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In the lead of this article, in the third sentence of first paragraph, there is a footnote that states, “The Government of India also regards Afghanistan as a bordering country, as it considers all of Kashmir to be part of India. However, this is disputed, and the region bordering Afghanistan is administered by Pakistan.” Then further, once again in the lead, the following text is present: “It [India] has disputes over Kashmir with its neighbours, Pakistan and China, unresolved since the mid-20th century.” This is repetitive mention of essentially the same thing. Moreover, the wikipedia articles for both Pakistan and China do not mention the dispute in the lead, and only mention it in footnotes in the lead similar to the footnote here. Only India’s wikipedia article mentions the dispute separately from the footnotes (thus mentioning the dispute twice within the lead). I don’t see a reason for mentioning it twice and it seems to be a case of WP:LEADFIX. Therefore, I suggest that the footnote be kept, but the mention in the lead separately from the footnote be deleted to maintain neutrality, since such mentions do not appear in the wikipedia articles of the other countries involved in this dispute (ie Pakistan and China), and to remove undue attention given to it by mentioning it two times while no other territorial dispute is mentioned. Pankykh ( talk) 22:57, 20 October 2021 (UTC)
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103.218.133.243 ( talk) 11:48, 6 November 2021 (UTC)
{{Democrat Republic of India}}
Something really off about the photos in this article.-- 2605:8D80:562:584A:5172:E069:D9B7:F424 ( talk) 12:58, 13 November 2021 (UTC)
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The Republic of India came into existence on 26 January 1950, the day when constitution was adopted by the Indian government and declared the nation to be a republic. Although the nation was granted independence from British on 15 August 1947, the official status of India changed from a British Colony to a independent British Dominion. The Dominion of India existed from 15 August 1947 to 26 January 1950. The Prime Minister of Dominion of India, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, continued to be the Prime Minister of Republic of India. Itsbeddy ( talk) 05:50, 15 November 2021 (UTC)
/info/en/?search=Dominion_of_India Itsbeddy ( talk) 05:50, 15 November 2021 (UTC)
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ENCYCLOBOYS ( talk) 12:09, 17 November 2021 (UTC)
Sir or maam please paste real indian map.
User:Fowler&fowler I have reverted you edit and have removed the image. I think the image is more appropriate for Mid-Day Meal Scheme than education because that's what is the image is about. And 'Jai Bhim' is often used by political parties and groups to entice Dalits. Don't we have something better? Akshaypatill ( talk) 04:02, 19 November 2021 (UTC)
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driving side in India is right not left, please correct it 2405:201:400A:4235:2D09:239E:4FEB:265F ( talk) 19:20, 22 November 2021 (UTC)
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The name of India should be given in Hindi in Devanagari script, not just Romanization, as is done with other countries, and given that Devanagari is the official script for Hindi in India (see sources at Hindi). They are, respectively, भारत for India and भारत गणराज्य for Republic of India. WittyWidi ( talk) 01:31, 8 November 2021 (UTC)
Make seperate sub-sections for Sport & Edu, I saw many articles about countries who have separate sections for Sports & Education then why this article doesn't have ? Look article about USA, England and Australia have separate sub-sections for sports, Education, culture and if seperate sub-sections created it'll be easier to navigate such a long article. Newton Euro ( talk) 09:43, 4 December 2021 (UTC)
The photos of this article looks outdated and they're looking like taken long time ago, which is not truly represent developing India. The article showing people playing games on street, this situation not represent whole India. Why no photos of big 7 star hotels like Taj in it, no image or mention about IT park of Banglore. We have world class facilities but the images are showing India is poor and backward nation, which is not true. I suggest editors to add high quality images, which show current India. Newton Euro ( talk) 09:49, 4 December 2021 (UTC)
Most of the images are from backward areas of North india. a punjabi man sitting in a image, what is the need of this image? The man sitting on street, really that image represent North India. Why no image of Ladakh, clothing of Kashmir, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram Newton Euro ( talk) 09:56, 4 December 2021 (UTC)
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I want to edit this page to include all the state and union territories capitals because users have to go to the states individual page to know that state's capital which I think should not happen. Lakshya14 ( talk) 08:10, 6 December 2021 (UTC)
Request to add the name of the country in the Devanāgarī script: भारत गणराज्य. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.120.12.219 ( talk) 12:27, 11 December 2021 (UTC)
"and the most populous democracy in the world." What is the point of this statement? Obviously a statement like this (implying China isn't a democracy) is politically sensitive and disputable, which is why I find it to have no place in a seemingly unrelated Wikipedia article. Request to remove this statement. 83.86.184.48 ( talk) 21:36, 11 December 2021 (UTC)
Kashmir is part of India. Wikipedia did not take the map from the correct source. Please use https://www.surveyofindia.gov.in/pages/political-map-of-india and download the correct map. And publish the correct current map.
"Area controlled by India shown in dark green; regions claimed but not controlled shown in light green" This information is incorrect. Please correct it immediately. Thank you!- Archanaa Ananda (archanaa1961@gmail.com) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Archanaa1961 ( talk • contribs) 05:45, 14 December 2021 (UTC)
British took over from "Marhatta" Maratha not Mughals pls update this. 2405:201:D000:8063:2D7D:6F6D:DCF4:BAD0 ( talk) 07:11, 17 December 2021 (UTC)
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change "After initially cordial relations with neighbouring China, India went to war with China in 1962, and was widely thought to have been humiliated to Despite initial warm relations with India, China invaded India in 1962" Omnibeing ( talk) 18:16, 23 December 2021 (UTC)
The previously mentioned point was not even-handed Omnibeing ( talk) 18:18, 23 December 2021 (UTC)
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ScottishFinnishRadish (
talk) 18:29, 23 December 2021 (UTC)Is there a way to make the pictures all normal size. They are completely overbearing in some sections.-- 2605:8D80:545:5B3D:15E9:6056:5D5A:13A3 ( talk) 14:59, 28 December 2021 (UTC)
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It would look good if you add the name of the country with their Devanagari writing script in Hindi: भारत गणराज्य like how it is with other country 2601:81:4080:9C10:3D03:CC17:97F0:3410 ( talk) 02:28, 29 December 2021 (UTC)
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ScottishFinnishRadish (
talk) 02:33, 29 December 2021 (UTC)From the article:
Current text:
After initially cordial relations with neighbouring China, India went to war with China in 1962, and was widely thought to have been humiliated.
I was going through the edit history and noticed someone tried to replace the text in italics with "which it lost", but the change was reverted by another editor. I understand this is a Featured Article and therefore I want to gain consensus before making any unilateral changes.
Facts:
Proposed change:
After initially cordial relations with neighbouring China, relations between contemporary China and India have been characterised by border disputes, resulting in military conflicts – the Sino-Indian War of 1962, the border clashes in Sikkim in 1967, the 1987 Sumdorong Chu standoff, the 2013 Depsang standoff, and the 2020-2021 skirmishes.
