This article is rated Start-class on Wikipedia's
content assessment scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
This article seems to be little more than minimally-sourced (the portions regarding the Center itself are sourced only to their own website) fluff. Additionally, the "recovery" terminology may be considered offensive. I have removed the claim that ABA is "scientifically-proven", as it is not cited, and I do not see that terminology either on Wikipedia's own article on the subject or even the Center's website. However, it seems to me that even with this removal the article is far from being fixed. MaxHarmony ( talk) 17:52, 7 June 2011 (UTC)
I agree with MaxHarmony. There is no information on the page that is not also on the page for the documentary except that it was sold to BlackRock and their results were doubted by Bolte. The pages should be combined at the very least, and possibly neither should exist on account of notability. Gershonmk ( talk) 00:21, 5 February 2021 (UTC)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 2 external links on Center for Autism and Related Disorders. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at {{
Sourcecheck}}
).
This message was posted before February 2018.
After February 2018, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by InternetArchiveBot. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than
regular verification using the archive tool instructions below. Editors
have permission to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the
RfC before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template {{
source check}}
(last update: 18 January 2022).
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot ( Report bug) 03:40, 18 November 2016 (UTC)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 2 external links on Center for Autism and Related Disorders. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.
This message was posted before February 2018.
After February 2018, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by InternetArchiveBot. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than
regular verification using the archive tool instructions below. Editors
have permission to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the
RfC before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template {{
source check}}
(last update: 18 January 2022).
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot ( Report bug) 22:16, 1 August 2017 (UTC)
Most of this article's original content has been removed by editors who claim copyright infringement. The article is now a small shell compared to earlier versions. Whether CARD therapy is valid or not, CARD, in business for 20+ years, played an important role in the history of Autism treatment. Further CARD continues to play a substantial role in Autism treatment. Therefore I believe removing most content from this article is unfortunate.
My edits were claimed to be vandalism, but I attest that my intentions were honorable and intended to serve readers who want to know what CARD is and what role it played in this history of Autism treatment. Further, the source references I added, including the Los Angeles Times, were removed. I believe the Los Angeles Times source material was relevant to CARDs role and historical significance. Since I have no desire to be banned from Wikipedia, I'll refrain from getting involved in a contentious debate. I plan no further edits to the CARD article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by MarsTrombone ( talk • contribs) 17:22, 21 March 2022 (UTC)
For the record, since one editor has accused me of both vandalism and conflict-of-interest. This accusation is distasteful. I edit a lot of articles. I only took an interest in CARD because I have relatives with Autism. However I'm not employed by CARD nor do I have any financial or any other association business or otherwise with CARD or any related entities. I believe CARD serves a useful purpose in treating Autism, but further CARD has historical relevance since CARD is one of the very first Autism treatment providers. Further CARD provides evidence-based care and is endorsed by numerous government and private organizations. MarsTrombone ( talk) 01:21, 15 May 2022 (UTC)
User:GordonGlottal, in your edit summary for this edit, you wrote to User:MarsTrombone "I spent months leaving warnings on your talk page, to no response". For the record, you left two warnings on MarsTrombone's talk page within 24 hours, and that's it, unless you mean to say that MarsTrombone had previously been editing under another account. Can you clarify? Largoplazo ( talk) 22:00, 16 May 2022 (UTC)
I suggest we review each and every sentence. Starting with the first three sentences:
The Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Inc. (CARD) is among the largest autism treatment organizations in the world. Founded in 1990 by Doreen Granpeesheh, CARD provides a range of services for children and adults on the autism spectrum. These services include home-based, early intensive behavioral interventions based on the principles of applied behavior analysis (ABA), as well as diagnostic and psychological assessments. [1] [2]
The LA Times article validates that CARD was founded in 1990 by Granpeesheh. However the LA Times articles was written in 2011, so it is dated for current research. But it confirms that Granpeesheh did found CARD and that CARD provides autism services to children. The Behavioral Health Business (BHB) article is much more in-depth. The sentence states "is among the largest". But the BHB article actually claims CARD is the largest "currently the largest autism treatment provider in the world, with 235 locations across 27 states. But the 30-year-old company wasn’t always the behemoth that it is today." The third sentence is accurate based on the source material.
Are there any objections to the opening paragraph? MarsTrombone ( talk) 09:56, 17 May 2022 (UTC)
Edit requests are requests for edits to be made to a page where editors cannot or should not make the proposed edits themselves. Is your request specific? Any edit request must be accompanied by a detailed and specific description of what changes need to be made. Clearly indicate which sections or phrases should be replaced or added to, and what they should be replaced with or have added. Examples: Change X to Y; Insert X after/before Y; Remove X. See some sample edit requests that demonstrate how to be specific and detailed in your edit requests.
