Indonesian Arabic
Local Arabic
Bahasa Arab Lokal Bahasa Arab Indonesia العربية الاندونيسية
Native to	Indonesia (enclaves area of Arab descent and Islamic boarding school)
Ethnicity	Arab Indonesians Santri (formal)
Native speakers	60,000 ( 2010) [1]
Language family	Afro-Asiatic Semitic West Semitic Central Semitic Arabic Peninsular Yemeni Hadhrami Indonesian Arabic
Writing system	Arabic script
Official status
Recognised minority language in	Indonesia
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None
Locations where Indonesian Arabic is used in enclaves are indicated by blue circles; especially found in eastern part of Java.
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Indonesian Arabic ( Arabic: العربية الاندونيسية; also called Local Arabic) is a varieties of Arabic spoken in Indonesia. Indonesian Arabic is mainly spoken by Arabs descendants and santri who study Arabic in Islamic educational institutions or pesantren. This language generally has interspersed words from regional languages in Indonesia in its usage, according to the region where this language is spoken.

History

If viewed from a historical aspect, Arabic language and culture have been known since the arrival of Islam to the Malay Archipelago, which means that long before Indonesian independence, Arabic had begun to be known by native peoples. If we trace the relationship between Arabic and Islam in Indonesia, So Arabic culture and language have a big influence on people's lives and culture Islam Nusantara (Indonesian Islam), for example, in terms of the language used daily by society, where Arabic is one of the foreign elements that contributes quite a lot of vocabulary to native languages in Indonesia, including Indonesian. ^[2]

The development of the Arabic language occurred due to the arrival of Arab traders and Persians in Indonesia over a long period of time. It is known that Arabic language and literature are thought to have existed in Indonesia since the early 7th to 8th centuries AD and began to develop rapidly in the 9th to 12th centuries AD, where this theory is supported and agreed upon by Hamka, van Leur, and T.W. Arnold. ^[2]

Usages

The Arabic language spoken in Indonesia is generally used by people of Arabs descent and Islamic boarding school students, mainly based on Hadhrami Arabic brought by Arab traders originating from Hadhramaut, Yemen. ^{[3] [4]} This language is unique, namely a mixture of vocabulary in Arabic and Indonesian as well as other regional languages, This is certainly different from the standard Arabic used by 21st century Arab expatriates. This language is generally used in Islamic education places or pesantren and villages inhabited by people of Arabs descent or called Kampung Arab (Arabs Village). ^{[5] [6]}

Arabic in Indonesia is generally spoken by Arabs descendants in Bogor (Empang and Cisarua), Surabaya ( Ampel), Bangkalan (Kamal), Jakarta (Pekojan), Gresik, Pekalongan, Kediri, Pasuruan ( Bangil), Bondowoso, Banjarmasin, Palembang, Palu (Talise), Ambon, as well as regions with significant populations of Arabs descent in Indonesia. ^[7] The number of speakers currently is approximately half of Arabs descent or perhaps not even that much, this does not include santri who use it as a formal language, based on a rough calculation of approximately 60,000 speakers as of 2010. ^[1] Instead of retaining their Arabic, young people usually prefer to use Malay-based creole, where they actually play quite a big role in conveying their Arabic, but then change it to suit local pronunciation, a big example is Betawi language, where the majority of Arabs descent in urban areas of Jakarta currently use this language. ^[8]

Mispronunciation

It was revealed that the use of Arabic is quite heavily influenced by syntax in Indonesian, especially among students in pesantren. Phrases such as lâ mâdza-mâdza لا ماذا ماذا (it's okay) or maujûd-maujûd faqath موجود موجود فقط (it's just something) are some mispronunciation examples of Arabic syntax in Islamic boarding schools which then result in reduplication words. Actually, if you look at it word for word in Indonesian, this example is not wrong, but if combined it becomes less precise and cannot be understood, it cannot even be found in other varieties of Arabic, because the expression does not exist in their language. The correct expression in standard Arabic for the expression 'it's okay' is lâ ba'sa لا بأس or it could also be laisa musykilah ليس مشكلة. While the expression 'just whatever' basically shows a response to something that is considered a joke or something unusual, can then be translated into standard Arabic to become laqad mazahta لقد مزحت (just kidding you) or it could also be hâdzaâ sya'un jadîd هذا شيء جديد (this is something new). ^[9]

The inaccuracy of using expressions like this in this variation of Arabic is of course due to the influence of Indonesian, or more precisely influenced by colloquial Indonesian. Another cause could be their lack of understanding of rules in Arabic and knowledge about it, or it could also be because expressions like that have become commonplace in forming Arabic sentences among Islamic students. Native speakers of other varieties of Arabic may say or consider it to be an Arabic language with poor pronunciation and grammar. ^[9]

See also

• Arab Indonesians
• Hadhrami Arabic
• Varieties of Arabic

References

External links

• Kamus Bahasa Arab : Arab - Indonesia - Indonesia - Arab

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