NebulaOblongata ( talk) 08:14, 29 December 2021 (UTC)
Another pattern leading to conflict in 1962 (in which India was humiliated by contrast with her wars with Pakistan) was the deterioration of her relationship with China, which was increasingly a major power in Asia and the world after the 1949 Communist revolution. Nehru had placed his hopes for peace with China on five principles of peace negotiated in 1955; these included non-aggression and non-interference in each other's internal affairs, as well as respect for each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity. But war broke out over the control of disputed areas on India's north-east border. India's armed forces were shown up to be woefully unprepared: she was only saved from further humiliation by China's unilateral cease-fire.Theat is Judith M. Brown writing. I'm sure I can round up more sources in short order. Fowler&fowler «Talk» 19:49, 29 December 2021 (UTC)
Obviously the war had some trigger. Better to give it some geographical context, if not a political one. Fowler&fowler «Talk» 19:59, 29 December 2021 (UTC)After cordial relations between India and China through most of the 1950s, war broke out between the two countries over the control of disputed areas in India's northeastern border, leading to a defeat for India in which she/it was widely thought to have been humiliated.
I would like to point out that the historical political maps of India (of the Mauryan, Gupta, Mughal empires etc.) are absurdly outdated. They give undue importance to seemingly random places (for instance, Lalitapatan (modern Lalitpur) in Nepal or Srinagar in Kashmir are not even documented during the Mauryan empire, which is even more weird given the fact that known and documented large settlements are not mentioned (the lower Gangetic Valley had most of the large cities in South Asia in that period.) Kashmir wasn't ever documented in that period as a separate geographical region with that name, much less a polity deserving a separate mention, over and above the well known and documented Central Asian Hellenic and Iranic kingdoms
From where comes the impression that we are so immensely sure of Gupta era politics to have a an entire area so confidently (and arbitrarily) labelled as "Protectet(sic) Tribes?"
Similarly, a completely random piece of land in Kathiawar is marked off separately in the Mughal Empire map with no labelling whatsoever. The southernmost region is anachronistically (for a map of 1605) labelled "Polygars."
This, with the ample typos, antiquated spelling, bad labelling accuracy etc. gives the reader a peculiar view of Indian political history (-ical geography?) that is inconsistent with the present day understanding of it.
I would suggest just replacing these with maps from the respective Wikipedia pages, to make Wikipedia internally more consistent, and avoid spreading spread misinformation (that's too strong a word, but yes) through a Featured Article.
I'm not giving any references, too much work, but ik I'm right(ish), please check Wikipedia pages on the individual polities to verify my claims.
If the editors still feel my concern is a load of trash, they may kindly ignore this rant. 49.207.194.44 ( talk) 13:12, 26 December 2021 (UTC)
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India´s offcial language is not Hindi. What about other states who cannot speak Hinidi ? 2001:8A0:6C9D:D500:3165:604D:C704:1621 ( talk) 09:36, 13 January 2022 (UTC)
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Remove the part about the "largest democracy in the world," while it is true, it's mostly political rhetoric and sort of relevant. For similar reasons, we don't say in China's article that it is the "world's largest autocracy."
Essentially, the claim that it is the world's largest democracy, while it is true, violates wikipedia's neutrality policy since it is political rhetoric used by India to portray itself to the outside world. Cahmad25 ( talk) 19:20, 14 January 2022 (UTC)
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ScottishFinnishRadish (
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Hello, can you please include a seperate page of army and science and technology ? And in case of science and technology, there would be scientific achievements of India and there would be writings about ISRO. Thank you ! 2409:4060:38B:6C91:6451:DCA:9DB9:6AA4 ( talk) 07:11, 11 January 2022 (UTC)
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I want to add a image of lotus(Nelumbo Nucifera) as a national flower. Lotus is one of the national symbols of India. Mahaveer Indra ( talk) 04:01, 23 January 2022 (UTC)
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This article claims that Netaji and not Gandhi ji helped India get freedom but is it a reliable source? If it is, please add the sentence, "Netaji and not Gandhi ji helped India get freedom" to the lead just after where it says, "A pioneering and influential nationalist movement emerged, which was noted for nonviolent resistance and became the major factor in ending British rule".- 115.96.180.5 ( talk) 13:41, 24 January 2022 (UTC)
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In Sport section You should edit starting line of the section like this "Even though the Hockey is the National Game of India with a record of 6 consecutive gold medals in Olympic Cricket is most popular" Business lnk ( talk) 15:46, 28 January 2022 (UTC)
References
{{
cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (
link)
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2405:201:A405:308E:EC5D:128B:E45C:A006 ( talk) 19:19, 29 January 2022 (UTC)
Can you open edit option for 5 minutes
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Update Gini 2011 value from 35.7 to Gini 2019 50.0
Reference:- https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2019/05/28/countries-with-the-widest-gaps-between-rich-and-poor/39510157/#:~:text=Gini%20coefficient%3A%200.50 Mitshubansal ( talk) 10:26, 25 January 2022 (UTC)
Could you please add other historical dates instead of just 'Independence from UK' in the description box? Like, the Mahajanapadas. Greece keeps the information of the Ancient Greece, why can't we have Ancient India? The description box suggests that India as an entity was founded in 1947. 2409:4042:2619:F042:0:0:2112:20A5 ( talk) 12:16, 5 February 2022 (UTC)
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Pls add Template:Too many photos till size problem is fixed.-- 204.237.0.91 ( talk) 00:02, 9 February 2022 (UTC)
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion:
You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. — Community Tech bot ( talk) 16:52, 11 February 2022 (UTC)
@ Dhtwiki: About this reversion, can you please explain why is not better to add archives to citations beforehand? Wouldn't it be difficult to archive the sources later? Also, is there an automated way to archive large numbers of websites for later use as credible sources? — CrafterNova [ TALK ] [ CONT ] 05:40, 12 February 2022 (UTC)
India's boundary extends in the areas you have marked in the clickable map as claimed by India and the government has control over those areas so please edit it — Preceding unsigned comment added by 180.94.32.141 ( talk) 15:38, 20 February 2022 (UTC)
Princely States were not part of India after the Partition, for example, Kashmir, Baroda, Hyderabad, and The Kingdom of Mysore is another example.These Princely States were sovereign until India unified. (1961) There are credible websites to talk about this, So, India was not split into two, but many others. Goa was seceded into the India in 1961, as it was freed by the Portuguese. Note that there were many more Princely States, all combined,565 Princely States and Thousands of Jagirs and Zamindari Estates. Links: /info/en/?search=Princely_state , and, /info/en/?search=History_of_Goa , Topic: “Independence Movement.” Signed, EditorWiki121 ( talk) 22:10, 25 February 2022 (UTC).
