Mardavij ibn Ziyar is sent by
Asfar ibn Shiruya along with his brother Shirzad, to capture the fortress of Shamiran in
Tarom (Northern
Iran), the capital of the
Sallarid ruler
Muhammad ibn Musafir. During the
siege Mardavij is persuaded to revolt against Asfar, by letters from
Makan ibn Kaki. With the help of the sons of the Sallarid, he kills other members of his tribe, including Shirzad. Mardavij founds the
Ziyarid Dynasty and becomes the ruler of Asfar's former territories, which include
Rey, Qazvin,
Zanjan,
Abhar,
Qom and
Karaj.
Asia
October 16 –
Emperor Daigo of Japan, being fatally ill, abdicates in favor of his 7-year-old son
Suzaku, after a 33-year reign. He enters the
Buddhist priesthood, but dies shortly after. Former Emperor
Uda (Daigo's father), remains the power behind the Japanese
throne (until
931).
King
Harald Fairhair of
Norway dies after a 59-year reign as the
Scandinavian nation's first ruler. He divides the kingdom among his many sons (about 25 years ago) to bring peace. Unable to travel through the country - and perform his royal duties, Harald hands over power to his favorite son
Eric Bloodaxe, who allegedly kills at least two of his brothers to gain the Norwegian throne that he will hold (approximate date).
Ramiro II forces the abdication of his brother
Alfonso IV and becomes king of
León (Northern
Spain). He has Alfonso and
Fruela's three sons blinded in order to make them incapable of ruling.[3]
Ramiro II expands the border eastwards (nearly to the
Pyrenees) and captures
Burgos and the surrounding land. This land would soon be known as the
County of Castile (approximate date).
Summer –
Alberic II leads an uprising at
Rome against his stepfather
Hugh of Provence, king of
Italy, after he is insulted at the wedding of his mother,
Marozia. Alberic seizes the
Lateran Palace, and Hugh escapes with an escort out of the city. Marozia is captured and put in prison. Alberic takes control of the city and appoints himself as the ruler (princeps) of Rome.
Doge
Orso II Participazio retires voluntarily to a
monastery, marking the end of the Participazio dominance of the Venetian dogeship. He is succeeded by
Pietro II Candiano, the son and namesake of the earlier doge
Pietro I.
Pietro II and
Capodistria make a trade agreement without imperial authorization, the self-proclaimed "Marquis" Wintkar forbids repaying any debts to
Venice. Pietro begins an economic
blockade of
Istrian cities.[4]
Summer –
Pope John XI is forced to grant power over Rome to his half-brother Alberic II, who is invested as "Prince and Senator of all Romans". John is to resign himself to spiritual leadership of the
Catholic Church.
Spring –
Hugh of Provence, king of
Italy, launches an expedition to
Rome to remove the Roman ruler (princeps)
Alberic II and avenge his humiliation (see
932). It fails, however, as Roman civic
militias repel the
Lombard army. Hugh ravages the Italian countryside, before he withdraws to
Pavia.[5]
King
Henry I ("the Fowler") pacifies the territories to the north, where the Danish
Vikings have been harrying the
Frisians by sea. He defeats the
Danes petty King Gnupa, and conquers
Hedeby.
Haakon I ("the Good"), a son of the late King
Harald Fairhair, once again reunites the kingdom after he has deposed his half-brother
Eric Bloodaxe. Haakon is installed as king of
Norway.
The
Eldgjá volcanic eruption is the largest
basalt flood in history (first documented).
March 16 –
Meng Zhixiang, a military governor (jiedushi), declares himself emperor (formally called "Gaozu") and establishes
Later Shu as a new Chinese state, independent of
Later Tang. He dies after a short-lived five-month reign and is succeeded by his son
Meng Chang.
January – Emir
Mardavij, founder of the
Ziyarid dynasty, is murdered by his
Turkish slaves. He is succeeded by his brother and general
Vushmgir, who is crowned as the new Ziyarid ruler in
Rey (modern
Iran).
Asia
March – King
Gyeon Hwon of
Hubaekje is overthrown by his eldest son
Kyon Singom (who is crowned on November 15) and put in prison, but he is able to escape.
November 17 –
Wang Yanjun, Emperor Huizong of Min (
Ten Kingdoms), is killed in his own palace in an uprising together with his empress consort and several clansmen, and succeeded as second emperor by his son
Wang Jipeng.
Summer –
Hugh of Provence, king of
Italy, dispatches his son and co-ruler
Lothair II with a third expedition to
Rome to dislodge
Alberic II. Assault after assault is repulsed by the Roman civic
militia. At length, weakened by an
epidemic, the
Lombard nobles press on Hugh to accept a peace treaty mediated by
Odo of Cluny.
