Ja is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages. [1]: 549–551
Mongolian language
Look up
ᠵ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
| Ja | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.svg) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| The Mongolian script | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mongolian vowels | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Mongolian consonants | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Foreign consonants | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Letter [2]: 13, 17, 24 [3]: 546 [4]: 212, 214 | |
|---|---|
| ǰ (j) | Transliteration [note 1] |
| ᠵ | Initial |
| ᠵ | Medial (syllable-initial) |
| — | Medial (syllable-final) |
| (ᠵ) | Final [note 2] |
| C-V syllables [6]: 28 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ǰ‑a, ǰ‑e | ǰa, ǰe | ǰi | ǰo | ǰu | ǰö, ǰü | Transliteration |
ᠵᠠ
⟨?⟩ ⟨
 ⟩
[a]
|
ᠵᠠ [b] | ᠵᠢ [c] | ᠵᠣ᠋ | ᠵᠥ᠋ | Alone | |
| ᠵᠣ [d] | — | |||||
| — | ᠵᠠ | ᠵᠢ | ᠵᠣ | ᠵᠥ | Initial | |
| ᠵᠠ | ᠵᠢ | ᠵᠣ | Medial | |||
| ᠵᠠ | ᠵᠢ | ᠵᠣ | Final | |||
- Transcribes Chakhar / d͡ʒ/; [12] [13] Khalkha / d͡ʒ/, and d͡z (Mongolian Cyrillic ж, and з, respectively). [12]: § 1.2 [14]: 2 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter ж. [6] [5]
- Derived from Old Uyghur yodh ( 𐽶; initial), and Old Uyghur (through early Mongolian) tsade ( 𐽽; medial). [8]: 59 [3]: 539–540, 545–546 [15]: 111, 113 [16]: 35
- Produced with J using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout. [17]
- In the Mongolian Unicode block, ǰ comes after č and before y.
Clear Script
Look up
ᡓ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Xibe language
Look up
ᡪ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Manchu language
Look up
ᠵ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Notes
- ^ [3]: 546 As in ǰ‑a ( за(а) za(a)) 'well', 'allright'; [2]: 24 [4]: 345 [7] emphatic final; [8]: 46, 59 ǰ‑a particle expressing presumption, probability, or hope; [10]: 1018 doubt-expressing ǰ‑a and corroborative ǰ‑e particle. [11]: 104
- ^ As in the interjection ᠵᠠ ǰa ( заа zaa) 'all right, yes, very good, well!, now then'. [10]: 1018
- ^ See the separated ᠶᠢ ⟨?⟩ ‑yi suffix.
- ^ As in ᠵᠣ ǰo ( зоо zoo) 'vertebrae'. [10]: 1065
References
- ^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ a b Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
- ^ a b c Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
- ^ a b Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.
- ^ a b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
- ^ a b Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
- ^ "Mongolian State Dictionary". Mongol toli (in Mongolian). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ a b Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
- ^ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
- ^ a b c Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü. [9]
- ^ Chiodo, Elisabetta (2000). The Mongolian Manuscripts on Birch Bark from Xarbuxyn Balgas in the Collection of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-05714-1.
- ^ a b "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ "Mongolian / ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ Moŋġol" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2015-12-27.
- ^ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
- ^ Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
- ^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
Ja is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages. [1]: 549–551
Mongolian language
Look up
ᠵ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
| Ja | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
| The Mongolian script | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mongolian vowels | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mongolian consonants | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign consonants | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Letter [2]: 13, 17, 24 [3]: 546 [4]: 212, 214 | |
|---|---|
| ǰ (j) | Transliteration [note 1] |
| ᠵ | Initial |
| ᠵ | Medial (syllable-initial) |
| — | Medial (syllable-final) |
| (ᠵ) | Final [note 2] |
| C-V syllables [6]: 28 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ǰ‑a, ǰ‑e | ǰa, ǰe | ǰi | ǰo | ǰu | ǰö, ǰü | Transliteration |
| ᠵᠠ
⟨?⟩ ⟨
⟩
[a]
|
ᠵᠠ [b] | ᠵᠢ [c] | ᠵᠣ᠋ | ᠵᠥ᠋ | Alone | |
| ᠵᠣ [d] | — | |||||
| — | ᠵᠠ | ᠵᠢ | ᠵᠣ | ᠵᠥ | Initial | |
| ᠵᠠ | ᠵᠢ | ᠵᠣ | Medial | |||
| ᠵᠠ | ᠵᠢ | ᠵᠣ | Final | |||
- Transcribes Chakhar / d͡ʒ/; [12] [13] Khalkha / d͡ʒ/, and d͡z (Mongolian Cyrillic ж, and з, respectively). [12]: § 1.2 [14]: 2 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter ж. [6] [5]
- Derived from Old Uyghur yodh ( 𐽶; initial), and Old Uyghur (through early Mongolian) tsade ( 𐽽; medial). [8]: 59 [3]: 539–540, 545–546 [15]: 111, 113 [16]: 35
- Produced with J using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout. [17]
- In the Mongolian Unicode block, ǰ comes after č and before y.
Clear Script
Look up
ᡓ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Xibe language
Look up
ᡪ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Manchu language
Look up
ᠵ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Notes
- ^ [3]: 546 As in ǰ‑a ( за(а) za(a)) 'well', 'allright'; [2]: 24 [4]: 345 [7] emphatic final; [8]: 46, 59 ǰ‑a particle expressing presumption, probability, or hope; [10]: 1018 doubt-expressing ǰ‑a and corroborative ǰ‑e particle. [11]: 104
- ^ As in the interjection ᠵᠠ ǰa ( заа zaa) 'all right, yes, very good, well!, now then'. [10]: 1018
- ^ See the separated ᠶᠢ ⟨?⟩ ‑yi suffix.
- ^ As in ᠵᠣ ǰo ( зоо zoo) 'vertebrae'. [10]: 1065
References
- ^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ a b Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
- ^ a b c Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
- ^ a b Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.
- ^ a b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
- ^ a b Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
- ^ "Mongolian State Dictionary". Mongol toli (in Mongolian). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ a b Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
- ^ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
- ^ a b c Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü. [9]
- ^ Chiodo, Elisabetta (2000). The Mongolian Manuscripts on Birch Bark from Xarbuxyn Balgas in the Collection of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-05714-1.
- ^ a b "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ "Mongolian / ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ Moŋġol" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2015-12-27.
- ^ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
- ^ Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
- ^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.