This is a list of the longest-reigning monarchs of all time, detailing the monarchs and lifelong leaders who have reigned the longest in world history, ranked by length of reign.
The following are the 25 longest-reigning monarchs of states who were internationally recognised as sovereign for most or all of their reign. Byzantine emperors Constantine VIII and Basil II, reigning for 66 years in total (962–1028) and for 65 years in total (960–1025) respectively, are not included, because for part of those periods they reigned only nominally as junior co-emperors alongside senior emperors.
Regencies are not counted against monarchs, hence King Louis XIV of France being listed first among the monarchs of sovereign states despite his mother Anne of Austria being his regent for eight years. A distinction is not made between absolute and constitutional monarchs, hence Elizabeth II being listed second despite being a figurehead her entire reign.
The current longest-reigning monarch, Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei, is not included on the list because Brunei was not a sovereign state until 1984. Bolkiah will be eligible for inclusion if he is still reigning in 2040 and surpasses Conrad I's independent rule of 56 years, 99 days.
No. | Portrait | Name | State | Reign | Duration | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
From | To | (days) | (years, days) | |||||
1 | Louis XIV | 14 May 1643 | 1 September 1715 | 26,407 | 72 years, 110 days | [1] | ||
2 | Elizabeth II | [a] | 6 February 1952 | 8 September 2022 | 25,782 | 70 years, 214 days [b] | [2] [3] [4] | |
3 |
Rama IX (Bhumibol Adulyadej) |
Thailand | 9 June 1946 | 13 October 2016 | 25,694 | 70 years, 126 days | [5] | |
4 | Johann II | Liechtenstein | 12 November 1858 | 11 February 1929 | 25,658 | 70 years, 91 days | [6] | |
5 | Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal I | Palenque ( Mexico) | 27 July 615 [c] | 29 August 683 | 24,870 | 68 years, 33 days | [7] [9] | |
6 | Franz Joseph I |
|
2 December 1848 | 21 November 1916 | 24,825 | 67 years, 355 days | [10] | |
7 | Chan Imix Kʼawiil | Copán ( Honduras) | 5 February 628 [d] | 15 June 695 | 24,602 | 67 years, 130 days | [13] [14] | |
8 | Ferdinand III |
|
6 October 1759 | 4 January 1825 | 23,831 | 65 years, 90 days | [15] | |
9 | Victoria | United Kingdom | 20 June 1837 | 22 January 1901 | 23,226 | 63 years, 216 days | [16] | |
10 | James I | Crown of Aragon | 12 September 1213 | 27 July 1276 | 22,964 | 62 years, 319 days | [17] | |
11 |
Emperor Shōwa
[e] (Hirohito) |
Empire of Japan (1926–1947) Japan (1947–1989) |
25 December 1926 | 7 January 1989 | 22,659 | 62 years, 13 days | [18] | |
12 | Kangxi Emperor [f] | Qing dynasty ( China) | 5 February 1661 | 20 December 1722 | 22,597 | 61 years, 318 days | [19] | |
13 | Honoré III | Monaco | 29 December 1731 | 13 January 1793 | 22,296 | 61 years, 15 days | [20] [21] | |
14 | Itzamnaaj Bahlam III [g] | Yaxchilan (Mexico) | 20 October 681 [h] | 15 June 742 | 22,153 | 60 years, 238 days | [11] | |
15 | Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat | Quiriguá ( Guatemala) | 29 December 724 [i] | 27 July 785 | 22,125 | 60 years, 210 days | [22] [23] | |
16 | Qianlong Emperor [j] | Qing dynasty (China) | 18 October 1735 | 9 February 1796 [k] | 22,029 | 60 years, 114 days | [24] | |
17 | Christian IV | Denmark–Norway | 4 April 1588 | 28 February 1648 | 21,879 | 59 years, 330 days | [25] | |
18 | George III |
|
25 October 1760 | 29 January 1820 | 21,644 | 59 years, 96 days | [26] | |
19 | Louis XV | 1 September 1715 | 10 May 1774 | 21,436 | 58 years, 251 days | [27] | ||
20 | Pedro II | Brazil | 7 April 1831 | 15 November 1889 | 21,407 | 58 years, 222 days | [28] | |
21 | Al-Mustansir Billah | Fatimid Caliphate ( Egypt) | 13 June 1036 [m] | 29 December 1094 | 21,383 | 58 years, 199 days | [29] [30] | |
22 | Nicholas I |
|
13 August 1860 | 26 November 1918 | 21,288 | 58 years, 105 days | [33] | |
23 | Wilhelmina | Netherlands | 23 November 1890 | 4 September 1948 | 21,104 | 57 years, 286 days | [34] | |
24 | James VI | Scotland [n] | 24 July 1567 | 27 March 1625 | 21,066 | 57 years, 246 days | [35] | |
25 | Conrad I | Burgundy | 12 July 937 [o] | 19 October 993 | 20,553 | 56 years, 99 days | [36] |
This section needs additional citations for
verification. (June 2021) |
The table below contains 100 monarchs of states that were not independent sovereigns for at least a portion of their reigns.