References
The article says Granpeesheh is CEO, which is the latest information available from reliable sources. However, press releases by CARD and other primary statements show Anthony Kilgore served in this role from 2019-2022, until he was replaced by Jennifer Webster this past February:
I suggest including this information in this article. IMO the company can be trusted to accurately name its own leadership even if this information has not been included in a source which is considered generally reliable.
Suggested language: ". . . Granpeesheh remained the CEO until December 2019, when she was replaced by Anthony Kilgore and moved into the role of executive director. In February 2022, Kilgore resigned for undisclosed reasons and was replaced by Jennifer Webster." GordonGlottal ( talk) 17:50, 17 May 2022 (UTC)
However, methodological shortcomings in the ABA study designs and risk of bias, such as the unclear validity of the initial ASD diagnosis and the IQ assessment in the young low-functioning children, statistical regression, lack of comparability of experimental and control groups, and lack of active control groups make it difficult to judge the significance of these findings in terms of recovery from ASD after treatment.
Granpeesheh et al. reviewed the clinical files of 38 children with autism who had participated in ABA trials for whom such optimal outcomes had been reported. Interestingly, the authors confirmed optimal outcomes in those individuals after intensive ABA services. However, methodological shortcomings in the ABA study designs and risk of bias, such as the unclear validity of the initial ASD diagnosis and the IQ assessment in the young low-functioning children, statistical regression, lack of comparability of experimental and control groups, and lack of active control groups make it difficult to judge the significance of these findings in terms of recovery from ASD after treatment.GordonGlottal ( talk) 22:06, 18 May 2022 (UTC)
References
I've been reading the talk page, and the article history to try and get up to speed on the state of the article. In doing so, I have a rather major concern. Is this organisation actually notable? Even when reading the longer version which I agree has major issues, there seems to be a distinct lack of significant secondary source coverage on this organisation. So is this organisation actually notable? Sideswipe9th ( talk) 21:48, 18 May 2022 (UTC)
The following is a set of basic, core facts about CARD. The facts were gathered by carefully reading the references. They are not presented in any particular order and exact wording is not final and when added to the article, references must be added. These facts are not opinions and are neutral POV. To achieve consensus, if there any disagreement, dispute or objections please discuss in this section below. Please give logical rationale and source references for any objections. If any additional facts can be added please list them.
This section is only about basic facts. There may be aspects of ABA treatment of children which are controversial and/or unknown and/or lack scientific research. These should be discussed separately.
(1) As of 2021, CARD is currently the largest autism treatment provider in the world, with 235 clinics across 27 states.
(2) In 1987 as a psychology graduate student Granpeesheh studied under Psychology Professor Ivar Lovaas.
(3) Ivar Lovaas, a pioneer in autism studies, credited with first applying applied behavioral analysis (ABA) to autism treatment.
(4) The principles of ABA are based on operant conditioning psychology principles discovered by B.F.Skinner who is well known by students of psychology.
(5) Before Lovaas's study and the existence of CARD, Autism was considered an untreatable debilitating, severe, lifelong disorder. Before Lovaas and CARD very little research existed on Autism.
(6) In the 1970s Autism was rare with a prevalence of 1 in 15,000 children. Today Autism affects 1 in 58 children.
(7) Increased demand (6) has led to increase in CARDS business.
(8) The Lovaas study on Autism, with participation from Granpeesheh, initially took place in 1979 with severly self-injurious children at the Autism Unit at Camarillo State Hospital with the Young Autism Project sponsered by UCLA. The project involved experimenting with behavioral procedures to find a way to reduce severaly self-injurious behaviors in the clinic's autistic children. The Young Autism Project clinic was the setting of the 1987 seminal study Behavioral Treatment and Normal Educational and Intellectual Functioning in Young Autistic Children (Lovaas, 1987). The study proved children with autism can learn and also can overcome symptoms of autism.
(9) The 1979 ABA study Lovaas (published 1987) did is titled Behavioral Treatment and Normal Educational and Intellectual Functioning in Young Autistic Children. CARD bases it services on this research study.
(10) The 1987 Lovaas study is linked here https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3571656/
(11) In the ABA study, Lovaas and his colleagues and graduaate students developed intensive one-on-one behavioral interventions for children with autism. Those in the test group received 40 hours per week of treatment, along with 10 to 15 hours of home-based intervention led by their parents.
