Qasim-i Anvar | |
---|---|
Born | 1356 Sarab, Azerbaijan |
Died | October/November 1433 Kharjird, Khurasan |
Mu'in al-Din Ali Husayni Sarabi Tabrizi, commonly known by his laqab (honorific title) of Qasim-i Anvar ( Persian: قاسم انوار; 1356 – 1433) was a Sufi mystic, poet, and a leading da'i (preacher) of the Safavid order. [1]
Mu'in al-Din Ali was born in 1356 in Sarab in the Azerbaijan region. [1] According to the historians H. Javadi and K. Burrill / Encyclopædia Iranica, he was a native speaker of Azeri Turkish, while the historians Siavash Lornejad and Ali Doostzadeh state that he was most likely a native speaker of Fahlavi. [2] Mu'in al-Din Ali preferred to use Persian, which he was fluent in. [3] He grew up in the neighbouring city of Tabriz, where he received his education. [4] In his mid-teens, [4] he became a disciple of Sadr al-Din Musa (died 1391), who was the head of the Safavid order. [1]
Due to a vision seen by Mu'in al-Din Ali, he was given the laqab (honorific title) Qasim-i Anvar ("Distributor of Lights") by Sadr al-Din Musa. Following his completion of his training at the city of Ardabil, Qasim-i Anvar given the khirqa by Sadr al-Din Musa. This cloak granted Qasim-i Anvar the right to convert others to his faith and offer spiritual teaching. Qasim-i Anvar later stayed in Gilan for some time as a missionary, and then went to Khurasan. [1] He initially stayed at Nishapur, but was forced to move to Herat due to facing hostility from the ulama (clergy). [1] According to his own writings, Qasim-i Anvar had established himself at Herat by 1377/78, and would stay there until his banishment in 1426/27. [1]
Following his banishment from Herat, Qasim-i Anvar went to the city of Samarkand, where he stayed at the court of Shahrukh's son, Ulugh Beg (died 1449). A few years later, Qasim-i Anvar went back to Khurasan, where he died at Kharjird in October/November 1433. [1]
Qasim-i Anvar composed several mystical treatises, ghazals, ruba'is, and mathnawis. [1] The vast majority of his poems were in Persian. [2] Some of them were in Azeri Turkish and Gilaki. [1] His poems in Azeri Turkish may have only been written during his stay in Khurasan, in order to promote the Safavid order, and due to both Turkic and Persian experiencing a "literary renaissance." [2] However, it may also indicate the rise of bilingualism in Qasim-i Anvar's birth region, where Fahlavi and Turkic speakers started to get in touch with each other. [5]
Qasim-i Anvar | |
---|---|
Born | 1356 Sarab, Azerbaijan |
Died | October/November 1433 Kharjird, Khurasan |
Mu'in al-Din Ali Husayni Sarabi Tabrizi, commonly known by his laqab (honorific title) of Qasim-i Anvar ( Persian: قاسم انوار; 1356 – 1433) was a Sufi mystic, poet, and a leading da'i (preacher) of the Safavid order. [1]
Mu'in al-Din Ali was born in 1356 in Sarab in the Azerbaijan region. [1] According to the historians H. Javadi and K. Burrill / Encyclopædia Iranica, he was a native speaker of Azeri Turkish, while the historians Siavash Lornejad and Ali Doostzadeh state that he was most likely a native speaker of Fahlavi. [2] Mu'in al-Din Ali preferred to use Persian, which he was fluent in. [3] He grew up in the neighbouring city of Tabriz, where he received his education. [4] In his mid-teens, [4] he became a disciple of Sadr al-Din Musa (died 1391), who was the head of the Safavid order. [1]
Due to a vision seen by Mu'in al-Din Ali, he was given the laqab (honorific title) Qasim-i Anvar ("Distributor of Lights") by Sadr al-Din Musa. Following his completion of his training at the city of Ardabil, Qasim-i Anvar given the khirqa by Sadr al-Din Musa. This cloak granted Qasim-i Anvar the right to convert others to his faith and offer spiritual teaching. Qasim-i Anvar later stayed in Gilan for some time as a missionary, and then went to Khurasan. [1] He initially stayed at Nishapur, but was forced to move to Herat due to facing hostility from the ulama (clergy). [1] According to his own writings, Qasim-i Anvar had established himself at Herat by 1377/78, and would stay there until his banishment in 1426/27. [1]
Following his banishment from Herat, Qasim-i Anvar went to the city of Samarkand, where he stayed at the court of Shahrukh's son, Ulugh Beg (died 1449). A few years later, Qasim-i Anvar went back to Khurasan, where he died at Kharjird in October/November 1433. [1]
Qasim-i Anvar composed several mystical treatises, ghazals, ruba'is, and mathnawis. [1] The vast majority of his poems were in Persian. [2] Some of them were in Azeri Turkish and Gilaki. [1] His poems in Azeri Turkish may have only been written during his stay in Khurasan, in order to promote the Safavid order, and due to both Turkic and Persian experiencing a "literary renaissance." [2] However, it may also indicate the rise of bilingualism in Qasim-i Anvar's birth region, where Fahlavi and Turkic speakers started to get in touch with each other. [5]