No. | Portrait | Name | State | Reign | Duration | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
From | To | (days) | (years, days) | |||||
1 | Sobhuza II [p] | Swaziland ( British protectorate until 1968) | 10 December 1899 | 21 August 1982 | 30,204 | 82 years, 254 days | [38] | |
2 | Bernhard VII | Lippe ( Holy Roman Empire) | 11 August 1429 | 2 April 1511 | 29,819 | 81 years, 234 days | [39] | |
3 | Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo | Chotanagpur ( British Raj) | 9 July 1869 | 21 September 1950 | 29,658 | 81 years, 74 days | [40] | |
4 | William IV | Henneberg-Schleusingen (Holy Roman Empire) | 26 May 1480 | 24 January 1559 | 28,732 | 78 years, 243 days | [39] | |
5 | Karansinhji II Vajirajji | Lakhtar State [q] | 15 June 1846 | 8 August 1924 | 28,543 | 78 years, 54 days | [41] | |
6 | Maeda Tsunanori | Kaga Domain ( Japan) | 30 April 1645 | 6 May 1723 | 28,494 | 78 years, 6 days | [42] | |
7 | Heinrich XI [r] | Reuss-Obergreiz (Holy Roman Empire) | 17 March 1723 | 28 June 1800 | 28,227 | 77 years, 103 days | [43] [44] [39] | |
8 | Idrus ibni Muhammad Al-Qadri | Tampin ( Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia) (part of British Malaya until 1957) | 31 May 1929 | 26 December 2005 | 27,968 | 76 years, 209 days | [39] | |
9 | Christian August | Palatinate-Sulzbach (Holy Roman Empire) | 14 August 1632 | 23 April 1708 | 27,635 | 75 years, 243 days | [39] | |
10 | Bishan Chandra Jenamuni | Rairakhol State [q] | 13 March 1825 | 10 June 1900 | 27,482 | 75 years, 89 days | [45] | |
11 | Charles I | Eu ( France) | 16 June 1397 | 25 July 1472 | 27,433 | 75 years, 39 days | [46] | |
12 | Mudhoji IV Rao Naik Nimbalkar | Phaltan State [q] | 7 December 1841 | 17 October 1916 | 27,342 | 74 years, 315 days | [39] | |
13 | Bhagvatsingh Sahib | Gondal State (British Raj) | 14 December 1869 | 10 March 1944 | 27,114 | 74 years, 87 days | [39] | |
14 | George William | Schaumburg-Lippe [s] [t] | 13 February 1787 | 21 November 1860 | 26,944 | 73 years, 282 days | [39] | |
15 | Charles Frederick | Baden (Holy Roman Empire until 1806) | 12 May 1738 | 10 June 1811 | 26,691 | 73 years, 29 days | [39] | |
16 | John III Louis | Nassau-Saarbrücken (Holy Roman Empire) | 19 October 1472 | 4 June 1545 | 26,526 | 72 years, 228 days [u] | [47] | |
17 | Itō Nagatomo | Okada Domain (Japan) | 17 July 1778 | 19 July 1850 | 26,299 | 72 years, 2 days | [48] | |
18 | Henry Frederick | Hohenlohe-Langenburg (Holy Roman Empire) | 29 January 1628 | 2 June 1699 | 26,057 | 71 years, 124 days | [49] | |
19 | Jagatjit Singh | Kapurthala State (British Raj) | 3 September 1877 | 20 August 1948 | 25,918 | 70 years, 352 days [v] | [51] | |
20 | Parashuramrao Shrinivas | Aundh State ( British India) | 30 August 1777 | 11 June 1848 | 25,852 | 70 years, 286 days | [52] | |
21 | Henryk IX Starszy | Żagań- Głogów (Holy Roman Empire) | 14 March 1397 | 11 November 1467 | 25,809 | 70 years, 242 days | [53] | |
22 | Werner von Salm-Reifferscheidt | Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck (Holy Roman Empire) | 31 October 1559 | 16 December 1629 | 25,614 | 70 years, 46 days | [54] | |
23 | Carl I August | Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach [w] | 28 May 1758 | 14 June 1828 | 25,584 | 70 years, 17 days | [55] | |
24 | George I | Anhalt-Dessau (Holy Roman Empire) | 19 January 1405 | 21 September 1474 | 25,447 | 69 years, 245 days | [56] | |
25 | Alberico I | Massa and Carrara (Holy Roman Empire) | 15 June 1553 | 18 January 1623 | 25,409 | 69 years, 207 days | [57] | |
26 | Heinrich Joseph Johann | Principality of Auersperg (Holy Roman Empire) | 6 November 1713 | 9 February 1783 | 25,297 | 69 years, 95 days | [58] | |
27 | Frederick III | Inner Austria (Holy Roman Empire) | 10 June 1424 | 19 August 1493 | 25,272 | 69 years, 70 days | [59] [60] | |
28 | George William | Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (Holy Roman Empire) | 16 December 1600 | 25 December 1669 | 25,211 | 69 years, 9 days | [61] | |
29 | Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne | Duchy of Bouillon (Holy Roman Empire, later France) | 9 August 1652 | 26 July 1721 | 25,187 | 68 years, 351 days | [62] | |
30 | Frederick V | Hesse-Homburg [x] | 7 February 1751 | 20 January 1820 | 25,183 | 68 years, 347 days | [63] | |
31 | Vikramatji Khimojiraj | Porbandar State [q] | 20 June 1831 | 21 April 1900 | 25,142 | 68 years, 305 days | [64] | |
32 | Krishnaraja Wodeyar III | Kingdom of Mysore ( Princely State of East India Company after 1831; British Raj after 1857) | 30 June 1799 | 27 March 1868 | 25,107 | 68 years, 271 days | [65] | |
33 | Chintamanrao Appasaheb Patwardhan | Sangli State (British India) | 6 November 1782 | 15 July 1851 | 25,087 | 68 years, 251 days | [66] | |
34 | Johann Friedrich | Castell-Rüdenhausen (Holy Roman Empire) | 10 January 1681 | 23 June 1749 | 25,000 | 68 years, 164 days | [67] | |
35 | Otto VI the One-Eyed | Brunswick-Göttingen (Holy Roman Empire) | 13 November 1394 | 6 February 1463 | 24,922 | 68 years, 85 days | [68] | |
36 | Sawant Singh | Pratapgarh State (British India) | 26 October 1775 | 5 January 1844 | 24,907 | 68 years, 71 days | [69] | |