(12) In the ABA study control group, one group lived too far from UCLA and received only 10 hours rather than 40. The second control group received different types of treatment from doctors.
(13) After about two and a half years, researchers found that nearly 50% of the children in the intensive treatment test group “recovered” from their autism symptoms, seeing drastic IQ test score increases and gaining the ability to integrate into the normal educational system.
Comparatively, in the other two control groups, only 2% of children were able to complete first grade on their own.
(14) Aside from proving that ABA works to address Autism symptoms, the study showed that the intensity of ABA treatment mattered. CARD adopts this intensity of treatment in its therapy for children.
(15) Lovaas's ABA approach broke down the basic skills of life into thousands of drills, such as pointing, identifying colors and reading facial expressions. For 40 hours a week on average, the therapists use rewards and punishments, ranging from food treats to slaps on the thigh, to instill those abilities in children between four and eight. CARD adopts this ABA approach.
(16) At UCLA Granpeesheh did graduate work on the seminal ABA study with Lovaas. Granpeesheh studied with Lovaas for 12 years. She attended the university until 1990, obtaining her bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees there.
(17) Granpeesheh used the ABA concepts Lovaas pioneered and Granpeesheh had studied at UCLA to found the CARD company in 1990.
(18) Dr. Granpeesheh created a treatment curriculum for individuals diagnosed with autism described in her book as the CARD® Model. The CARD company, under Grahpeeshel, trained thousands of treatment therapists on this ABA model.
(19) in 1990 CARD was the first and only autism treatment provider in the nation to offer intensive ABA interventions. CARD's first clinic was opened in Encino CA.
(20) From 1990 to 1993 the CARD business grew from 5 children to 25 children.
(21) 1993, the mother of two children Granpeesheh had worked with published a book. Titled Let Me Hear Your Voice and authored by Catherine Maurice, it detailed how the author’s children overcame the symptoms of autism with ABA techniques, and it called out Granpeesheh by name. As a result, demand for CARD's services increased.
(22) In the mid 1990s a group of families formed an internet group named the "ME-List" taking the name from Lovaas book "Teaching Devepmentally Disabled Children - The Me Book" 1981. One parent from this group contacted Granpeesheh and asked CARD to open a clinic in San Jose, CA. The man posted those terms online in an autism chat room.
(23) From 1993 to 2003 CARD opened 10 clinics.
(24) CARD's cost for a child's ABA treatment is $50,000 or more per year.
(25) In 2014, CARD had 1500 families in treatment and employed close to 2,000 employees, including therapists, care coordiantors, case managers and directors.
(26) CARD is the third largest non-governmental organization contributing to autism research in the United States.
(27) PhD Researchers employed by CARD have published 20+ academic papers.
(28) CARD treats individuals with ASD using the principles of applied behavior analysis (ABA), which is empirically proven to be the most effective method for treating individuals with ASD and recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the US Surgeon General.
(29) CARD's treatment of children with autism normally consists of intensive, 40 hour per week treatment, along with 15 hours of parental home-based intervention starting at age four and continuing for two or more years.
(30) Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is a well-established treatment for ASD, which involves the application of behavioral principles to reduce challenging behaviors and promote skill acquisition. CARD primarily provides ABA services to families and children.
(31) The Blackstone Group, a private equity firm, acquired CARD in 2018 for $700 million in equity. Blackstone owns 75% of CARD. Some of CARDs equity was gifted to long-time CARD employees who helpfed found CARD. Granpeeshe retains signficant equity, but plans to retire when CARD reaches 500 to 1000 clinics.
(32) Similar Autism ABA deals: In July, 2021 Cerberus Capital Management has agreed to buy Lighthouse Autism Center from Abry Partners for a reported value of more than $400 million. Based near South Bend, Indiana, Lighthouse provides center-based applied behavioral analysis (ABA) therapy to children ages 2 to 18 out of more than 20 centers across Indiana and Michigan.
(33) CARD defines measurable clinical outcomes of its ABA treatment programs.
(34) CARD defines "Recovery from Autism": the individual no longer displays clinically significant impairments related to autism.
