From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
POLR2A
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search:
PDBe
RCSB List of PDB id codes
2GHQ ,
2GHT ,
2LTO ,
3D9K ,
3D9L ,
3D9M ,
3D9N ,
3D9O ,
3D9P ,
4JXT ,
5IY9 ,
5IYA ,
5IYC ,
5IYB ,
5IY7 ,
5IY8 ,
5IYD ,
5IY6
Identifiers
Aliases
POLR2A , POLR2, POLRA, RPB1, RPBh1, RPO2, RPOL2, RpIILS, hRPB220, hsRPB1, polymerase (RNA) II subunit A, RNA polymerase II subunit A, NEDHIBExternal IDs
OMIM :
180660 ;
MGI :
98086 ;
HomoloGene :
721 ;
GeneCards :
POLR2A ;
OMA :
POLR2A - orthologs
EC number
2.7.7.48
Wikidata
DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1 , also known as RPB1 , is an
enzyme that is encoded by the POLR2A
gene in humans.
Function
This gene encodes the largest subunit of
RNA polymerase II , the polymerase responsible for synthesizing
messenger RNA in
eukaryotes . The product of this gene contains a
carboxy terminal domain composed of heptapeptide repeats that are essential for
polymerase activity. These repeats contain serine and threonine residues that are phosphorylated in actively transcribing
RNA polymerase . In addition, this subunit, in combination with several other polymerase subunits, forms the DNA-binding domain of the polymerase, a groove in which the DNA template is transcribed into RNA.
[5]
Interactions
POLR2A has been shown to
interact with:
BRCA1 ,
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
CREBBP ,
[10]
CTDP1 ,
[7]
CDK8 ,
[10]
GTF2B ,
[7]
GTF2F1 ,
[7]
[10]
GTF2H4 ,
[7]
MED21 ,
[7]
[10]
[11]
MED26 ,
[12]
PCAF ,
[10]
POLR2C ,
[13]
POLR2E ,
[13]
POLR2H ,
[13]
POLR2L ,
[13]
PQBP1 ,
[14]
SMARCA2 ,
[10]
[15]
[16]
SMARCA4
[15]
[16]
[17]
SMARCB1 ,
[10]
[15]
[16]
SMYD3 ,
[18]
SND1 ,
[19]
SUPT5H ,
[20]
[21]
TAF11 ,
[7]
TBP ,
[7]
TCEA1 ,
[22]
[23]
[24]
TCERG1 ,
[25] and
ZNF74 .
[26]
References
^
a
b
c
ENSG00000181222 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000284832, ENSG00000181222 –
Ensembl , May 2017
^
a
b
c
GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000005198 –
Ensembl , May 2017
^
"Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^
"Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^
"Entrez Gene: POLR2A polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide A, 220kDa" .
^ Krum SA, Miranda GA, Lin C, Lane TF (December 2003).
"BRCA1 associates with processive RNA polymerase II" . J. Biol. Chem . 278 (52): 52012–20.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.M308418200 .
PMID
14506230 .
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h Scully R, Anderson SF, Chao DM, Wei W, Ye L, Young RA, Livingston DM, Parvin JD (May 1997).
"BRCA1 is a component of the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 94 (11): 5605–10.
Bibcode :
1997PNAS...94.5605S .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.94.11.5605 .
PMC
20825 .
PMID
9159119 .
^ Chiba N, Parvin JD (October 2001).
"Redistribution of BRCA1 among four different protein complexes following replication blockage" . J. Biol. Chem . 276 (42): 38549–54.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.M105227200 .
PMID
11504724 .
^ Krum SA, Womack JE, Lane TF (September 2003).
"Bovine BRCA1 shows classic responses to genotoxic stress but low in vitro transcriptional activation activity" . Oncogene . 22 (38): 6032–44.
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10.1038/sj.onc.1206515 .
PMID
12955082 .
^
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f
g Cho H, Orphanides G, Sun X, Yang XJ, Ogryzko V, Lees E, Nakatani Y, Reinberg D (September 1998).
"A human RNA polymerase II complex containing factors that modify chromatin structure" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 18 (9): 5355–63.
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10.1128/MCB.18.9.5355 .
PMC
109120 .
PMID
9710619 .
^ Suñé C, Hayashi T, Liu Y, Lane WS, Young RA, Garcia-Blanco MA (October 1997).
"CA150, a nuclear protein associated with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme, is involved in Tat-activated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 17 (10): 6029–39.
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PMC
232452 .
PMID
9315662 .
^ Sato S, Tomomori-Sato C, Parmely TJ, Florens L, Zybailov B, Swanson SK, Banks CA, Jin J, Cai Y, Washburn MP, Conaway JW, Conaway RC (June 2004).
"A set of consensus mammalian mediator subunits identified by multidimensional protein identification technology" . Mol. Cell . 14 (5): 685–91.
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^
a
b
c
d Acker J, de Graaff M, Cheynel I, Khazak V, Kedinger C, Vigneron M (July 1997).
"Interactions between the human RNA polymerase II subunits" . J. Biol. Chem . 272 (27): 16815–21.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.272.27.16815 .
PMID
9201987 .
^ Humbert S, Saudou F (May 2002).
"Toward cell specificity in SCA1" . Neuron . 34 (5): 669–70.
doi :
10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00715-8 .
PMID
12062012 .
S2CID
15993809 .
^
a
b
c Sif S, Saurin AJ, Imbalzano AN, Kingston RE (March 2001).
"Purification and characterization of mSin3A-containing Brg1 and hBrm chromatin remodeling complexes" . Genes Dev . 15 (5): 603–18.
doi :
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PMC
312641 .