37 | Christian Karl Reinhard | Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg (Holy Roman Empire) | 3 November 1698 | 17 November 1766 | 24,850 | 68 years, 14 days | [70] | |
38 | Raja Ram Singh | Bundi State [q] | 14 May 1821 | 28 March 1889 | 24,790 | 67 years, 318 days | [71] | |
39 | Malietoa Tanumafili II | Samoa | 5 July 1939 | 11 May 2007 | 24,782 | 67 years, 310 days | [72] [73] | |
40 | Vakhatsinhji Meghrajji | Vallabhipura State (British Raj) | 20 August 1875 | 5 June 1943 | 24,760 | 67 years, 289 days | [74] | |
41 | Bernard | Strzelce, Niemodlin, and South Poland (Holy Roman Empire) | 21 October 1382 | 31 July 1450 | 24,755 | 67 years, 283 days | [75] | |
42 | Philip I [y] |
Lippe-Alverdissen (1613-1640) Schaumburg-Lippe (1640-1681) (Holy Roman Empire) |
7 December 1613 | 10 April 1681 | 24,596 | 67 years, 124 days | [76] [77] | |
43 | Henry III | Margraviate of Meissen (Holy Roman Empire) | 18 February 1221 | 15 February 1288 | 24,468 | 66 years, 362 days | [78] [79] | |
44 | Eleanor [z] | Aquitaine (France) | 9 April 1137 | 1 April 1204 | 24,464 | 66 years, 358 days | [80] | |
45 | Sulaiman Sharif ul-'Alam Shah | Sultanate of Serdang (part of Dutch East Indies until 1945 and part of Indonesia since 1945) | 20 December 1879 | 13 October 1946 | 24,403 | 66 years, 297 days | [81] | |
46 | Augustus | Anhalt-Plötzkau (Holy Roman Empire) | 6 December 1586 | 22 August 1653 | 24,366 | 66 years, 259 days | [82] | |
47 | Amarsinhji Banesinhji [aa] | Wankaner State (British Raj) | 12 June 1881 | 15 February 1948 | 24,353 | 66 years, 248 days | [83] | |
48 | Khengarji III | Cutch (British Raj) | 19 December 1875 | 15 January 1942 | 24,133 | 66 years, 27 days | [84] | |
49 | William IV the Victorious | Brunswick-Luneburg (Holy Roman Empire) | 14 October 1416 | 25 July 1482 | 24,025 | 65 years, 284 days | [85] | |
50 | Leopold III | Anhalt-Dessau (Holy Roman Empire) | 16 December 1751 | 9 August 1817 | 23,977 | 65 years, 236 days | [86] [87] | |
51 | Makino Tadakiyo | Nagaoka Domain (Japan) | 5 August 1766 | 17 August 1831 | 23,752 | 65 years, 12 days | [88] | |
52 | Obizzo I d'Este | Este and Ferrara (Holy Roman Empire) | 15 December 1128 | 25 December 1193 | 23,751 | 65 years, 10 days | [89] | |
53 | Jean I | Duchy of Brittany (France) | 21 October 1221 | 8 October 1286 | 23,728 | 64 years, 352 days | ||
54 | Frederick William | Hohenzollern-Hechingen (Holy Roman Empire) | 13 January 1671 | 14 November 1735 | 23,680 | 64 years, 305 days | ||
55 | Johann Seyfried von Eggenberg | Eggenberg (Holy Roman Empire) | 5 February 1649 | 5 November 1713 | 23,648 | 64 years, 273 days | [90] | |
56 | Gangadhar Rao III Bala Sahib Patwardhan | Miraj Senior (British Raj) | November 1874 | 23 June 1939 | 23,580 to 23,609 | 64 years, 205 days to 64 years, 234 days | [91] | |
57 | Marie II | County of Soissons (France) | 25 October 1482 | 1 April 1547 | 23,534 | 64 years, 158 days | [92] | |
58 | Vishwanath Singh Bahadur | Chhatarpur State (British Raj) | 4 November 1867 | 4 April 1932 | 23,527 | 64 years, 152 days | [93] | |
59 | Friedrich II Magnus | Salm-Neuweiler (Holy Roman Empire) | 26 October 1608 | 25 January 1673 | 23,467 | 64 years, 91 days | ||
60 | Ibrahim | Johor, Malaysia (part of British Malaya until 1957) | 4 June 1895 | 8 May 1959 | 23,348 | 63 years, 338 days | ||
61 | Raja Rampalji Bahadur | Kutlehar State (British Raj) | 15 January 1864 | 22 November 1927 | 23,321 | 63 years, 311 days | [94] [95] | |
62 | Sayajirao Gaekwad III | Baroda State (British Raj) | 27 May 1875 | 6 February 1939 | 23,265 | 63 years, 256 days | ||
63 | Albert Anton | Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (Holy Roman Empire) | 4 November 1646 | 24 June 1710 | 23,242 | 63 years, 232 days | ||
65 | Anthony Günther | Duchy of Oldenburg (Holy Roman Empire) | 12 November 1603 | 19 June 1667 | 23,230 | 63 years, 219 days | ||
66 | Udai Chand | Beja [q] | 30 December 1841 | 20 June 1905 | 23,182 | 63 years, 172 days | ||
67 | Frederick Augustus I [ab] | Saxony [ac] | 17 December 1763 | 5 May 1827 | 23,149 | 63 years, 139 days | ||
68 | Ludwig I | Principality of Anhalt (Holy Roman Empire) | 6 December 1586 | 7 January 1650 | 23,043 | 63 years, 32 days | [96] | |
69 | Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa | Bahrain [ad] | 1 December 1869 | 9 December 1932 [ae] | 23,018 | 63 years, 8 days | ||
70 | Charles III | Upper Lorraine (Holy Roman Empire) | 12 June 1545 | 14 May 1608 | 22,972 | 62 years, 327 days | ||
71 | Johann Friedrich II | Hohenlohe- Neuenstein- Öhringen (Holy Roman Empire) | 17 October 1702 | 24 August 1765 | 22,957 | 62 years, 311 days | ||
72 | Philipp Ernst | Hohenlohe- Waldenburg- Schillingsfürst (Holy Roman Empire) | 21 February 1697 | 29 November 1759 | 22,925 | 62 years, 281 days | ||
73 | Bernhard II | Saxe-Meiningen [af] | 24 December 1803 | 20 September 1866 | 22,916 | 62 years, 270 days | ||
74 | Philip II | Nassau-Weilburg (Holy Roman Empire) | 2 July 1429 | 19 March 1492 | 22,906 | 62 years, 261 days [ag] | ||
75 | Nicolas Leopold I [ de] | Salm-Hoogstraat (Holy Roman Empire) | 6 June 1707 | 4 February 1770 | 22,889 | 62 years, 243 days | ||