A
Hungarian army invades
Franconia and occupies
Fulda. They are attacked by
East Frankish forces and forced to go westwards. Otto I moves against the rebellious
Elbe Slavs.[13]
July 11 – King
Rudolph II of Burgundy dies after a 25-year reign, and is succeeded by his 12-year-old son
Conrad I ("the Peaceful"). His wife, Queen
Bertha, takes effective control of unified Burgundy, transferring its capital to
Arles (that Burgundian kingdom was later known from the 12th century as the
Kingdom of Arles).[15]
King
Otto I refuses to give land to his older (illegitimate) half-brother
Thankmar, who gains the support of
Eberhard III (duke of
Franconia) and
Wichmann the Elder, and seizes the fortress of
Eresburg. Otto assumes direct rule over Franconia, and dissolves it into smaller counties.[16]
King
Hugh of Arles (king of Italy) travels to
Colombier (
Switzerland) and marries Rudolph's widow Bertha. He takes Conrad I under his tutelage and betroths Rudolph's 6-year-old daughter
Adelaide with his own son and co-ruler
Lothair II.
Taira no Masakado, a Japanese
nobleman, leads one of the largest insurgent forces in the
Heian period against the imperial court at
Kyoto.[21] Masakado has acquired enough power to govern the
Kantō region (northwest of
Edo) and calls himself the 'new emperor' (shinnō).
^Halm, Heinz (1991). Das Reich des Mahdi: Der Aufstieg der Fatimiden [The Empire of the Mahdi: The Rise of the Fatimids] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck. pp. 229–230.
ISBN978-3-406-35497-7.
^[1]. Italian History - Timeline Lombard Leagues Board, p. 11.
^Collins, Roger (1983). Early Medieval Spain. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 241.
ISBN0-312-22464-8.
^[2]. Italian History - Timeline Lombard Leagues Board, p. 11.
^[3]. Italian History - Timeline Lombard Leagues Board, p. 11.
^Timothy Reuter (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III, p. 543.
ISBN978-0-521-36447-8.
^Pierre Riché, The Carolingians: A Family who Forged Europe, trans. Michael Idomir Allen (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993), pp. 252–253.
^Gilbert Meynier (2010) L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte; p. 41.
^Timothy Reuter (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III, p. 543.
ISBN978-0-521-36447-8.
^Steven A. Epstein, Genoa and the Genoese, 958–1528. (The University of North Carolina Press, 1996), p.14.
Mardavij ibn Ziyar is sent by
Asfar ibn Shiruya along with his brother Shirzad, to capture the fortress of Shamiran in
Tarom (Northern
Iran), the capital of the
Sallarid ruler
Muhammad ibn Musafir. During the
siege Mardavij is persuaded to revolt against Asfar, by letters from
Makan ibn Kaki. With the help of the sons of the Sallarid, he kills other members of his tribe, including Shirzad. Mardavij founds the
Ziyarid Dynasty and becomes the ruler of Asfar's former territories, which include
Rey, Qazvin,
Zanjan,
Abhar,
Qom and
Karaj.
Asia
October 16 –
Emperor Daigo of Japan, being fatally ill, abdicates in favor of his 7-year-old son
Suzaku, after a 33-year reign. He enters the
Buddhist priesthood, but dies shortly after. Former Emperor
Uda (Daigo's father), remains the power behind the Japanese
throne (until
931).
King
Harald Fairhair of
Norway dies after a 59-year reign as the
Scandinavian nation's first ruler. He divides the kingdom among his many sons (about 25 years ago) to bring peace. Unable to travel through the country - and perform his royal duties, Harald hands over power to his favorite son
Eric Bloodaxe, who allegedly kills at least two of his brothers to gain the Norwegian throne that he will hold (approximate date).
Ramiro II forces the abdication of his brother
Alfonso IV and becomes king of
León (Northern
Spain). He has Alfonso and
Fruela's three sons blinded in order to make them incapable of ruling.[3]
Ramiro II expands the border eastwards (nearly to the
Pyrenees) and captures
Burgos and the surrounding land. This land would soon be known as the
County of Castile (approximate date).
Summer –
Alberic II leads an uprising at
Rome against his stepfather
Hugh of Provence, king of
Italy, after he is insulted at the wedding of his mother,
Marozia. Alberic seizes the
Lateran Palace, and Hugh escapes with an escort out of the city. Marozia is captured and put in prison. Alberic takes control of the city and appoints himself as the ruler (princeps) of Rome.
Doge
Orso II Participazio retires voluntarily to a
monastery, marking the end of the Participazio dominance of the Venetian dogeship. He is succeeded by
Pietro II Candiano, the son and namesake of the earlier doge
Pietro I.