(35) CARD measures "Recovery from Autism" as - The individual scores in the average range or higher on valid standardized tests of intelligence, language, socialization, and daily living skills - The individual is earning passing grades in a regular education classroom, with no specialized supports, whatsoever - The individual is evaluated by a medical doctor or psychologist who is an expert in diagnosing autism, and the clinician’s conclusion is that the individual no longer qualifies for any diagnosis on the autism spectrum
(36) Specializations within ABA treatment for children with ASD include Pivotal Response Treatment, the Early Start Denver Model, Incidental Teching, the Picture Exchange Communication System and The Verbal Behavioral Approach. CARD describes the CARD treatment model as comprehensive and as a customized mix of specialized ABA treatments that meets individual needs of children. — Preceding unsigned comment added by MarsTrombone ( talk • contribs) 20:03, 22 May 2022 (UTC)
I advise you against just waiting 30 days and then making the same edits again, which will lead directly to a much longer block. You have not obtained consensus. Using the expiry of your temporary block to make the same edits for which you were blocked is a surefire way to get non-temporarily blocked.
The section is intended to discuss CARD reference sources.
It is permissible to use the WP:BRD to make forward progress. Wikipedia guidelines advise that in the case of disagreement the disagreeing editor must provide substantive rationale and specifics for their objection.
1. No objections have been raised to the Elsevier's book. Elsevier even has their own Wikipedia article and as a respected publisher they employ fact checkers.
2. GordonGlottal added a reference to Behavioral Health Business. This is a news site specialized to health business, so as a subject matter expert the source is relevant to CARD's business and articles are written by journalist. The site is not flagged as not reliable WP:RS. I believe it is a legitimate source and it has an excellent interview with Granpeesheh
3. The Wall Street Journal is a WP:RS.
4. Los Angeles Times is a WP:RS. It has two good CARD articles including this on CARD.
Multiple books reference and discuss CARD or Granpeesheh: Elsevier and Let Me Hear Your Voice and Lovaas and Handbook of Dual Diagnosis and The Autism Industrial Complex and Ethically Challenged
Are there any substantive specific objections to these sources? MarsTrombone ( talk) 00:48, 29 June 2022 (UTC)
After graduating from UCLA, in 1990 Granpeesheh, at Lovaas suggestion, [1] [2] [1] took over the treatment of children who aged out of the Young Autism Project and used the ABA autism concepts Lovaas pioneered to found an autism treatment clinic in Encino, California named Center for Autism and Related Disorders (CARD) [2] [1]. Initially, CARD was one of the only autism treatment providers to offer intensive early-intevention ABA treatments. [2] [1] From 1990 to 1993 Granpeehseh grew the CARD business from 5 children to 25 children. [1] [2]
In 1993, Catherine Maurice the mother of two children Granpeesheh had worked with published a book titled Let Me Hear Your Voicee. The book detailed how the author’s children overcame the symptoms of autism with ABA techniques, and it called out Granpeesheh by name. As a result of the book, demand for Granpeesheh's autism services increased. [1] [2] [3]
In the mid 1990s a group of families formed an internet group named the "ME-List" taking the name from Lovaas book "Teaching Devepmentally Disabled Children - The Me Book" 1981. One parent from this group contacted Granpeesheh and asked CARD to open a clinic in San Jose, CA. Granpeesheh agreed to open a new clinic if 25 familes would join. The man posted those terms online in an autism chat room on Prodigy and soon after Granpeesheh opened a clinic in San Jose. [1] [2]
From 1993 to 2003 Granpeesheh opened ten more clinics all over the world including London and Australia. [1] [2]
By 2014, Granpeesheh's CARD business had expanded to 1500 families in treatment and employed close to 2,000 employees, including therapists, care coordiantors, case managers and directors. [1] [2]
CARD is now the third largest non-governmental organization contributing to autism research in the United States. Whille employed by CARD, researchers have published numerous academic papers. [1] [2] [4]
The Blackstone Group, a private equity firm, acquired CARD in 2018 for $700 million in equity. Blackstone owns 75% of CARD. Some of CARDs equity was gifted to long-time CARD employees who helpfed found CARD. Granpeeshe retains significant equity, but stated she plans to retire when CARD reaches 500 to 1000 clinics. [5] [6] MarsTrombone ( talk) 04:21, 29 June 2022 (UTC)
References
Advising all engaged editors here @ Largoplazo @ Sideswipe9th @ MaxHarmony @ CatPath that there is an ongoing discussion at the related page Doreen Granpeesheh (founder of CARD) which would benefit from wider input. It is over the inclusion of the following content to the page:
Thanks! GordonGlottal ( talk) 21:37, 30 June 2022 (UTC) GordonGlottal ( talk) 21:37, 30 June 2022 (UTC)
References
This article is rated Start-class on Wikipedia's
content assessment scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
This article seems to be little more than minimally-sourced (the portions regarding the Center itself are sourced only to their own website) fluff. Additionally, the "recovery" terminology may be considered offensive. I have removed the claim that ABA is "scientifically-proven", as it is not cited, and I do not see that terminology either on Wikipedia's own article on the subject or even the Center's website. However, it seems to me that even with this removal the article is far from being fixed. MaxHarmony ( talk) 17:52, 7 June 2011 (UTC)
I agree with MaxHarmony. There is no information on the page that is not also on the page for the documentary except that it was sold to BlackRock and their results were doubted by Bolte. The pages should be combined at the very least, and possibly neither should exist on account of notability. Gershonmk ( talk) 00:21, 5 February 2021 (UTC)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 2 external links on Center for Autism and Related Disorders. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at {{
Sourcecheck}}
).