76 | Christian II [ah] | Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (Holy Roman Empire) | 6 September 1654 | 26 April 1717 | 22,877 | 62 years, 232 days | ||
77 | Léopold Philippe | Arenberg (Holy Roman Empire) | 19 August 1691 | 4 March 1754 | 22,842 | 62 years, 197 days | ||
78 | Hafiz Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan Bahadur | Tonk State (British Raj) | 20 December 1867 | 23 June 1930 | 22,830 | 62 years, 185 days | ||
79 | Saqr bin Mohammed Al Qasimi | Ras Al Khaimah (United Arab Emirates) | 17 July 1948 | 27 October 2010 | 22,747 | 62 years, 102 days | ||
80 | Hosokawa Tsunatoshi | Kumamoto Domain (Japan) | 18 April 1650 | 11 July 1712 | 22,729 | 62 years, 84 days | ||
81 | Nahar Singh | Shahpura State (British Raj) | 21 April 1870 | 24 June 1932 | 22,709 | 62 years, 64 days | ||
82 | Gopal Lal | Kamta-Rajaula State [q] | 29 November 1812 | 23 October 1874 | 22,608 | 61 years, 328 days | [97] | |
83 | Johann Christian I | Eggenberg (Holy Roman Empire) | 5 February 1649 | 14 December 1710 | 22,591 | 61 years, 312 days | [ citation needed] | |
84 | Tuanku Abdul Hamid Halim Shah | Kedah Kedah Sultanate (British Malaya) | 22 September 1881 | 13 May 1943 | 22,512 | 61 years, 233 days | ||
85 | Philipp IV | Waldeck-Wildungen (Holy Roman Empire) | 28 May 1513 | 30 November 1574 | 22,466 | 61 years, 186 days | ||
86 | Wakhat Singh Dalil Singh | Lunavada State (British Raj) | 31 October 1867 | 27 April 1929 | 22,458 | 61 years, 178 days | ||
87 | Paku Alam VIII | Pakualaman (part of Dutch East Indies until 1945 and part of Indonesia since 1945) | 12 April 1937 | 11 September 1998 | 22,432 | 61 years, 152 days | ||
88 | Victor Amadeus | Anhalt-Bernburg (Holy Roman Empire) | 22 September 1656 | 14 February 1718 | 22,414 | 61 years, 135 days | ||
89 | Kamei Koremasa | Tsuwano Domain (Japan) | 22 September 1619 | 6 February 1681 | 22,418 | 61 years, 137 days | ||
90 | Lakshman Singh, Maharawal of Banswara | Banswara State [q] | 2 February 1844 | 29 April 1905 | 22,366 | 61 years, 86 days | [ citation needed] | |
91 | Ulrich V | Württemberg-Stuttgart (Holy Roman Empire) | 2 July 1419 | 1 September 1480 | 22,342 | 61 years, 61 days [ai] | ||
92 | Ranbir Singh | Jind State (British Raj) | 7 March 1887 | 31 March 1948 | 22,304 | 61 years, 24 days [aj] | [ citation needed] | |
93 | Ernest Louis | Hesse-Darmstadt (Holy Roman Empire) | 31 August 1678 | 12 September 1739 | 22,291 | 61 years, 12 days | ||
94 | Johann Friedrich I | Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Öhringen (Holy Roman Empire) | 11 October 1641 | 17 October 1702 | 22,285 | 61 years, 6 days | ||
95 | Wilhelm Moritz II | Isenburg-Philippseich (Holy Roman Empire) | 8 March 1711 | 7 March 1772 | 22,280 | 60 years, 365 days | ||
96 | Christian Ernest | Stolberg-Wernigerode (Holy Roman Empire) | 27 August 1710 | 25 October 1771 | 22,339 | 61 years, 59 days | ||
97 | Adolf III | Schauenburg and Holstein (Holy Roman Empire) | 6 July 1164 | 3 January 1225 | 22,096 | 60 years, 181 days | ||
98 | Leopold Louis | Palatinate-Veldenz (Holy Roman Empire) | 3 June 1634 | 29 September 1694 | 22,033 | 60 years, 118 days | ||
99 | Friedrich Günther | Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt [ak] | 28 April 1807 | 28 June 1867 | 21,976 | 60 years, 61 days | [98] | |
100 | Johann Jakob I | Waldburg-Zeil (Holy Roman Empire) | 4 May 1614 [al] | 18 April 1674 | 21,899 | 59 years, 349 days |
These monarchs are grouped according to length of reign by year in whole numbers. Within each year-grouping, they appear in historical order. In a given year, there may have been a wide array of actual reign lengths based on days. Thus, this table does not present a precise ranking by length of reign. The list is limited to those that might reasonably be expected to lie within the range of those in the tables above, at minimum 56 years. The list is sorted alphabetically. Emphasised states were sovereign. Japanese legendary emperors, according to the ancient Japanese calendar, reigned for very long terms of 60–70 years each. The longest ruler of the legendary emperors, Emperor Kōan, was claimed to have reigned for about 101 years. These figures are not included in the table because they are regarded as inaccurate by modern scholars. For those, see Longevity myths. Rulers with both independent and dependent rules are combined.
The following states were not sovereign at the start of Queen Elizabeth II's reign in 1952, but became sovereign and later became republics during her reign:
The following states were not sovereign at the start of Queen Elizabeth II's reign in 1952, but became sovereign during her reign and retained her as Queen:
王於是築城于越裳,廣千丈,盤旋如螺形,故號螺城。[The King then built a citadel at Việt Thường, one-thousand- zhàng wide, whirling and swirling like the shape of a snail. Therefore, it was called Old Snail City (Loa Thành).][ better source needed]
This temple was built between approximately 1135-1150 by Codaganga
Jürgen von Beckerath (1997). Chronologie des Pharaonischen Ägypten. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. ISBN 9783805323109.