It should be elaborate widely to make humans mindset towards humanity . 27.56.254.210 ( talk) 18:45, 28 February 2022 (UTC)
Sa driving side is right 42.111.10.253 ( talk) 14:25, 7 March 2022 (UTC)
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India is now the 5 th largest economy with around 3.25 trillion and UK is the 6 largest economy with 3.1 trillion but it's not yet updated in the wikipedia of both india and uk Pro3999 ( talk) 21:12, 5 March 2022 (UTC)
Add information regarding Kashmir in it. 49.206.59.117 ( talk) 11:33, 22 March 2022 (UTC)
Map of Jammu & Kashmir is very ambiguous in map of India, Pakistan and China displayed on pages of these countries. J&K is an integral part of India but so disputed part cannot be shown as full part of Pakistan or China. 171.76.253.248 ( talk) 13:21, 14 March 2022 (UTC)
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The Maratha Empire article says, "The Marathas are credited for ending Mughal Rule over most of the Indian subcontinent", so should that sentence not be added to this article?- 115.96.180.5 ( talk) 13:51, 24 January 2022 (UTC)
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ScottishFinnishRadish (
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Kautilya 03
The academic sources are already found in the maratha article
That Statment exists because it's already proven in the maratha article. Making a separate case will only lead to the same result. Why are people on this article so darn conservative. This article
Is more of a mockery of India rather than a info article
Odinson878 (
talk) 16:26, 2 March 2022 (UTC) (strike off sock —
DaxServer (
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Use Devanagari script for 'Bharat Ganrajya' as भारत गणराज्य >> Republic of India भारत गणराज्य (Hindi) Titanx114 ( talk) 02:15, 2 April 2022 (UTC)
Please add pictures and content related to famous temples Srirangam, Badrinath , Dwarka and Puri Aravind108 ( talk) 20:17, 8 April 2022 (UTC)
Hi editors, this article received an FAR notice in November 2020. Unfortunately, I cannot find the notice in the archives, so I do not know what the follow-up discussion was like. However, I am hoping to get some of your subject-expert opinions on if this article still meets the featured article criteria. I am aware that India is a popular topic on Wikipedia and can sometimes be disruptive (hence the Arbitration Notice at the top of the talk page) so I'm hoping that this discussion will remain focused on created the best version of this article, even if editors disagree on what should and should not be included. Ultimately, the goal is to get a consensus on whether the article meets the FA criteria, or if it should proceed with an FAR.
I've looked at the original notice, skimmed through the article, and want to highlight some of my concerns below:
These are problems I discovered upon a skim, and not after a deep dive. Overall, I think this is a well-researched article and it just needs some sprucing up. Are editors interested in addressing these concerns, and eventually withdrawing the notice? Z1720 ( talk) 01:33, 1 April 2022 (UTC)
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There is a change needed in the population data given because this page is still using 2018 population estimates when the 2021 population estimates have already been released by the UN and UIDAI. RayAdvait ( talk) 14:22, 10 April 2022 (UTC)
The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
"But were also marked by declining status of women and untouchability"
Can we please remove line
There s no authentic source to back this Statment
It's just a propaganda
Caste and untouchability are medieval creations
Not ancient
Even the sources stat that
Please change it.
Odinson878 (
talk) 10:34, 7 February 2022 (UTC)
@fowler&fowler
"Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity,[37] but also marked by the declining status of women,[38] and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief".
First this phrase is unnecessary
Second
"As for untouchability, the ancient, long-lasting and uniquely Indian form of stratification and exclusion, its been around since the Indo-Aryans began to deforest the Ganges plain, ca 500 BCE. "
The so called sources
Literally claim
That
The caste system is a late medieval system and the modern system is mainly derived from the zaminadei system in the 18th century.
Besides you have a history of defaming
India
By specifically only mentioning
read the citation and footnote. Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund.
Other scholars refuted that Statment multiple times
Here s a statement from the
caste article."
Varna, as mentioned in ancient Hindu texts, describes society as divided into four categories:
Brahmins (scholars and yajna priests),
Kshatriyas (rulers and warriors),
Vaishyas (farmers, merchants and artisans) and
Shudras (tribals/workmen/service providers). The texts do not mention any hierarchy or a separate, untouchable category in
Varna classifications. Scholars believe that the Varnas system was never truly operational in society and there is no evidence of it ever being a reality in Indian history. The practical division of the society had always been in terms of Jatis (birth groups), which are not based on any specific religious principle, but could vary from ethnic origins to occupations to geographic areas. The Jātis have been endogamous social groups without any fixed hierarchy but subject to vague notions of rank articulated over time based on lifestyle and social, political or economic status. Many of India's major empires and dynasties like the Mauryas,
[1] Shalivahanas,
[2]"
Your bias is clear.
You vandalize every Indian page and you usually add horrible stereotypes about Indian people on Indian articles by using those two sources, yes the only two while the other hundred sources debunk it. Please have some shame.
Odinson878 (
talk) 16:02, 2 March 2022 (UTC)
https://www.epw.in/journal/2011/33/special-articles/census-colonial-india-and-birth-caste.html
Odinson878 (
talk) 16:16, 2 March 2022 (UTC)
Here s another phrase from the same caste article.
Starting with the
1901 Census of India led by colonial administrator
Herbert Hope Risley, all the jātis were grouped under the theoretical varnas categories.
[3] According to political scientist
Lloyd Rudolph, Risley believed that varna, however ancient, could be applied to all the modern castes found in India, and "[he] meant to identify and place several hundred million Indians within it."
[4] In an effort to arrange various castes in order of precedence functional grouping was based less on the occupation that prevailed in each case in the present day than on that which was traditional with it, or which gave rise to its differentiation from the rest of the community. "This action virtually removed Indians from the progress of history and condemned them to an unchanging position and place in time. In one sense, it is rather ironic that the British, who continually accused the Indian people of having a static society, should then impose a construct that denied progress."
[5] The terms varna (conceptual classification based on occupation) and jāti (groups) are two distinct concepts: while varna is a theoretical four-part division, jāti (community) refers to the thousands of actual endogamous social groups prevalent across the subcontinent. The classical authors scarcely speak of anything other than the varnas, as it provided a convenient shorthand; but a problem arises when colonial Indologists sometimes confuse the two.
[6]
Odinson878 (
talk) 17:03, 3 March 2022 (UTC)odinson878
(strike off sock —
DaxServer (
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Would even reply??
Odinson878 (
talk) 17:00, 3 March 2022 (UTC)
This adding into the first lines is not really needed this creates propoganda because most people read the first few lines we can add this information on later half of the article . — Preceding unsigned comment added by Saha86830 ( talk • contribs) 11:09, 16 April 2022 (UTC)
References
The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
"The Mughal Empire, in 1526, ushered in two centuries of relative peace,[46] leaving a legacy of luminous architecture"
This phrase is horribly over simplified.
The mughal period was an era of never ending conquests against
The rajputs, sikhs, matathas and other foreign powers like Persians.
It wasn't peaceful at all
Aurangzeb s critics argue that his ruthlessness and religious bigotry made him unsuitable to rule the mixed population of his empire. Some critics assert that the persecution of
Shias,
Sufis and non-Muslims to impose practices of orthodox Islamic state, such as imposition of sharia and
jizya religious tax on non-Muslims, doubling of custom duties on Hindus while abolishing it for Muslims, executions of Muslims and non-Muslims alike, and destruction of temples eventually led to numerous rebellions.