Pietro II and
Capodistria make a trade agreement without imperial authorization, the self-proclaimed "Marquis" Wintkar forbids repaying any debts to
Venice. Pietro begins an economic
blockade of
Istrian cities.[4]
Summer –
Pope John XI is forced to grant power over Rome to his half-brother Alberic II, who is invested as "Prince and Senator of all Romans". John is to resign himself to spiritual leadership of the
Catholic Church.
Spring –
Hugh of Provence, king of
Italy, launches an expedition to
Rome to remove the Roman ruler (princeps)
Alberic II and avenge his humiliation (see
932). It fails, however, as Roman civic
militias repel the
Lombard army. Hugh ravages the Italian countryside, before he withdraws to
Pavia.[5]
King
Henry I ("the Fowler") pacifies the territories to the north, where the Danish
Vikings have been harrying the
Frisians by sea. He defeats the
Danes petty King Gnupa, and conquers
Hedeby.
Haakon I ("the Good"), a son of the late King
Harald Fairhair, once again reunites the kingdom after he has deposed his half-brother
Eric Bloodaxe. Haakon is installed as king of
Norway.
The
Eldgjá volcanic eruption is the largest
basalt flood in history (first documented).
March 16 –
Meng Zhixiang, a military governor (jiedushi), declares himself emperor (formally called "Gaozu") and establishes
Later Shu as a new Chinese state, independent of
Later Tang. He dies after a short-lived five-month reign and is succeeded by his son
Meng Chang.
January – Emir
Mardavij, founder of the
Ziyarid dynasty, is murdered by his
Turkish slaves. He is succeeded by his brother and general
Vushmgir, who is crowned as the new Ziyarid ruler in
Rey (modern
Iran).
Asia
March – King
Gyeon Hwon of
Hubaekje is overthrown by his eldest son
Kyon Singom (who is crowned on November 15) and put in prison, but he is able to escape.
November 17 –
Wang Yanjun, Emperor Huizong of Min (
Ten Kingdoms), is killed in his own palace in an uprising together with his empress consort and several clansmen, and succeeded as second emperor by his son
Wang Jipeng.
Summer –
Hugh of Provence, king of
Italy, dispatches his son and co-ruler
Lothair II with a third expedition to
Rome to dislodge
Alberic II. Assault after assault is repulsed by the Roman civic
militia. At length, weakened by an
epidemic, the
Lombard nobles press on Hugh to accept a peace treaty mediated by
Odo of Cluny.
A
Hungarian army invades
Franconia and occupies
Fulda. They are attacked by
East Frankish forces and forced to go westwards. Otto I moves against the rebellious
Elbe Slavs.[13]
July 11 – King
Rudolph II of Burgundy dies after a 25-year reign, and is succeeded by his 12-year-old son
Conrad I ("the Peaceful"). His wife, Queen
Bertha, takes effective control of unified Burgundy, transferring its capital to
Arles (that Burgundian kingdom was later known from the 12th century as the
Kingdom of Arles).[15]
King
Otto I refuses to give land to his older (illegitimate) half-brother
Thankmar, who gains the support of
Eberhard III (duke of
Franconia) and
Wichmann the Elder, and seizes the fortress of
Eresburg. Otto assumes direct rule over Franconia, and dissolves it into smaller counties.[16]
King
Hugh of Arles (king of Italy) travels to
Colombier (
Switzerland) and marries Rudolph's widow Bertha. He takes Conrad I under his tutelage and betroths Rudolph's 6-year-old daughter
Adelaide with his own son and co-ruler
Lothair II.
Taira no Masakado, a Japanese
nobleman, leads one of the largest insurgent forces in the
Heian period against the imperial court at
Kyoto.[21] Masakado has acquired enough power to govern the
Kantō region (northwest of
Edo) and calls himself the 'new emperor' (shinnō).
^Halm, Heinz (1991). Das Reich des Mahdi: Der Aufstieg der Fatimiden [The Empire of the Mahdi: The Rise of the Fatimids] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck. pp. 229–230.
ISBN978-3-406-35497-7.
^[1]. Italian History - Timeline Lombard Leagues Board, p. 11.
^Collins, Roger (1983). Early Medieval Spain. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 241.
ISBN0-312-22464-8.
^[2]. Italian History - Timeline Lombard Leagues Board, p. 11.
^[3]. Italian History - Timeline Lombard Leagues Board, p. 11.
^Timothy Reuter (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III, p. 543.
ISBN978-0-521-36447-8.
^Pierre Riché, The Carolingians: A Family who Forged Europe, trans. Michael Idomir Allen (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993), pp. 252–253.
^Gilbert Meynier (2010) L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte; p. 41.
^Timothy Reuter (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III, p. 543.
ISBN978-0-521-36447-8.
^Steven A. Epstein, Genoa and the Genoese, 958–1528. (The University of North Carolina Press, 1996), p.14.