This is a list of the longest-reigning monarchs of all time, detailing the monarchs and lifelong leaders who have reigned the longest in world history, ranked by length of reign.
The following are the 25 longest-reigning monarchs of states who were internationally recognised as sovereign for most or all of their reign. Byzantine emperors Constantine VIII and Basil II, reigning for 66 years in total (962–1028) and for 65 years in total (960–1025) respectively, are not included, because for part of those periods they reigned only nominally as junior co-emperors alongside senior emperors.
Regencies are not counted against monarchs, hence King Louis XIV of France being listed first among the monarchs of sovereign states despite his mother Anne of Austria being his regent for eight years. A distinction is not made between absolute and constitutional monarchs, hence Elizabeth II being listed second despite being a figurehead her entire reign.
The current longest-reigning monarch, Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei, is not included on the list because Brunei was not a sovereign state until 1984. Bolkiah will be eligible for inclusion if he is still reigning in 2040 and surpasses Conrad I's independent rule of 56 years, 99 days.
No. | Portrait | Name | State | Reign | Duration | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
From | To | (days) | (years, days) | |||||
1 | Louis XIV | 14 May 1643 | 1 September 1715 | 26,407 | 72 years, 110 days | [1] | ||
2 | Elizabeth II | [a] | 6 February 1952 | 8 September 2022 | 25,782 | 70 years, 214 days [b] | [2] [3] [4] | |
3 |
Rama IX (Bhumibol Adulyadej) |
Thailand | 9 June 1946 | 13 October 2016 | 25,694 | 70 years, 126 days | [5] | |
4 | Johann II | Liechtenstein | 12 November 1858 | 11 February 1929 | 25,658 | 70 years, 91 days | [6] | |
5 | Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal I | Palenque ( Mexico) | 27 July 615 [c] | 29 August 683 | 24,870 | 68 years, 33 days | [7] [9] | |
6 | Franz Joseph I |
|
2 December 1848 | 21 November 1916 | 24,825 | 67 years, 355 days | [10] | |
7 | Chan Imix Kʼawiil | Copán ( Honduras) | 5 February 628 [d] | 15 June 695 | 24,602 | 67 years, 130 days | [13] [14] | |
8 | Ferdinand III |
|
6 October 1759 | 4 January 1825 | 23,831 | 65 years, 90 days | [15] | |
9 | Victoria | United Kingdom | 20 June 1837 | 22 January 1901 | 23,226 | 63 years, 216 days | [16] | |
10 | James I | Crown of Aragon | 12 September 1213 | 27 July 1276 | 22,964 | 62 years, 319 days | [17] | |
11 |
Emperor Shōwa
[e] (Hirohito) |
Empire of Japan (1926–1947) Japan (1947–1989) |
25 December 1926 | 7 January 1989 | 22,659 | 62 years, 13 days | [18] | |
12 | Kangxi Emperor [f] | Qing dynasty ( China) | 5 February 1661 | 20 December 1722 | 22,597 | 61 years, 318 days | [19] | |
13 | Honoré III | Monaco | 29 December 1731 | 13 January 1793 | 22,296 | 61 years, 15 days | [20] [21] | |
14 | Itzamnaaj Bahlam III [g] | Yaxchilan (Mexico) | 20 October 681 [h] | 15 June 742 | 22,153 | 60 years, 238 days | [11] | |
15 | Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat | Quiriguá ( Guatemala) | 29 December 724 [i] | 27 July 785 | 22,125 | 60 years, 210 days | [22] [23] | |
16 | Qianlong Emperor [j] | Qing dynasty (China) | 18 October 1735 | 9 February 1796 [k] | 22,029 | 60 years, 114 days | [24] | |
17 | Christian IV | Denmark–Norway | 4 April 1588 | 28 February 1648 | 21,879 | 59 years, 330 days | [25] | |
18 | George III |
|
25 October 1760 | 29 January 1820 | 21,644 | 59 years, 96 days | [26] | |
19 | Louis XV | 1 September 1715 | 10 May 1774 | 21,436 | 58 years, 251 days | [27] | ||
20 | Pedro II | Brazil | 7 April 1831 | 15 November 1889 | 21,407 | 58 years, 222 days | [28] | |
21 | Al-Mustansir Billah | Fatimid Caliphate ( Egypt) | 13 June 1036 [m] | 29 December 1094 | 21,383 | 58 years, 199 days | [29] [30] | |
22 | Nicholas I |
|
13 August 1860 | 26 November 1918 | 21,288 | 58 years, 105 days | [33] | |
23 | Wilhelmina | Netherlands | 23 November 1890 | 4 September 1948 | 21,104 | 57 years, 286 days | [34] | |
24 | James VI | Scotland [n] | 24 July 1567 | 27 March 1625 | 21,066 | 57 years, 246 days | [35] | |
25 | Conrad I | Burgundy | 12 July 937 [o] | 19 October 993 | 20,553 | 56 years, 99 days | [36] |
This section needs additional citations for
verification. (June 2021) |
The table below contains 100 monarchs of states that were not independent sovereigns for at least a portion of their reigns.