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6] G. N. Moin Shakir and Sarma Festschrift argue that he often used political opposition as pretext for religious persecution,
[4] and that, as a result, groups of
Jats,
Marathas,
Sikhs,
Satnamis and
Pashtuns rose against him.
[7]
[4]
[8]
Odinson878 (
talk) 17:21, 3 March 2022 (UTC)odinson878 (strike off sock —
DaxServer (
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References
Edwardes1930
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
Gradually expanding rule of the British East India Company followed, turning India into a colonial economy, but also consolidating its sovereignty.[48] British Crown rule began in 1858. The rights promised to Indians were granted slowly,[49][50] but technological changes were introduced, and ideas of education, modernity and the public life took root.[51]
This is completely wrong!
Odinson878 (
talk) 16:28, 2 March 2022 (UTC)
Here s another proof (strike off sock —
DaxServer (
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The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
"Company official John Sullivan observed in the 1840s: 'The little court disappears - the capital decays - trade languishes - the capital decays - the people are impoverished - the Englishman flourishes, and acts like a sponge, drawing up riches from the banks of the Ganges, and squeezing them down upon the banks of the Thames'. India that the British East India Company conquered was no primitive or barren land, but the glittering jewel of the medieval world. Its accomplishments and prosperity - 'the wealth created by vast and varied industries' - were succinctly described by a Yorkshire-born American Unitarian minister, J. T. Sunderland. At the beginning of eighteenth century, as the British economic historian Angus Maddison has demonstrated, India's share of world economy was 23 per cent, as large as all of Europe put together. By the time the British departed India, it had dropped to just over 3 per cent. The reason was simple: India was governed for the benefit of Britain. Britain's rise for 200 years was financed by its depredation in India."
From 1 century CE till the start of British colonisation in India in 17th century, India's GDP always varied between
~25 - 35% world's total GDP
[2] -larger than all of Europe combined,
[1] which dropped to
2% by the time British departed India in 1947 with
Independence of India.
[3] At the same time, the United Kingdom's share of the world economy rose from 2.9% in 1700 up to 9% in 1870 alone.
[4]
[5]
[6] As
Shashi Tharoor explains, "The reason is simple: India was governed for the benefit of Britain. Britain's rise for 200 years was financed by its depredation of India."
[1] The British East India Company had forced open the large Indian market to British goods, which could be sold in India without
tariffs or
duties, compared to local Indian producers who were heavily taxed, while in Britain
protectionist policies such as bans and high tariffs were implemented to restrict Indian textiles from being sold there, whereas raw cotton was imported from India without tariffs to British factories which manufactured textiles from Indian cotton and sold them back to the Indian market. British economic policies gave them a monopoly over India's large market and cotton resources.
[4]
[5]
[6] India served as both a significant supplier of raw goods to British manufacturers and a large
captive market for British manufactured goods.
[7] British set about systematically destroying India's textile manufacturing and exports, replacing those with manufactured in England using Indian raw material and exported finished textile to India and the rest of the world, adding insult to in jury. This led to first ever great deindustrialisation in the history. British were ruthless who stopped paying in British Pound and Sterling, instead they used taxes raised from the colonised Indians to pay for the raw material bought from India at a monopolised extremely low price, this creating a vast global monopoly on Indian textile trade.
[1]
Under British rule, India's share of the world economy declined from 24.4% in 1700 down to 4.2% in 1950. India's GDP (PPP) per capita was stagnant during the
Mughal Empire and began to decline prior to the onset of British rule.
[8] India's share of global industrial output declined from 25% in 1750 down to 2% in 1900.
[3]
Contemporary historian Rajat Kanta Roy argues the economy established by the British in the 18th century was a form of plunder and a catastrophe for the traditional economy of
Mughal India, depleting food and money stocks and imposing high taxes that helped cause the
famine of 1770, which killed one-third of the people of
Bengal.
[9]
William Digby estimated that from 1870–1900 £900 million was transferred from India.
[10] In the seventeenth century, India was a relatively urbanised and commercialised nation with a buoyant export trade, devoted largely to cotton textiles, but also including silk, spices, and rice. India was the world's main producer of cotton textiles and had a substantial export trade to Britain, as well as many other European countries, via the East India Company. After the British victory over the Mughal Empire (Battle of Buxar, 1764) India was deindustrialized by successive EIC, British and colonial policies (see Calico Act above).
The EIC's opium business was hugely exploitative and ended up impoverishing Indian peasants. Poppy was cultivated against a substantial loss to over 1.3 million peasants that cultivated it in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
[11]
[12]
Several historians point to the colonization of India as a major factor in both India's deindustrialization and Britain's Industrial Revolution. British colonization forced open the large Indian market to British goods, which could be sold in India without any tariffs or duties, compared to local Indian producers who were heavily taxed.
citation needed In Britain protectionist policies such as bans and high tariffs were implemented to restrict Indian textiles from being sold there, whereas raw cotton was imported from India without tariffs to British factories which manufactured textiles. British economic policies gave them a monopoly over India's large market and raw materials such as cotton. India served as both a significant supplier of raw goods to British manufacturers and a large captive market for British manufactured goods.
citation needed
In contrast, historian
Niall Ferguson argues that under British rule, the village economy's total after-tax income rose from 27% to 54% (the sector represented three quarters of the entire population)
[13] and that the British had invested £270 million in Indian infrastructure, irrigation and industry by the 1880s (representing one-fifth of entire British investment overseas) and by 1914 that figure had reached £400 million. He also argues that the British increased the area of irrigated land by a factor of one-eight, contrasting with 5% under the Mughals.
[13]
The subject of the economic impact of British imperialism on India remains disputable. The issue was raised by British
Whig politician
Edmund Burke who in 1778 began a seven-year
impeachment trial against
Warren Hastings and the
East India Company on charges including mismanagement of the Indian economy.
P. J. Marshall argues the British regime did not make any sharp break with the traditional economy and control was largely left in the hands of regional rulers. The economy was sustained by general conditions of prosperity through the latter part of the 18th century, except the frequent
famines with high fatality rates. Marshall notes the British raised revenue through local tax administrators and kept the old Mughal rates of taxation. Marshall also contends the British managed this primarily indigenous-controlled economy through cooperation with Indian elites.
