compounds from the stem bark of Combretum molle". Phytotherapy Research. 15 (7): 613–7.
doi:
10.1002/ptr.897.
PMID11746844.
S2CID24511496.