No. | Portrait | Name | State | Reign | Duration | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
From | To | (days) | (years, days) | |||||
1 | Sobhuza II [p] | Swaziland ( British protectorate until 1968) | 10 December 1899 | 21 August 1982 | 30,204 | 82 years, 254 days | [38] | |
2 | Bernhard VII | Lippe ( Holy Roman Empire) | 11 August 1429 | 2 April 1511 | 29,819 | 81 years, 234 days | [39] | |
3 | Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo | Chotanagpur ( British Raj) | 9 July 1869 | 21 September 1950 | 29,658 | 81 years, 74 days | [40] | |
4 | William IV | Henneberg-Schleusingen (Holy Roman Empire) | 26 May 1480 | 24 January 1559 | 28,732 | 78 years, 243 days | [39] | |
5 | Karansinhji II Vajirajji | Lakhtar State [q] | 15 June 1846 | 8 August 1924 | 28,543 | 78 years, 54 days | [41] | |
6 | Maeda Tsunanori | Kaga Domain ( Japan) | 30 April 1645 | 6 May 1723 | 28,494 | 78 years, 6 days | [42] | |
7 | Heinrich XI [r] | Reuss-Obergreiz (Holy Roman Empire) | 17 March 1723 | 28 June 1800 | 28,227 | 77 years, 103 days | [43] [44] [39] | |
8 | Idrus ibni Muhammad Al-Qadri | Tampin ( Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia) (part of British Malaya until 1957) | 31 May 1929 | 26 December 2005 | 27,968 | 76 years, 209 days | [39] | |
9 | Christian August | Palatinate-Sulzbach (Holy Roman Empire) | 14 August 1632 | 23 April 1708 | 27,635 | 75 years, 243 days | [39] | |
10 | Bishan Chandra Jenamuni | Rairakhol State [q] | 13 March 1825 | 10 June 1900 | 27,482 | 75 years, 89 days | [45] | |
11 | Charles I | Eu ( France) | 16 June 1397 | 25 July 1472 | 27,433 | 75 years, 39 days | [46] | |
12 | Mudhoji IV Rao Naik Nimbalkar | Phaltan State [q] | 7 December 1841 | 17 October 1916 | 27,342 | 74 years, 315 days | [39] | |
13 | Bhagvatsingh Sahib | Gondal State (British Raj) | 14 December 1869 | 10 March 1944 | 27,114 | 74 years, 87 days | [39] | |
14 | George William | Schaumburg-Lippe [s] [t] | 13 February 1787 | 21 November 1860 | 26,944 | 73 years, 282 days | [39] | |
15 | Charles Frederick | Baden (Holy Roman Empire until 1806) | 12 May 1738 | 10 June 1811 | 26,691 | 73 years, 29 days | [39] | |
16 | John III Louis | Nassau-Saarbrücken (Holy Roman Empire) | 19 October 1472 | 4 June 1545 | 26,526 | 72 years, 228 days [u] | [47] | |
17 | Itō Nagatomo | Okada Domain (Japan) | 17 July 1778 | 19 July 1850 | 26,299 | 72 years, 2 days | [48] | |
18 | Henry Frederick | Hohenlohe-Langenburg (Holy Roman Empire) | 29 January 1628 | 2 June 1699 | 26,057 | 71 years, 124 days | [49] | |
19 | Jagatjit Singh | Kapurthala State (British Raj) | 3 September 1877 | 20 August 1948 | 25,918 | 70 years, 352 days [v] | [51] | |
20 | Parashuramrao Shrinivas | Aundh State ( British India) | 30 August 1777 | 11 June 1848 | 25,852 | 70 years, 286 days | [52] | |
21 | Henryk IX Starszy | Żagań- Głogów (Holy Roman Empire) | 14 March 1397 | 11 November 1467 | 25,809 | 70 years, 242 days | [53] | |
22 | Werner von Salm-Reifferscheidt | Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck (Holy Roman Empire) | 31 October 1559 | 16 December 1629 | 25,614 | 70 years, 46 days | [54] | |
23 | Carl I August | Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach [w] | 28 May 1758 | 14 June 1828 | 25,584 | 70 years, 17 days | [55] | |
24 | George I | Anhalt-Dessau (Holy Roman Empire) | 19 January 1405 | 21 September 1474 | 25,447 | 69 years, 245 days | [56] | |
25 | Alberico I | Massa and Carrara (Holy Roman Empire) | 15 June 1553 | 18 January 1623 | 25,409 | 69 years, 207 days | [57] | |
26 | Heinrich Joseph Johann | Principality of Auersperg (Holy Roman Empire) | 6 November 1713 | 9 February 1783 | 25,297 | 69 years, 95 days | [58] | |
27 | Frederick III | Inner Austria (Holy Roman Empire) | 10 June 1424 | 19 August 1493 | 25,272 | 69 years, 70 days | [59] [60] | |
28 | George William | Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (Holy Roman Empire) | 16 December 1600 | 25 December 1669 | 25,211 | 69 years, 9 days | [61] | |
29 | Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne | Duchy of Bouillon (Holy Roman Empire, later France) | 9 August 1652 | 26 July 1721 | 25,187 | 68 years, 351 days | [62] | |
30 | Frederick V | Hesse-Homburg [x] | 7 February 1751 | 20 January 1820 | 25,183 | 68 years, 347 days | [63] | |
31 | Vikramatji Khimojiraj | Porbandar State [q] | 20 June 1831 | 21 April 1900 | 25,142 | 68 years, 305 days | [64] | |
32 | Krishnaraja Wodeyar III | Kingdom of Mysore ( Princely State of East India Company after 1831; British Raj after 1857) | 30 June 1799 | 27 March 1868 | 25,107 | 68 years, 271 days | [65] | |
33 | Chintamanrao Appasaheb Patwardhan | Sangli State (British India) | 6 November 1782 | 15 July 1851 | 25,087 | 68 years, 251 days | [66] | |
34 | Johann Friedrich | Castell-Rüdenhausen (Holy Roman Empire) | 10 January 1681 | 23 June 1749 | 25,000 | 68 years, 164 days | [67] | |
35 | Otto VI the One-Eyed | Brunswick-Göttingen (Holy Roman Empire) | 13 November 1394 | 6 February 1463 | 24,922 | 68 years, 85 days | [68] | |
36 | Sawant Singh | Pratapgarh State (British India) | 26 October 1775 | 5 January 1844 | 24,907 | 68 years, 71 days | [69] | |