[14]
Odinson878 (
talk) 16:32, 2 March 2022 (UTC) (strike off sock —
DaxServer (
t ·
m ·
c) 15:58, 29 March 2022 (UTC))
References
Perhaps we can add a historical empire like in egypt, sri lanka, or china's wikipedia page. An empire that unified most of india like the mauryans — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dogeimations ( talk • contribs) 15:48, 14 April 2022 (UTC)
Almost every major country has a section called “formation” in its info box. For example, China starts with “first pre-imperial dynasty” 2070 BCE. Russia as Kievan Rus in 970, including USSR in recent history. This entire section is missing from India’s page which is strange because the geographic entity of Bharat or India has existed for several millennia. The existing section with single item about independence from United Kingdom is more appropriately suited to “republic of India” article instead. 207.96.92.232 ( talk) 20:37, 15 April 2022 (UTC)
This is an archive of past discussions. Do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the current talk page. |
Archive 50 | ← | Archive 52 | Archive 53 | Archive 54 | Archive 55 | Archive 56 | → | Archive 58 |
In the lead of this article, in the third sentence of first paragraph, there is a footnote that states, “The Government of India also regards Afghanistan as a bordering country, as it considers all of Kashmir to be part of India. However, this is disputed, and the region bordering Afghanistan is administered by Pakistan.” Then further, once again in the lead, the following text is present: “It [India] has disputes over Kashmir with its neighbours, Pakistan and China, unresolved since the mid-20th century.” This is repetitive mention of essentially the same thing. Moreover, the wikipedia articles for both Pakistan and China do not mention the dispute in the lead, and only mention it in footnotes in the lead similar to the footnote here. Only India’s wikipedia article mentions the dispute separately from the footnotes (thus mentioning the dispute twice within the lead). I don’t see a reason for mentioning it twice and it seems to be a case of WP:LEADFIX. Therefore, I suggest that the footnote be kept, but the mention in the lead separately from the footnote be deleted to maintain neutrality, since such mentions do not appear in the wikipedia articles of the other countries involved in this dispute (ie Pakistan and China), and to remove undue attention given to it by mentioning it two times while no other territorial dispute is mentioned. Pankykh ( talk) 22:57, 20 October 2021 (UTC)
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103.218.133.243 ( talk) 11:48, 6 November 2021 (UTC)
{{Democrat Republic of India}}
Something really off about the photos in this article.-- 2605:8D80:562:584A:5172:E069:D9B7:F424 ( talk) 12:58, 13 November 2021 (UTC)
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The Republic of India came into existence on 26 January 1950, the day when constitution was adopted by the Indian government and declared the nation to be a republic. Although the nation was granted independence from British on 15 August 1947, the official status of India changed from a British Colony to a independent British Dominion. The Dominion of India existed from 15 August 1947 to 26 January 1950. The Prime Minister of Dominion of India, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, continued to be the Prime Minister of Republic of India. Itsbeddy ( talk) 05:50, 15 November 2021 (UTC)
/info/en/?search=Dominion_of_India Itsbeddy ( talk) 05:50, 15 November 2021 (UTC)
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ENCYCLOBOYS ( talk) 12:09, 17 November 2021 (UTC)
Sir or maam please paste real indian map.
User:Fowler&fowler I have reverted you edit and have removed the image. I think the image is more appropriate for Mid-Day Meal Scheme than education because that's what is the image is about. And 'Jai Bhim' is often used by political parties and groups to entice Dalits. Don't we have something better? Akshaypatill ( talk) 04:02, 19 November 2021 (UTC)
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driving side in India is right not left, please correct it 2405:201:400A:4235:2D09:239E:4FEB:265F ( talk) 19:20, 22 November 2021 (UTC)
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The name of India should be given in Hindi in Devanagari script, not just Romanization, as is done with other countries, and given that Devanagari is the official script for Hindi in India (see sources at Hindi). They are, respectively, भारत for India and भारत गणराज्य for Republic of India. WittyWidi ( talk) 01:31, 8 November 2021 (UTC)
Make seperate sub-sections for Sport & Edu, I saw many articles about countries who have separate sections for Sports & Education then why this article doesn't have ? Look article about USA, England and Australia have separate sub-sections for sports, Education, culture and if seperate sub-sections created it'll be easier to navigate such a long article. Newton Euro ( talk) 09:43, 4 December 2021 (UTC)
The photos of this article looks outdated and they're looking like taken long time ago, which is not truly represent developing India. The article showing people playing games on street, this situation not represent whole India. Why no photos of big 7 star hotels like Taj in it, no image or mention about IT park of Banglore. We have world class facilities but the images are showing India is poor and backward nation, which is not true. I suggest editors to add high quality images, which show current India. Newton Euro ( talk) 09:49, 4 December 2021 (UTC)
Most of the images are from backward areas of North india. a punjabi man sitting in a image, what is the need of this image? The man sitting on street, really that image represent North India. Why no image of Ladakh, clothing of Kashmir, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram Newton Euro ( talk) 09:56, 4 December 2021 (UTC)
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I want to edit this page to include all the state and union territories capitals because users have to go to the states individual page to know that state's capital which I think should not happen. Lakshya14 ( talk) 08:10, 6 December 2021 (UTC)
Request to add the name of the country in the Devanāgarī script: भारत गणराज्य. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.120.12.219 ( talk) 12:27, 11 December 2021 (UTC)
"and the most populous democracy in the world." What is the point of this statement? Obviously a statement like this (implying China isn't a democracy) is politically sensitive and disputable, which is why I find it to have no place in a seemingly unrelated Wikipedia article. Request to remove this statement. 83.86.184.48 ( talk) 21:36, 11 December 2021 (UTC)
Kashmir is part of India. Wikipedia did not take the map from the correct source. Please use https://www.surveyofindia.gov.in/pages/political-map-of-india and download the correct map. And publish the correct current map.
"Area controlled by India shown in dark green; regions claimed but not controlled shown in light green" This information is incorrect. Please correct it immediately. Thank you!- Archanaa Ananda (archanaa1961@gmail.com) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Archanaa1961 ( talk • contribs) 05:45, 14 December 2021 (UTC)
British took over from "Marhatta" Maratha not Mughals pls update this. 2405:201:D000:8063:2D7D:6F6D:DCF4:BAD0 ( talk) 07:11, 17 December 2021 (UTC)
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change "After initially cordial relations with neighbouring China, India went to war with China in 1962, and was widely thought to have been humiliated to Despite initial warm relations with India, China invaded India in 1962" Omnibeing ( talk) 18:16, 23 December 2021 (UTC)
The previously mentioned point was not even-handed Omnibeing ( talk) 18:18, 23 December 2021 (UTC)
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ScottishFinnishRadish (
talk) 18:29, 23 December 2021 (UTC)Is there a way to make the pictures all normal size. They are completely overbearing in some sections.-- 2605:8D80:545:5B3D:15E9:6056:5D5A:13A3 ( talk) 14:59, 28 December 2021 (UTC)
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It would look good if you add the name of the country with their Devanagari writing script in Hindi: भारत गणराज्य like how it is with other country 2601:81:4080:9C10:3D03:CC17:97F0:3410 ( talk) 02:28, 29 December 2021 (UTC)
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ScottishFinnishRadish (
talk) 02:33, 29 December 2021 (UTC)From the article:
Current text:
After initially cordial relations with neighbouring China, India went to war with China in 1962, and was widely thought to have been humiliated.
I was going through the edit history and noticed someone tried to replace the text in italics with "which it lost", but the change was reverted by another editor. I understand this is a Featured Article and therefore I want to gain consensus before making any unilateral changes.
Facts:
Proposed change:
After initially cordial relations with neighbouring China, relations between contemporary China and India have been characterised by border disputes, resulting in military conflicts – the Sino-Indian War of 1962, the border clashes in Sikkim in 1967, the 1987 Sumdorong Chu standoff, the 2013 Depsang standoff, and the 2020-2021 skirmishes.
