March 19 –
Battle of Adramyttion: The Byzantine army, under
Constantine Laskaris (brother of Theodore I), appears before the walls of
Adramyttium – surprising the Latin garrison. Meanwhile,
Henry of Flanders, not wanting to remain trapped within the city, opens the gates and charges out with his heavy cavalry. He and his knights defeat the Byzantine forces, who are scattered and forced to retreat.[2]
March – Byzantine officials in
Adrianople revolt and expel Latin administrators, requesting Bulgarian support from
Kaloyan, ruler (tsar) of the
Bulgarian Empire, against Baldwin I who assembles an army (some 40,000 men) and marches to aid the Byzantines. Meanwhile, Baldwin sets out from
Constantinople in force, he arrives at Adrianople and promptly begins to siege the city by the end of March.
April 14 –
Battle of Adrianople: Latin forces under Baldwin I are defeated and eliminated in a successful ambush by Bulgarians,
Vlachs and
Cumans. Baldwin is captured and taken as prisoner to
Veliko Tarnovo – where he is locked up at the top of a tower in the
Tsarevets fortress. Later, Baldwin is possibly executed by orders of Kaloyan (this according to the Byzantine historian
George Akropolites).[3]
May 29 –
Andrew II, brother of the late King
Emeric, is crowned ruler of
Hungary and
Croatia at
Székesfehérvár, after his 5-year-old nephew,
Ladislaus III, suddenly dies in
Vienna. Andrew introduces a new policy for royal grants, which he calls "new institutions". He distributes large portions of his domain–such as royal castles and all estates attached to them–to supporters and Hungarian nobles.[6]
Summer – King
Philip II (Augustus) conquers most of the
Angevin lands, including much of
Aquitaine. Fearing a French invasion of
England itself, King
John (Lackland) requires every English male over 12 years to enter a
mobilization "for the general defense of the realm and the preservation of peace". John prepares an expedition force of his own, but the barons refuse to cross the
Channel.[8]
^Setton, Kenneth M. (1976). "A Note on Michael Choniates, Archbishop of Athens (1182–1204)", p. 235.
^Wihoda, Martin (2015). Vladislaus Henry: The Formation of the Moravian Identity, p. 93. Brill.
^Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary (895–1526), pp. 91–92. I.B. Tauris Publishers.
ISBN1-86064-061-3.
^David Nicolle & Viacheslav Shpakovsky (2001). Osprey: Campaign Nr. 98: Kalka River 1223. Genghis Khan's Mongols invade Russia, p. 19.
ISBN1-84176-233-4.
^King John by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 111.
^King John by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 130.
^Lock, Peter (2006). The Routledge Companion to the Crusades, p. 103. Routledge.
ISBN978-0-415-39312-6.
^Picard, Christophe (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
^Moawad, Samuel (August 2012). Thomas, David (ed.). Christian-Muslim Relations A Bibliographical History Volume 4 (1200 - 1350). Leiden Boston: Brill Publishers (published 2012). p. 566.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (
link)
^(ES)Luis Suárez Fernández, Historia de Espana antigua y media, (Ediciones Rialp, S.A., 1976), 29.
March 19 –
Battle of Adramyttion: The Byzantine army, under
Constantine Laskaris (brother of Theodore I), appears before the walls of
Adramyttium – surprising the Latin garrison. Meanwhile,
Henry of Flanders, not wanting to remain trapped within the city, opens the gates and charges out with his heavy cavalry. He and his knights defeat the Byzantine forces, who are scattered and forced to retreat.[2]
March – Byzantine officials in
Adrianople revolt and expel Latin administrators, requesting Bulgarian support from
Kaloyan, ruler (tsar) of the
Bulgarian Empire, against Baldwin I who assembles an army (some 40,000 men) and marches to aid the Byzantines. Meanwhile, Baldwin sets out from
Constantinople in force, he arrives at Adrianople and promptly begins to siege the city by the end of March.
April 14 –
Battle of Adrianople: Latin forces under Baldwin I are defeated and eliminated in a successful ambush by Bulgarians,
Vlachs and
Cumans. Baldwin is captured and taken as prisoner to
Veliko Tarnovo – where he is locked up at the top of a tower in the
Tsarevets fortress. Later, Baldwin is possibly executed by orders of Kaloyan (this according to the Byzantine historian
George Akropolites).[3]
May 29 –
Andrew II, brother of the late King
Emeric, is crowned ruler of
Hungary and
Croatia at
Székesfehérvár, after his 5-year-old nephew,
Ladislaus III, suddenly dies in
Vienna. Andrew introduces a new policy for royal grants, which he calls "new institutions". He distributes large portions of his domain–such as royal castles and all estates attached to them–to supporters and Hungarian nobles.[6]
Summer – King
Philip II (Augustus) conquers most of the
Angevin lands, including much of
Aquitaine. Fearing a French invasion of
England itself, King
John (Lackland) requires every English male over 12 years to enter a
mobilization "for the general defense of the realm and the preservation of peace". John prepares an expedition force of his own, but the barons refuse to cross the
Channel.[8]
^Setton, Kenneth M. (1976). "A Note on Michael Choniates, Archbishop of Athens (1182–1204)", p. 235.
^Wihoda, Martin (2015). Vladislaus Henry: The Formation of the Moravian Identity, p. 93. Brill.
^Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary (895–1526), pp. 91–92. I.B. Tauris Publishers.
ISBN1-86064-061-3.
^David Nicolle & Viacheslav Shpakovsky (2001). Osprey: Campaign Nr. 98: Kalka River 1223. Genghis Khan's Mongols invade Russia, p. 19.
ISBN1-84176-233-4.
^King John by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 111.
^King John by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 130.
^Lock, Peter (2006). The Routledge Companion to the Crusades, p. 103. Routledge.
ISBN978-0-415-39312-6.
^Picard, Christophe (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
^Moawad, Samuel (August 2012). Thomas, David (ed.). Christian-Muslim Relations A Bibliographical History Volume 4 (1200 - 1350). Leiden Boston: Brill Publishers (published 2012). p. 566.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (
link)
^(ES)Luis Suárez Fernández, Historia de Espana antigua y media, (Ediciones Rialp, S.A., 1976), 29.