This message was posted before February 2018.
After February 2018, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by InternetArchiveBot. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than
regular verification using the archive tool instructions below. Editors
have permission to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the
RfC before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template {{
source check}}
(last update: 18 January 2022).
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot ( Report bug) 03:40, 18 November 2016 (UTC)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 2 external links on Center for Autism and Related Disorders. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.
This message was posted before February 2018.
After February 2018, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by InternetArchiveBot. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than
regular verification using the archive tool instructions below. Editors
have permission to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the
RfC before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template {{
source check}}
(last update: 18 January 2022).
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot ( Report bug) 22:16, 1 August 2017 (UTC)
Most of this article's original content has been removed by editors who claim copyright infringement. The article is now a small shell compared to earlier versions. Whether CARD therapy is valid or not, CARD, in business for 20+ years, played an important role in the history of Autism treatment. Further CARD continues to play a substantial role in Autism treatment. Therefore I believe removing most content from this article is unfortunate.
My edits were claimed to be vandalism, but I attest that my intentions were honorable and intended to serve readers who want to know what CARD is and what role it played in this history of Autism treatment. Further, the source references I added, including the Los Angeles Times, were removed. I believe the Los Angeles Times source material was relevant to CARDs role and historical significance. Since I have no desire to be banned from Wikipedia, I'll refrain from getting involved in a contentious debate. I plan no further edits to the CARD article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by MarsTrombone ( talk • contribs) 17:22, 21 March 2022 (UTC)
For the record, since one editor has accused me of both vandalism and conflict-of-interest. This accusation is distasteful. I edit a lot of articles. I only took an interest in CARD because I have relatives with Autism. However I'm not employed by CARD nor do I have any financial or any other association business or otherwise with CARD or any related entities. I believe CARD serves a useful purpose in treating Autism, but further CARD has historical relevance since CARD is one of the very first Autism treatment providers. Further CARD provides evidence-based care and is endorsed by numerous government and private organizations. MarsTrombone ( talk) 01:21, 15 May 2022 (UTC)
User:GordonGlottal, in your edit summary for this edit, you wrote to User:MarsTrombone "I spent months leaving warnings on your talk page, to no response". For the record, you left two warnings on MarsTrombone's talk page within 24 hours, and that's it, unless you mean to say that MarsTrombone had previously been editing under another account. Can you clarify? Largoplazo ( talk) 22:00, 16 May 2022 (UTC)
I suggest we review each and every sentence. Starting with the first three sentences:
The Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Inc. (CARD) is among the largest autism treatment organizations in the world. Founded in 1990 by Doreen Granpeesheh, CARD provides a range of services for children and adults on the autism spectrum. These services include home-based, early intensive behavioral interventions based on the principles of applied behavior analysis (ABA), as well as diagnostic and psychological assessments. [1] [2]
The LA Times article validates that CARD was founded in 1990 by Granpeesheh. However the LA Times articles was written in 2011, so it is dated for current research. But it confirms that Granpeesheh did found CARD and that CARD provides autism services to children. The Behavioral Health Business (BHB) article is much more in-depth. The sentence states "is among the largest". But the BHB article actually claims CARD is the largest "currently the largest autism treatment provider in the world, with 235 locations across 27 states. But the 30-year-old company wasn’t always the behemoth that it is today." The third sentence is accurate based on the source material.
Are there any objections to the opening paragraph? MarsTrombone ( talk) 09:56, 17 May 2022 (UTC)
Edit requests are requests for edits to be made to a page where editors cannot or should not make the proposed edits themselves. Is your request specific? Any edit request must be accompanied by a detailed and specific description of what changes need to be made. Clearly indicate which sections or phrases should be replaced or added to, and what they should be replaced with or have added. Examples: Change X to Y; Insert X after/before Y; Remove X. See some sample edit requests that demonstrate how to be specific and detailed in your edit requests.