NebulaOblongata ( talk) 08:14, 29 December 2021 (UTC)
Another pattern leading to conflict in 1962 (in which India was humiliated by contrast with her wars with Pakistan) was the deterioration of her relationship with China, which was increasingly a major power in Asia and the world after the 1949 Communist revolution. Nehru had placed his hopes for peace with China on five principles of peace negotiated in 1955; these included non-aggression and non-interference in each other's internal affairs, as well as respect for each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity. But war broke out over the control of disputed areas on India's north-east border. India's armed forces were shown up to be woefully unprepared: she was only saved from further humiliation by China's unilateral cease-fire.Theat is Judith M. Brown writing. I'm sure I can round up more sources in short order. Fowler&fowler «Talk» 19:49, 29 December 2021 (UTC)
Obviously the war had some trigger. Better to give it some geographical context, if not a political one. Fowler&fowler «Talk» 19:59, 29 December 2021 (UTC)After cordial relations between India and China through most of the 1950s, war broke out between the two countries over the control of disputed areas in India's northeastern border, leading to a defeat for India in which she/it was widely thought to have been humiliated.
I would like to point out that the historical political maps of India (of the Mauryan, Gupta, Mughal empires etc.) are absurdly outdated. They give undue importance to seemingly random places (for instance, Lalitapatan (modern Lalitpur) in Nepal or Srinagar in Kashmir are not even documented during the Mauryan empire, which is even more weird given the fact that known and documented large settlements are not mentioned (the lower Gangetic Valley had most of the large cities in South Asia in that period.) Kashmir wasn't ever documented in that period as a separate geographical region with that name, much less a polity deserving a separate mention, over and above the well known and documented Central Asian Hellenic and Iranic kingdoms
From where comes the impression that we are so immensely sure of Gupta era politics to have a an entire area so confidently (and arbitrarily) labelled as "Protectet(sic) Tribes?"
Similarly, a completely random piece of land in Kathiawar is marked off separately in the Mughal Empire map with no labelling whatsoever. The southernmost region is anachronistically (for a map of 1605) labelled "Polygars."
This, with the ample typos, antiquated spelling, bad labelling accuracy etc. gives the reader a peculiar view of Indian political history (-ical geography?) that is inconsistent with the present day understanding of it.
I would suggest just replacing these with maps from the respective Wikipedia pages, to make Wikipedia internally more consistent, and avoid spreading spread misinformation (that's too strong a word, but yes) through a Featured Article.
I'm not giving any references, too much work, but ik I'm right(ish), please check Wikipedia pages on the individual polities to verify my claims.
If the editors still feel my concern is a load of trash, they may kindly ignore this rant. 49.207.194.44 ( talk) 13:12, 26 December 2021 (UTC)
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India´s offcial language is not Hindi. What about other states who cannot speak Hinidi ? 2001:8A0:6C9D:D500:3165:604D:C704:1621 ( talk) 09:36, 13 January 2022 (UTC)
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Remove the part about the "largest democracy in the world," while it is true, it's mostly political rhetoric and sort of relevant. For similar reasons, we don't say in China's article that it is the "world's largest autocracy."
Essentially, the claim that it is the world's largest democracy, while it is true, violates wikipedia's neutrality policy since it is political rhetoric used by India to portray itself to the outside world. Cahmad25 ( talk) 19:20, 14 January 2022 (UTC)
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Hello, can you please include a seperate page of army and science and technology ? And in case of science and technology, there would be scientific achievements of India and there would be writings about ISRO. Thank you ! 2409:4060:38B:6C91:6451:DCA:9DB9:6AA4 ( talk) 07:11, 11 January 2022 (UTC)
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I want to add a image of lotus(Nelumbo Nucifera) as a national flower. Lotus is one of the national symbols of India. Mahaveer Indra ( talk) 04:01, 23 January 2022 (UTC)
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This article claims that Netaji and not Gandhi ji helped India get freedom but is it a reliable source? If it is, please add the sentence, "Netaji and not Gandhi ji helped India get freedom" to the lead just after where it says, "A pioneering and influential nationalist movement emerged, which was noted for nonviolent resistance and became the major factor in ending British rule".- 115.96.180.5 ( talk) 13:41, 24 January 2022 (UTC)
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In Sport section You should edit starting line of the section like this "Even though the Hockey is the National Game of India with a record of 6 consecutive gold medals in Olympic Cricket is most popular" Business lnk ( talk) 15:46, 28 January 2022 (UTC)
References
{{
cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (
link)
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2405:201:A405:308E:EC5D:128B:E45C:A006 ( talk) 19:19, 29 January 2022 (UTC)
Can you open edit option for 5 minutes
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Update Gini 2011 value from 35.7 to Gini 2019 50.0
Reference:- https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2019/05/28/countries-with-the-widest-gaps-between-rich-and-poor/39510157/#:~:text=Gini%20coefficient%3A%200.50 Mitshubansal ( talk) 10:26, 25 January 2022 (UTC)
Could you please add other historical dates instead of just 'Independence from UK' in the description box? Like, the Mahajanapadas. Greece keeps the information of the Ancient Greece, why can't we have Ancient India? The description box suggests that India as an entity was founded in 1947. 2409:4042:2619:F042:0:0:2112:20A5 ( talk) 12:16, 5 February 2022 (UTC)
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Pls add Template:Too many photos till size problem is fixed.-- 204.237.0.91 ( talk) 00:02, 9 February 2022 (UTC)
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion:
You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. — Community Tech bot ( talk) 16:52, 11 February 2022 (UTC)
@ Dhtwiki: About this reversion, can you please explain why is not better to add archives to citations beforehand? Wouldn't it be difficult to archive the sources later? Also, is there an automated way to archive large numbers of websites for later use as credible sources? — CrafterNova [ TALK ] [ CONT ] 05:40, 12 February 2022 (UTC)
India's boundary extends in the areas you have marked in the clickable map as claimed by India and the government has control over those areas so please edit it — Preceding unsigned comment added by 180.94.32.141 ( talk) 15:38, 20 February 2022 (UTC)
Princely States were not part of India after the Partition, for example, Kashmir, Baroda, Hyderabad, and The Kingdom of Mysore is another example.These Princely States were sovereign until India unified. (1961) There are credible websites to talk about this, So, India was not split into two, but many others. Goa was seceded into the India in 1961, as it was freed by the Portuguese. Note that there were many more Princely States, all combined,565 Princely States and Thousands of Jagirs and Zamindari Estates. Links: /info/en/?search=Princely_state , and, /info/en/?search=History_of_Goa , Topic: “Independence Movement.” Signed, EditorWiki121 ( talk) 22:10, 25 February 2022 (UTC).