PMID
11238380 .
^
a
b
c Wang W, Côté J, Xue Y, Zhou S, Khavari PA, Biggar SR, Muchardt C, Kalpana GV, Goff SP, Yaniv M, Workman JL, Crabtree GR (October 1996).
"Purification and biochemical heterogeneity of the mammalian SWI-SNF complex" . EMBO J . 15 (19): 5370–82.
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PMC
452280 .
PMID
8895581 .
^ Zhao K, Wang W, Rando OJ, Xue Y, Swiderek K, Kuo A, Crabtree GR (November 1998).
"Rapid and phosphoinositol-dependent binding of the SWI/SNF-like BAF complex to chromatin after T lymphocyte receptor signaling" . Cell . 95 (5): 625–36.
doi :
10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81633-5 .
PMID
9845365 .
S2CID
3184211 .
^ Hamamoto R, Furukawa Y, Morita M, Iimura Y, Silva FP, Li M, Yagyu R, Nakamura Y (August 2004). "SMYD3 encodes a histone methyltransferase involved in the proliferation of cancer cells". Nat. Cell Biol . 6 (8): 731–40.
doi :
10.1038/ncb1151 .
PMID
15235609 .
S2CID
13456531 .
^ Yang J, Aittomäki S, Pesu M, Carter K, Saarinen J, Kalkkinen N, Kieff E, Silvennoinen O (September 2002).
"Identification of p100 as a coactivator for STAT6 that bridges STAT6 with RNA polymerase II" . EMBO J . 21 (18): 4950–8.
doi :
10.1093/emboj/cdf463 .
PMC
126276 .
PMID
12234934 .
^ Kim JB, Yamaguchi Y, Wada T, Handa H, Sharp PA (September 1999).
"Tat-SF1 protein associates with RAP30 and human SPT5 proteins" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 19 (9): 5960–8.
doi :
10.1128/mcb.19.9.5960 .
PMC
84462 .
PMID
10454543 .
^ Wada T, Takagi T, Yamaguchi Y, Ferdous A, Imai T, Hirose S, Sugimoto S, Yano K, Hartzog GA, Winston F, Buratowski S, Handa H (February 1998).
"DSIF, a novel transcription elongation factor that regulates RNA polymerase II processivity, is composed of human Spt4 and Spt5 homologs" . Genes Dev . 12 (3): 343–56.
doi :
10.1101/gad.12.3.343 .
PMC
316480 .
PMID
9450929 .
^ Conaway RC, Kong SE, Conaway JW (August 2003).
"TFIIS and GreB: two like-minded transcription elongation factors with sticky fingers" . Cell . 114 (3): 272–4.
doi :
10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00607-X .
PMID
12914690 .
S2CID
14209300 .
^ Archambault J, Pan G, Dahmus GK, Cartier M, Marshall N, Zhang S, Dahmus ME, Greenblatt J (October 1998).
"FCP1, the RAP74-interacting subunit of a human protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase IIO" . J. Biol. Chem . 273 (42): 27593–601.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.273.42.27593 .
PMID
9765293 .
^ Pan G, Aso T, Greenblatt J (September 1997).
"Interaction of elongation factors TFIIS and elongin A with a human RNA polymerase II holoenzyme capable of promoter-specific initiation and responsive to transcriptional activators" . J. Biol. Chem . 272 (39): 24563–71.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.272.39.24563 .
PMID
9305922 .
^ Carty SM, Goldstrohm AC, Suñé C, Garcia-Blanco MA, Greenleaf AL (August 2000).
"Protein-interaction modules that organize nuclear function: FF domains of CA150 bind the phosphoCTD of RNA polymerase II" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 97 (16): 9015–20.
Bibcode :
2000PNAS...97.9015C .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.160266597 .
PMC
16813 .
PMID
10908677 .
^ Grondin B, Côté F, Bazinet M, Vincent M, Aubry M (October 1997).
"Direct interaction of the KRAB/Cys2-His2 zinc finger protein ZNF74 with a hyperphosphorylated form of the RNA polymerase II largest subunit" . J. Biol. Chem . 272 (44): 27877–85.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.272.44.27877 .
PMID
9346935 .
Further reading
Jeang KT (1998). "Tat, Tat-associated kinase, and transcription". J. Biomed. Sci . 5 (1): 24–7.
doi :
10.1007/BF02253352 .
PMID
9570510 .
Yankulov K, Bentley D (1998).
"Transcriptional control: Tat cofactors and transcriptional elongation" . Curr. Biol . 8 (13): R447–9.
Bibcode :
1998CBio....8.R447Y .
doi :
10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70289-1 .
PMID
9651670 .
S2CID
15480646 .
Romano G, Kasten M, De Falco G, Micheli P, Khalili K, Giordano A (2000). "Regulatory functions of Cdk9 and of cyclin T1 in HIV tat transactivation pathway gene expression". J. Cell. Biochem . 75 (3): 357–68.
doi :
10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19991201)75:3<357::AID-JCB1>3.0.CO;2-K .
PMID
10536359 .
S2CID
43685090 .
Szentirmay MN, Sawadogo M (2000).
"Spatial organization of RNA polymerase II transcription in the nucleus" . Nucleic Acids Res . 28 (10): 2019–25.
doi :
10.1093/nar/28.10.2019 .
PMC
105382 .
PMID
10773068 .
Marcello A, Zoppé M, Giacca M (2002).
"Multiple modes of transcriptional regulation by the HIV-1 Tat transactivator" . IUBMB Life . 51 (3): 175–81.
doi :
10.1080/152165401753544241 .
PMID
11547919 .
S2CID
10931640 .