References
The article says Granpeesheh is CEO, which is the latest information available from reliable sources. However, press releases by CARD and other primary statements show Anthony Kilgore served in this role from 2019-2022, until he was replaced by Jennifer Webster this past February:
I suggest including this information in this article. IMO the company can be trusted to accurately name its own leadership even if this information has not been included in a source which is considered generally reliable.
Suggested language: ". . . Granpeesheh remained the CEO until December 2019, when she was replaced by Anthony Kilgore and moved into the role of executive director. In February 2022, Kilgore resigned for undisclosed reasons and was replaced by Jennifer Webster." GordonGlottal ( talk) 17:50, 17 May 2022 (UTC)
However, methodological shortcomings in the ABA study designs and risk of bias, such as the unclear validity of the initial ASD diagnosis and the IQ assessment in the young low-functioning children, statistical regression, lack of comparability of experimental and control groups, and lack of active control groups make it difficult to judge the significance of these findings in terms of recovery from ASD after treatment.
Granpeesheh et al. reviewed the clinical files of 38 children with autism who had participated in ABA trials for whom such optimal outcomes had been reported. Interestingly, the authors confirmed optimal outcomes in those individuals after intensive ABA services. However, methodological shortcomings in the ABA study designs and risk of bias, such as the unclear validity of the initial ASD diagnosis and the IQ assessment in the young low-functioning children, statistical regression, lack of comparability of experimental and control groups, and lack of active control groups make it difficult to judge the significance of these findings in terms of recovery from ASD after treatment.GordonGlottal ( talk) 22:06, 18 May 2022 (UTC)
References
I've been reading the talk page, and the article history to try and get up to speed on the state of the article. In doing so, I have a rather major concern. Is this organisation actually notable? Even when reading the longer version which I agree has major issues, there seems to be a distinct lack of significant secondary source coverage on this organisation. So is this organisation actually notable? Sideswipe9th ( talk) 21:48, 18 May 2022 (UTC)
The following is a set of basic, core facts about CARD. The facts were gathered by carefully reading the references. They are not presented in any particular order and exact wording is not final and when added to the article, references must be added. These facts are not opinions and are neutral POV. To achieve consensus, if there any disagreement, dispute or objections please discuss in this section below. Please give logical rationale and source references for any objections. If any additional facts can be added please list them.
This section is only about basic facts. There may be aspects of ABA treatment of children which are controversial and/or unknown and/or lack scientific research. These should be discussed separately.
(1) As of 2021, CARD is currently the largest autism treatment provider in the world, with 235 clinics across 27 states.
(2) In 1987 as a psychology graduate student Granpeesheh studied under Psychology Professor Ivar Lovaas.
(3) Ivar Lovaas, a pioneer in autism studies, credited with first applying applied behavioral analysis (ABA) to autism treatment.
(4) The principles of ABA are based on operant conditioning psychology principles discovered by B.F.Skinner who is well known by students of psychology.
(5) Before Lovaas's study and the existence of CARD, Autism was considered an untreatable debilitating, severe, lifelong disorder. Before Lovaas and CARD very little research existed on Autism.
(6) In the 1970s Autism was rare with a prevalence of 1 in 15,000 children. Today Autism affects 1 in 58 children.
(7) Increased demand (6) has led to increase in CARDS business.
(8) The Lovaas study on Autism, with participation from Granpeesheh, initially took place in 1979 with severly self-injurious children at the Autism Unit at Camarillo State Hospital with the Young Autism Project sponsered by UCLA. The project involved experimenting with behavioral procedures to find a way to reduce severaly self-injurious behaviors in the clinic's autistic children. The Young Autism Project clinic was the setting of the 1987 seminal study Behavioral Treatment and Normal Educational and Intellectual Functioning in Young Autistic Children (Lovaas, 1987). The study proved children with autism can learn and also can overcome symptoms of autism.
(9) The 1979 ABA study Lovaas (published 1987) did is titled Behavioral Treatment and Normal Educational and Intellectual Functioning in Young Autistic Children. CARD bases it services on this research study.
(10) The 1987 Lovaas study is linked here https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3571656/
(11) In the ABA study, Lovaas and his colleagues and graduaate students developed intensive one-on-one behavioral interventions for children with autism. Those in the test group received 40 hours per week of treatment, along with 10 to 15 hours of home-based intervention led by their parents.