It should be elaborate widely to make humans mindset towards humanity . 27.56.254.210 ( talk) 18:45, 28 February 2022 (UTC)
Sa driving side is right 42.111.10.253 ( talk) 14:25, 7 March 2022 (UTC)
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India is now the 5 th largest economy with around 3.25 trillion and UK is the 6 largest economy with 3.1 trillion but it's not yet updated in the wikipedia of both india and uk Pro3999 ( talk) 21:12, 5 March 2022 (UTC)
Add information regarding Kashmir in it. 49.206.59.117 ( talk) 11:33, 22 March 2022 (UTC)
Map of Jammu & Kashmir is very ambiguous in map of India, Pakistan and China displayed on pages of these countries. J&K is an integral part of India but so disputed part cannot be shown as full part of Pakistan or China. 171.76.253.248 ( talk) 13:21, 14 March 2022 (UTC)
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The Maratha Empire article says, "The Marathas are credited for ending Mughal Rule over most of the Indian subcontinent", so should that sentence not be added to this article?- 115.96.180.5 ( talk) 13:51, 24 January 2022 (UTC)
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ScottishFinnishRadish (
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Kautilya 03
The academic sources are already found in the maratha article
That Statment exists because it's already proven in the maratha article. Making a separate case will only lead to the same result. Why are people on this article so darn conservative. This article
Is more of a mockery of India rather than a info article
Odinson878 (
talk) 16:26, 2 March 2022 (UTC) (strike off sock —
DaxServer (
t ·
m ·
c) 15:58, 29 March 2022 (UTC))
Use Devanagari script for 'Bharat Ganrajya' as भारत गणराज्य >> Republic of India भारत गणराज्य (Hindi) Titanx114 ( talk) 02:15, 2 April 2022 (UTC)
Please add pictures and content related to famous temples Srirangam, Badrinath , Dwarka and Puri Aravind108 ( talk) 20:17, 8 April 2022 (UTC)
Hi editors, this article received an FAR notice in November 2020. Unfortunately, I cannot find the notice in the archives, so I do not know what the follow-up discussion was like. However, I am hoping to get some of your subject-expert opinions on if this article still meets the featured article criteria. I am aware that India is a popular topic on Wikipedia and can sometimes be disruptive (hence the Arbitration Notice at the top of the talk page) so I'm hoping that this discussion will remain focused on created the best version of this article, even if editors disagree on what should and should not be included. Ultimately, the goal is to get a consensus on whether the article meets the FA criteria, or if it should proceed with an FAR.
I've looked at the original notice, skimmed through the article, and want to highlight some of my concerns below:
These are problems I discovered upon a skim, and not after a deep dive. Overall, I think this is a well-researched article and it just needs some sprucing up. Are editors interested in addressing these concerns, and eventually withdrawing the notice? Z1720 ( talk) 01:33, 1 April 2022 (UTC)
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There is a change needed in the population data given because this page is still using 2018 population estimates when the 2021 population estimates have already been released by the UN and UIDAI. RayAdvait ( talk) 14:22, 10 April 2022 (UTC)
The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
"But were also marked by declining status of women and untouchability"
Can we please remove line
There s no authentic source to back this Statment
It's just a propaganda
Caste and untouchability are medieval creations
Not ancient
Even the sources stat that
Please change it.
Odinson878 (
talk) 10:34, 7 February 2022 (UTC)
@fowler&fowler
"Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity,[37] but also marked by the declining status of women,[38] and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief".
First this phrase is unnecessary
Second
"As for untouchability, the ancient, long-lasting and uniquely Indian form of stratification and exclusion, its been around since the Indo-Aryans began to deforest the Ganges plain, ca 500 BCE. "
The so called sources
Literally claim
That
The caste system is a late medieval system and the modern system is mainly derived from the zaminadei system in the 18th century.
Besides you have a history of defaming
India
By specifically only mentioning
read the citation and footnote. Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund.
Other scholars refuted that Statment multiple times
Here s a statement from the
caste article."
Varna, as mentioned in ancient Hindu texts, describes society as divided into four categories:
Brahmins (scholars and yajna priests),
Kshatriyas (rulers and warriors),
Vaishyas (farmers, merchants and artisans) and
Shudras (tribals/workmen/service providers). The texts do not mention any hierarchy or a separate, untouchable category in
Varna classifications. Scholars believe that the Varnas system was never truly operational in society and there is no evidence of it ever being a reality in Indian history. The practical division of the society had always been in terms of Jatis (birth groups), which are not based on any specific religious principle, but could vary from ethnic origins to occupations to geographic areas. The Jātis have been endogamous social groups without any fixed hierarchy but subject to vague notions of rank articulated over time based on lifestyle and social, political or economic status. Many of India's major empires and dynasties like the Mauryas,
[1] Shalivahanas,
[2]"
Your bias is clear.
You vandalize every Indian page and you usually add horrible stereotypes about Indian people on Indian articles by using those two sources, yes the only two while the other hundred sources debunk it. Please have some shame.
Odinson878 (
talk) 16:02, 2 March 2022 (UTC)
https://www.epw.in/journal/2011/33/special-articles/census-colonial-india-and-birth-caste.html
Odinson878 (
talk) 16:16, 2 March 2022 (UTC)
Here s another phrase from the same caste article.
Starting with the
1901 Census of India led by colonial administrator
Herbert Hope Risley, all the jātis were grouped under the theoretical varnas categories.
[3] According to political scientist
Lloyd Rudolph, Risley believed that varna, however ancient, could be applied to all the modern castes found in India, and "[he] meant to identify and place several hundred million Indians within it."
[4] In an effort to arrange various castes in order of precedence functional grouping was based less on the occupation that prevailed in each case in the present day than on that which was traditional with it, or which gave rise to its differentiation from the rest of the community. "This action virtually removed Indians from the progress of history and condemned them to an unchanging position and place in time. In one sense, it is rather ironic that the British, who continually accused the Indian people of having a static society, should then impose a construct that denied progress."
[5] The terms varna (conceptual classification based on occupation) and jāti (groups) are two distinct concepts: while varna is a theoretical four-part division, jāti (community) refers to the thousands of actual endogamous social groups prevalent across the subcontinent. The classical authors scarcely speak of anything other than the varnas, as it provided a convenient shorthand; but a problem arises when colonial Indologists sometimes confuse the two.
[6]
Odinson878 (
talk) 17:03, 3 March 2022 (UTC)odinson878
(strike off sock —
DaxServer (
t ·
m ·
c) 15:58, 29 March 2022 (UTC))
Would even reply??
Odinson878 (
talk) 17:00, 3 March 2022 (UTC)
This adding into the first lines is not really needed this creates propoganda because most people read the first few lines we can add this information on later half of the article . — Preceding unsigned comment added by Saha86830 ( talk • contribs) 11:09, 16 April 2022 (UTC)
References
The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
"The Mughal Empire, in 1526, ushered in two centuries of relative peace,[46] leaving a legacy of luminous architecture"
This phrase is horribly over simplified.
The mughal period was an era of never ending conquests against
The rajputs, sikhs, matathas and other foreign powers like Persians.
It wasn't peaceful at all
Aurangzeb s critics argue that his ruthlessness and religious bigotry made him unsuitable to rule the mixed population of his empire. Some critics assert that the persecution of
Shias,
Sufis and non-Muslims to impose practices of orthodox Islamic state, such as imposition of sharia and
jizya religious tax on non-Muslims, doubling of custom duties on Hindus while abolishing it for Muslims, executions of Muslims and non-Muslims alike, and destruction of temples eventually led to numerous rebellions.