37 | Christian Karl Reinhard | Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg (Holy Roman Empire) | 3 November 1698 | 17 November 1766 | 24,850 | 68 years, 14 days | [70] | |
38 | Raja Ram Singh | Bundi State [q] | 14 May 1821 | 28 March 1889 | 24,790 | 67 years, 318 days | [71] | |
39 | Malietoa Tanumafili II | Samoa | 5 July 1939 | 11 May 2007 | 24,782 | 67 years, 310 days | [72] [73] | |
40 | Vakhatsinhji Meghrajji | Vallabhipura State (British Raj) | 20 August 1875 | 5 June 1943 | 24,760 | 67 years, 289 days | [74] | |
41 | Bernard | Strzelce, Niemodlin, and South Poland (Holy Roman Empire) | 21 October 1382 | 31 July 1450 | 24,755 | 67 years, 283 days | [75] | |
42 | Philip I [y] |
Lippe-Alverdissen (1613-1640) Schaumburg-Lippe (1640-1681) (Holy Roman Empire) |
7 December 1613 | 10 April 1681 | 24,596 | 67 years, 124 days | [76] [77] | |
43 | Henry III | Margraviate of Meissen (Holy Roman Empire) | 18 February 1221 | 15 February 1288 | 24,468 | 66 years, 362 days | [78] [79] | |
44 | Eleanor [z] | Aquitaine (France) | 9 April 1137 | 1 April 1204 | 24,464 | 66 years, 358 days | [80] | |
45 | Sulaiman Sharif ul-'Alam Shah | Sultanate of Serdang (part of Dutch East Indies until 1945 and part of Indonesia since 1945) | 20 December 1879 | 13 October 1946 | 24,403 | 66 years, 297 days | [81] | |
46 | Augustus | Anhalt-Plötzkau (Holy Roman Empire) | 6 December 1586 | 22 August 1653 | 24,366 | 66 years, 259 days | [82] | |
47 | Amarsinhji Banesinhji [aa] | Wankaner State (British Raj) | 12 June 1881 | 15 February 1948 | 24,353 | 66 years, 248 days | [83] | |
48 | Khengarji III | Cutch (British Raj) | 19 December 1875 | 15 January 1942 | 24,133 | 66 years, 27 days | [84] | |
49 | William IV the Victorious | Brunswick-Luneburg (Holy Roman Empire) | 14 October 1416 | 25 July 1482 | 24,025 | 65 years, 284 days | [85] | |
50 | Leopold III | Anhalt-Dessau (Holy Roman Empire) | 16 December 1751 | 9 August 1817 | 23,977 | 65 years, 236 days | [86] [87] | |
51 | Makino Tadakiyo | Nagaoka Domain (Japan) | 5 August 1766 | 17 August 1831 | 23,752 | 65 years, 12 days | [88] | |
52 | Obizzo I d'Este | Este and Ferrara (Holy Roman Empire) | 15 December 1128 | 25 December 1193 | 23,751 | 65 years, 10 days | [89] | |
53 | Jean I | Duchy of Brittany (France) | 21 October 1221 | 8 October 1286 | 23,728 | 64 years, 352 days | ||
54 | Frederick William | Hohenzollern-Hechingen (Holy Roman Empire) | 13 January 1671 | 14 November 1735 | 23,680 | 64 years, 305 days | ||
55 | Johann Seyfried von Eggenberg | Eggenberg (Holy Roman Empire) | 5 February 1649 | 5 November 1713 | 23,648 | 64 years, 273 days | [90] | |
56 | Gangadhar Rao III Bala Sahib Patwardhan | Miraj Senior (British Raj) | November 1874 | 23 June 1939 | 23,580 to 23,609 | 64 years, 205 days to 64 years, 234 days | [91] | |
57 | Marie II | County of Soissons (France) | 25 October 1482 | 1 April 1547 | 23,534 | 64 years, 158 days | [92] | |
58 | Vishwanath Singh Bahadur | Chhatarpur State (British Raj) | 4 November 1867 | 4 April 1932 | 23,527 | 64 years, 152 days | [93] | |
59 | Friedrich II Magnus | Salm-Neuweiler (Holy Roman Empire) | 26 October 1608 | 25 January 1673 | 23,467 | 64 years, 91 days | ||
60 | Ibrahim | Johor, Malaysia (part of British Malaya until 1957) | 4 June 1895 | 8 May 1959 | 23,348 | 63 years, 338 days | ||
61 | Raja Rampalji Bahadur | Kutlehar State (British Raj) | 15 January 1864 | 22 November 1927 | 23,321 | 63 years, 311 days | [94] [95] | |
62 | Sayajirao Gaekwad III | Baroda State (British Raj) | 27 May 1875 | 6 February 1939 | 23,265 | 63 years, 256 days | ||
63 | Albert Anton | Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (Holy Roman Empire) | 4 November 1646 | 24 June 1710 | 23,242 | 63 years, 232 days | ||
65 | Anthony Günther | Duchy of Oldenburg (Holy Roman Empire) | 12 November 1603 | 19 June 1667 | 23,230 | 63 years, 219 days | ||
66 | Udai Chand | Beja [q] | 30 December 1841 | 20 June 1905 | 23,182 | 63 years, 172 days | ||
67 | Frederick Augustus I [ab] | Saxony [ac] | 17 December 1763 | 5 May 1827 | 23,149 | 63 years, 139 days | ||
68 | Ludwig I | Principality of Anhalt (Holy Roman Empire) | 6 December 1586 | 7 January 1650 | 23,043 | 63 years, 32 days | [96] | |
69 | Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa | Bahrain [ad] | 1 December 1869 | 9 December 1932 [ae] | 23,018 | 63 years, 8 days | ||
70 | Charles III | Upper Lorraine (Holy Roman Empire) | 12 June 1545 | 14 May 1608 | 22,972 | 62 years, 327 days | ||
71 | Johann Friedrich II | Hohenlohe- Neuenstein- Öhringen (Holy Roman Empire) | 17 October 1702 | 24 August 1765 | 22,957 | 62 years, 311 days | ||
72 | Philipp Ernst | Hohenlohe- Waldenburg- Schillingsfürst (Holy Roman Empire) | 21 February 1697 | 29 November 1759 | 22,925 | 62 years, 281 days | ||
73 | Bernhard II | Saxe-Meiningen [af] | 24 December 1803 | 20 September 1866 | 22,916 | 62 years, 270 days | ||
74 | Philip II | Nassau-Weilburg (Holy Roman Empire) | 2 July 1429 | 19 March 1492 | 22,906 | 62 years, 261 days [ag] | ||
75 | Nicolas Leopold I [ de] | Salm-Hoogstraat (Holy Roman Empire) | 6 June 1707 | 4 February 1770 | 22,889 | 62 years, 243 days | ||