(12) In the ABA study control group, one group lived too far from UCLA and received only 10 hours rather than 40. The second control group received different types of treatment from doctors.
(13) After about two and a half years, researchers found that nearly 50% of the children in the intensive treatment test group “recovered” from their autism symptoms, seeing drastic IQ test score increases and gaining the ability to integrate into the normal educational system.
Comparatively, in the other two control groups, only 2% of children were able to complete first grade on their own.
(14) Aside from proving that ABA works to address Autism symptoms, the study showed that the intensity of ABA treatment mattered. CARD adopts this intensity of treatment in its therapy for children.
(15) Lovaas's ABA approach broke down the basic skills of life into thousands of drills, such as pointing, identifying colors and reading facial expressions. For 40 hours a week on average, the therapists use rewards and punishments, ranging from food treats to slaps on the thigh, to instill those abilities in children between four and eight. CARD adopts this ABA approach.
(16) At UCLA Granpeesheh did graduate work on the seminal ABA study with Lovaas. Granpeesheh studied with Lovaas for 12 years. She attended the university until 1990, obtaining her bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees there.
(17) Granpeesheh used the ABA concepts Lovaas pioneered and Granpeesheh had studied at UCLA to found the CARD company in 1990.
(18) Dr. Granpeesheh created a treatment curriculum for individuals diagnosed with autism described in her book as the CARD® Model. The CARD company, under Grahpeeshel, trained thousands of treatment therapists on this ABA model.
(19) in 1990 CARD was the first and only autism treatment provider in the nation to offer intensive ABA interventions. CARD's first clinic was opened in Encino CA.
(20) From 1990 to 1993 the CARD business grew from 5 children to 25 children.
(21) 1993, the mother of two children Granpeesheh had worked with published a book. Titled Let Me Hear Your Voice and authored by Catherine Maurice, it detailed how the author’s children overcame the symptoms of autism with ABA techniques, and it called out Granpeesheh by name. As a result, demand for CARD's services increased.
(22) In the mid 1990s a group of families formed an internet group named the "ME-List" taking the name from Lovaas book "Teaching Devepmentally Disabled Children - The Me Book" 1981. One parent from this group contacted Granpeesheh and asked CARD to open a clinic in San Jose, CA. The man posted those terms online in an autism chat room.
(23) From 1993 to 2003 CARD opened 10 clinics.
(24) CARD's cost for a child's ABA treatment is $50,000 or more per year.
(25) In 2014, CARD had 1500 families in treatment and employed close to 2,000 employees, including therapists, care coordiantors, case managers and directors.
(26) CARD is the third largest non-governmental organization contributing to autism research in the United States.
(27) PhD Researchers employed by CARD have published 20+ academic papers.
(28) CARD treats individuals with ASD using the principles of applied behavior analysis (ABA), which is empirically proven to be the most effective method for treating individuals with ASD and recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the US Surgeon General.
(29) CARD's treatment of children with autism normally consists of intensive, 40 hour per week treatment, along with 15 hours of parental home-based intervention starting at age four and continuing for two or more years.
(30) Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is a well-established treatment for ASD, which involves the application of behavioral principles to reduce challenging behaviors and promote skill acquisition. CARD primarily provides ABA services to families and children.
(31) The Blackstone Group, a private equity firm, acquired CARD in 2018 for $700 million in equity. Blackstone owns 75% of CARD. Some of CARDs equity was gifted to long-time CARD employees who helpfed found CARD. Granpeeshe retains signficant equity, but plans to retire when CARD reaches 500 to 1000 clinics.
(32) Similar Autism ABA deals: In July, 2021 Cerberus Capital Management has agreed to buy Lighthouse Autism Center from Abry Partners for a reported value of more than $400 million. Based near South Bend, Indiana, Lighthouse provides center-based applied behavioral analysis (ABA) therapy to children ages 2 to 18 out of more than 20 centers across Indiana and Michigan.
(33) CARD defines measurable clinical outcomes of its ABA treatment programs.
(34) CARD defines "Recovery from Autism": the individual no longer displays clinically significant impairments related to autism.