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6] G. N. Moin Shakir and Sarma Festschrift argue that he often used political opposition as pretext for religious persecution,
[4] and that, as a result, groups of
Jats,
Marathas,
Sikhs,
Satnamis and
Pashtuns rose against him.
[7]
[4]
[8]
Odinson878 (
talk) 17:21, 3 March 2022 (UTC)odinson878 (strike off sock —
DaxServer (
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References
Edwardes1930
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
Gradually expanding rule of the British East India Company followed, turning India into a colonial economy, but also consolidating its sovereignty.[48] British Crown rule began in 1858. The rights promised to Indians were granted slowly,[49][50] but technological changes were introduced, and ideas of education, modernity and the public life took root.[51]
This is completely wrong!
Odinson878 (
talk) 16:28, 2 March 2022 (UTC)
Here s another proof (strike off sock —
DaxServer (
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The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
"Company official John Sullivan observed in the 1840s: 'The little court disappears - the capital decays - trade languishes - the capital decays - the people are impoverished - the Englishman flourishes, and acts like a sponge, drawing up riches from the banks of the Ganges, and squeezing them down upon the banks of the Thames'. India that the British East India Company conquered was no primitive or barren land, but the glittering jewel of the medieval world. Its accomplishments and prosperity - 'the wealth created by vast and varied industries' - were succinctly described by a Yorkshire-born American Unitarian minister, J. T. Sunderland. At the beginning of eighteenth century, as the British economic historian Angus Maddison has demonstrated, India's share of world economy was 23 per cent, as large as all of Europe put together. By the time the British departed India, it had dropped to just over 3 per cent. The reason was simple: India was governed for the benefit of Britain. Britain's rise for 200 years was financed by its depredation in India."
From 1 century CE till the start of British colonisation in India in 17th century, India's GDP always varied between
~25 - 35% world's total GDP
[2] -larger than all of Europe combined,
[1] which dropped to
2% by the time British departed India in 1947 with
Independence of India.
[3] At the same time, the United Kingdom's share of the world economy rose from 2.9% in 1700 up to 9% in 1870 alone.
[4]
[5]
[6] As
Shashi Tharoor explains, "The reason is simple: India was governed for the benefit of Britain. Britain's rise for 200 years was financed by its depredation of India."
[1] The British East India Company had forced open the large Indian market to British goods, which could be sold in India without
tariffs or
duties, compared to local Indian producers who were heavily taxed, while in Britain
protectionist policies such as bans and high tariffs were implemented to restrict Indian textiles from being sold there, whereas raw cotton was imported from India without tariffs to British factories which manufactured textiles from Indian cotton and sold them back to the Indian market. British economic policies gave them a monopoly over India's large market and cotton resources.
[4]
[5]
[6] India served as both a significant supplier of raw goods to British manufacturers and a large
captive market for British manufactured goods.
[7] British set about systematically destroying India's textile manufacturing and exports, replacing those with manufactured in England using Indian raw material and exported finished textile to India and the rest of the world, adding insult to in jury. This led to first ever great deindustrialisation in the history. British were ruthless who stopped paying in British Pound and Sterling, instead they used taxes raised from the colonised Indians to pay for the raw material bought from India at a monopolised extremely low price, this creating a vast global monopoly on Indian textile trade.
[1]
Under British rule, India's share of the world economy declined from 24.4% in 1700 down to 4.2% in 1950. India's GDP (PPP) per capita was stagnant during the
Mughal Empire and began to decline prior to the onset of British rule.
[8] India's share of global industrial output declined from 25% in 1750 down to 2% in 1900.
[3]
Contemporary historian Rajat Kanta Roy argues the economy established by the British in the 18th century was a form of plunder and a catastrophe for the traditional economy of
Mughal India, depleting food and money stocks and imposing high taxes that helped cause the
famine of 1770, which killed one-third of the people of
Bengal.
[9]
William Digby estimated that from 1870–1900 £900 million was transferred from India.
[10] In the seventeenth century, India was a relatively urbanised and commercialised nation with a buoyant export trade, devoted largely to cotton textiles, but also including silk, spices, and rice. India was the world's main producer of cotton textiles and had a substantial export trade to Britain, as well as many other European countries, via the East India Company. After the British victory over the Mughal Empire (Battle of Buxar, 1764) India was deindustrialized by successive EIC, British and colonial policies (see Calico Act above).
The EIC's opium business was hugely exploitative and ended up impoverishing Indian peasants. Poppy was cultivated against a substantial loss to over 1.3 million peasants that cultivated it in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
[11]
[12]
Several historians point to the colonization of India as a major factor in both India's deindustrialization and Britain's Industrial Revolution. British colonization forced open the large Indian market to British goods, which could be sold in India without any tariffs or duties, compared to local Indian producers who were heavily taxed.
citation needed In Britain protectionist policies such as bans and high tariffs were implemented to restrict Indian textiles from being sold there, whereas raw cotton was imported from India without tariffs to British factories which manufactured textiles. British economic policies gave them a monopoly over India's large market and raw materials such as cotton. India served as both a significant supplier of raw goods to British manufacturers and a large captive market for British manufactured goods.
citation needed
In contrast, historian
Niall Ferguson argues that under British rule, the village economy's total after-tax income rose from 27% to 54% (the sector represented three quarters of the entire population)
[13] and that the British had invested £270 million in Indian infrastructure, irrigation and industry by the 1880s (representing one-fifth of entire British investment overseas) and by 1914 that figure had reached £400 million. He also argues that the British increased the area of irrigated land by a factor of one-eight, contrasting with 5% under the Mughals.
[13]
The subject of the economic impact of British imperialism on India remains disputable. The issue was raised by British
Whig politician
Edmund Burke who in 1778 began a seven-year
impeachment trial against
Warren Hastings and the
East India Company on charges including mismanagement of the Indian economy.
P. J. Marshall argues the British regime did not make any sharp break with the traditional economy and control was largely left in the hands of regional rulers. The economy was sustained by general conditions of prosperity through the latter part of the 18th century, except the frequent
famines with high fatality rates. Marshall notes the British raised revenue through local tax administrators and kept the old Mughal rates of taxation. Marshall also contends the British managed this primarily indigenous-controlled economy through cooperation with Indian elites.
[14]
Odinson878 (
talk) 16:32, 2 March 2022 (UTC) (strike off sock —
DaxServer (
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References
Perhaps we can add a historical empire like in egypt, sri lanka, or china's wikipedia page. An empire that unified most of india like the mauryans — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dogeimations ( talk • contribs) 15:48, 14 April 2022 (UTC)
Almost every major country has a section called “formation” in its info box. For example, China starts with “first pre-imperial dynasty” 2070 BCE. Russia as Kievan Rus in 970, including USSR in recent history. This entire section is missing from India’s page which is strange because the geographic entity of Bharat or India has existed for several millennia. The existing section with single item about independence from United Kingdom is more appropriately suited to “republic of India” article instead. 207.96.92.232 ( talk) 20:37, 15 April 2022 (UTC)