76 | Christian II [ah] | Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (Holy Roman Empire) | 6 September 1654 | 26 April 1717 | 22,877 | 62 years, 232 days | ||
77 | Léopold Philippe | Arenberg (Holy Roman Empire) | 19 August 1691 | 4 March 1754 | 22,842 | 62 years, 197 days | ||
78 | Hafiz Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan Bahadur | Tonk State (British Raj) | 20 December 1867 | 23 June 1930 | 22,830 | 62 years, 185 days | ||
79 | Saqr bin Mohammed Al Qasimi | Ras Al Khaimah (United Arab Emirates) | 17 July 1948 | 27 October 2010 | 22,747 | 62 years, 102 days | ||
80 | Hosokawa Tsunatoshi | Kumamoto Domain (Japan) | 18 April 1650 | 11 July 1712 | 22,729 | 62 years, 84 days | ||
81 | Nahar Singh | Shahpura State (British Raj) | 21 April 1870 | 24 June 1932 | 22,709 | 62 years, 64 days | ||
82 | Gopal Lal | Kamta-Rajaula State [q] | 29 November 1812 | 23 October 1874 | 22,608 | 61 years, 328 days | [97] | |
83 | Johann Christian I | Eggenberg (Holy Roman Empire) | 5 February 1649 | 14 December 1710 | 22,591 | 61 years, 312 days | [ citation needed] | |
84 | Tuanku Abdul Hamid Halim Shah | Kedah Kedah Sultanate (British Malaya) | 22 September 1881 | 13 May 1943 | 22,512 | 61 years, 233 days | ||
85 | Philipp IV | Waldeck-Wildungen (Holy Roman Empire) | 28 May 1513 | 30 November 1574 | 22,466 | 61 years, 186 days | ||
86 | Wakhat Singh Dalil Singh | Lunavada State (British Raj) | 31 October 1867 | 27 April 1929 | 22,458 | 61 years, 178 days | ||
87 | Paku Alam VIII | Pakualaman (part of Dutch East Indies until 1945 and part of Indonesia since 1945) | 12 April 1937 | 11 September 1998 | 22,432 | 61 years, 152 days | ||
88 | Victor Amadeus | Anhalt-Bernburg (Holy Roman Empire) | 22 September 1656 | 14 February 1718 | 22,414 | 61 years, 135 days | ||
89 | Kamei Koremasa | Tsuwano Domain (Japan) | 22 September 1619 | 6 February 1681 | 22,418 | 61 years, 137 days | ||
90 | Lakshman Singh, Maharawal of Banswara | Banswara State [q] | 2 February 1844 | 29 April 1905 | 22,366 | 61 years, 86 days | [ citation needed] | |
91 | Ulrich V | Württemberg-Stuttgart (Holy Roman Empire) | 2 July 1419 | 1 September 1480 | 22,342 | 61 years, 61 days [ai] | ||
92 | Ranbir Singh | Jind State (British Raj) | 7 March 1887 | 31 March 1948 | 22,304 | 61 years, 24 days [aj] | [ citation needed] | |
93 | Ernest Louis | Hesse-Darmstadt (Holy Roman Empire) | 31 August 1678 | 12 September 1739 | 22,291 | 61 years, 12 days | ||
94 | Johann Friedrich I | Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Öhringen (Holy Roman Empire) | 11 October 1641 | 17 October 1702 | 22,285 | 61 years, 6 days | ||
95 | Wilhelm Moritz II | Isenburg-Philippseich (Holy Roman Empire) | 8 March 1711 | 7 March 1772 | 22,280 | 60 years, 365 days | ||
96 | Christian Ernest | Stolberg-Wernigerode (Holy Roman Empire) | 27 August 1710 | 25 October 1771 | 22,339 | 61 years, 59 days | ||
97 | Adolf III | Schauenburg and Holstein (Holy Roman Empire) | 6 July 1164 | 3 January 1225 | 22,096 | 60 years, 181 days | ||
98 | Leopold Louis | Palatinate-Veldenz (Holy Roman Empire) | 3 June 1634 | 29 September 1694 | 22,033 | 60 years, 118 days | ||
99 | Friedrich Günther | Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt [ak] | 28 April 1807 | 28 June 1867 | 21,976 | 60 years, 61 days | [98] | |
100 | Johann Jakob I | Waldburg-Zeil (Holy Roman Empire) | 4 May 1614 [al] | 18 April 1674 | 21,899 | 59 years, 349 days |
These monarchs are grouped according to length of reign by year in whole numbers. Within each year-grouping, they appear in historical order. In a given year, there may have been a wide array of actual reign lengths based on days. Thus, this table does not present a precise ranking by length of reign. The list is limited to those that might reasonably be expected to lie within the range of those in the tables above, at minimum 56 years. The list is sorted alphabetically. Emphasised states were sovereign. Japanese legendary emperors, according to the ancient Japanese calendar, reigned for very long terms of 60–70 years each. The longest ruler of the legendary emperors, Emperor Kōan, was claimed to have reigned for about 101 years. These figures are not included in the table because they are regarded as inaccurate by modern scholars. For those, see Longevity myths. Rulers with both independent and dependent rules are combined.
The following states were not sovereign at the start of Queen Elizabeth II's reign in 1952, but became sovereign and later became republics during her reign:
The following states were not sovereign at the start of Queen Elizabeth II's reign in 1952, but became sovereign during her reign and retained her as Queen:
王於是築城于越裳,廣千丈,盤旋如螺形,故號螺城。[The King then built a citadel at Việt Thường, one-thousand- zhàng wide, whirling and swirling like the shape of a snail. Therefore, it was called Old Snail City (Loa Thành).][ better source needed]
This temple was built between approximately 1135-1150 by Codaganga
Jürgen von Beckerath (1997). Chronologie des Pharaonischen Ägypten. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. ISBN 9783805323109.