(35) CARD measures "Recovery from Autism" as - The individual scores in the average range or higher on valid standardized tests of intelligence, language, socialization, and daily living skills - The individual is earning passing grades in a regular education classroom, with no specialized supports, whatsoever - The individual is evaluated by a medical doctor or psychologist who is an expert in diagnosing autism, and the clinician’s conclusion is that the individual no longer qualifies for any diagnosis on the autism spectrum
(36) Specializations within ABA treatment for children with ASD include Pivotal Response Treatment, the Early Start Denver Model, Incidental Teching, the Picture Exchange Communication System and The Verbal Behavioral Approach. CARD describes the CARD treatment model as comprehensive and as a customized mix of specialized ABA treatments that meets individual needs of children. — Preceding unsigned comment added by MarsTrombone ( talk • contribs) 20:03, 22 May 2022 (UTC)
I advise you against just waiting 30 days and then making the same edits again, which will lead directly to a much longer block. You have not obtained consensus. Using the expiry of your temporary block to make the same edits for which you were blocked is a surefire way to get non-temporarily blocked.
The section is intended to discuss CARD reference sources.
It is permissible to use the WP:BRD to make forward progress. Wikipedia guidelines advise that in the case of disagreement the disagreeing editor must provide substantive rationale and specifics for their objection.
1. No objections have been raised to the Elsevier's book. Elsevier even has their own Wikipedia article and as a respected publisher they employ fact checkers.
2. GordonGlottal added a reference to Behavioral Health Business. This is a news site specialized to health business, so as a subject matter expert the source is relevant to CARD's business and articles are written by journalist. The site is not flagged as not reliable WP:RS. I believe it is a legitimate source and it has an excellent interview with Granpeesheh
3. The Wall Street Journal is a WP:RS.
4. Los Angeles Times is a WP:RS. It has two good CARD articles including this on CARD.
Multiple books reference and discuss CARD or Granpeesheh: Elsevier and Let Me Hear Your Voice and Lovaas and Handbook of Dual Diagnosis and The Autism Industrial Complex and Ethically Challenged
Are there any substantive specific objections to these sources? MarsTrombone ( talk) 00:48, 29 June 2022 (UTC)
After graduating from UCLA, in 1990 Granpeesheh, at Lovaas suggestion, [1] [2] [1] took over the treatment of children who aged out of the Young Autism Project and used the ABA autism concepts Lovaas pioneered to found an autism treatment clinic in Encino, California named Center for Autism and Related Disorders (CARD) [2] [1]. Initially, CARD was one of the only autism treatment providers to offer intensive early-intevention ABA treatments. [2] [1] From 1990 to 1993 Granpeehseh grew the CARD business from 5 children to 25 children. [1] [2]
In 1993, Catherine Maurice the mother of two children Granpeesheh had worked with published a book titled Let Me Hear Your Voicee. The book detailed how the author’s children overcame the symptoms of autism with ABA techniques, and it called out Granpeesheh by name. As a result of the book, demand for Granpeesheh's autism services increased. [1] [2] [3]
In the mid 1990s a group of families formed an internet group named the "ME-List" taking the name from Lovaas book "Teaching Devepmentally Disabled Children - The Me Book" 1981. One parent from this group contacted Granpeesheh and asked CARD to open a clinic in San Jose, CA. Granpeesheh agreed to open a new clinic if 25 familes would join. The man posted those terms online in an autism chat room on Prodigy and soon after Granpeesheh opened a clinic in San Jose. [1] [2]
From 1993 to 2003 Granpeesheh opened ten more clinics all over the world including London and Australia. [1] [2]
By 2014, Granpeesheh's CARD business had expanded to 1500 families in treatment and employed close to 2,000 employees, including therapists, care coordiantors, case managers and directors. [1] [2]
CARD is now the third largest non-governmental organization contributing to autism research in the United States. Whille employed by CARD, researchers have published numerous academic papers. [1] [2] [4]
The Blackstone Group, a private equity firm, acquired CARD in 2018 for $700 million in equity. Blackstone owns 75% of CARD. Some of CARDs equity was gifted to long-time CARD employees who helpfed found CARD. Granpeeshe retains significant equity, but stated she plans to retire when CARD reaches 500 to 1000 clinics. [5] [6] MarsTrombone ( talk) 04:21, 29 June 2022 (UTC)
References
Advising all engaged editors here @ Largoplazo @ Sideswipe9th @ MaxHarmony @ CatPath that there is an ongoing discussion at the related page Doreen Granpeesheh (founder of CARD) which would benefit from wider input. It is over the inclusion of the following content to the page:
Thanks! GordonGlottal ( talk) 21:37, 30 June 2022 (UTC) GordonGlottal ( talk) 21:37, 30 June 2022 (UTC)
References