c. 2551–2526 BC: Reign of
Khufu, second pharaoh of the
Fourth Dynasty. The height of the
Old Kingdom under the reigns of Khufu,
Khafre and
Menkaure. Khufu leads an expedition in
Sinai and has the
Great Pyramid of Giza built. During his reign, the solar cult of
Ra prevails, as evidenced by the
Khufu ship. His successor,
Djedefre, is the first pharaoh to refer to himself by the epithet "Son of Ra". The pharaoh's divine filiation asserts itself in the second part of the Fourth Dynasty: the
royal title is definitively fixed with the appearance of a
fifth royal name preceded by the title "Son of Ra".[2]vical ,ionron/meltal 'kingdom ti the end of life
2560–2525 BC: Reign of
Mesannepada, king of Ur. The city, which had only 4,000 citizens at the time, would become a large capital during the 40 years of Mesannepada's reign. Its opulence was brought about by its commercial activity: Ur's southern river port concentrated Mesopotamian trade with clients along the
Persian Gulf shores.[4]
2550 BC: Reign of
Mesilim, king of Kish. He was an apparent
suzerain over the Lagash king Luga-shag-engur and the Adab king
Nin-kisalsi. A conflict between Lagash and the neighboring Umma begins over fields claimed by each of the parties. An initial crisis is settled by Mesilim in favor of Lagash.[4]
2540 BC: Mesannepada, who has already dominated the city of
Nippur, takes advantage of an eclipse of power in Kish (caused by an incursion by the
Elamites of
Awan) to seize the city. He becomes the ruler of all of Lower Mesopotamia as he becomes the king of Kish, and his name appears on a pearl in
Mari.[4]
c. 2551–2526 BC: Reign of
Khufu, second pharaoh of the
Fourth Dynasty. The height of the
Old Kingdom under the reigns of Khufu,
Khafre and
Menkaure. Khufu leads an expedition in
Sinai and has the
Great Pyramid of Giza built. During his reign, the solar cult of
Ra prevails, as evidenced by the
Khufu ship. His successor,
Djedefre, is the first pharaoh to refer to himself by the epithet "Son of Ra". The pharaoh's divine filiation asserts itself in the second part of the Fourth Dynasty: the
royal title is definitively fixed with the appearance of a
fifth royal name preceded by the title "Son of Ra".[2]vical ,ionron/meltal 'kingdom ti the end of life
2560–2525 BC: Reign of
Mesannepada, king of Ur. The city, which had only 4,000 citizens at the time, would become a large capital during the 40 years of Mesannepada's reign. Its opulence was brought about by its commercial activity: Ur's southern river port concentrated Mesopotamian trade with clients along the
Persian Gulf shores.[4]
2550 BC: Reign of
Mesilim, king of Kish. He was an apparent
suzerain over the Lagash king Luga-shag-engur and the Adab king
Nin-kisalsi. A conflict between Lagash and the neighboring Umma begins over fields claimed by each of the parties. An initial crisis is settled by Mesilim in favor of Lagash.[4]
2540 BC: Mesannepada, who has already dominated the city of
Nippur, takes advantage of an eclipse of power in Kish (caused by an incursion by the
Elamites of
Awan) to seize the city. He becomes the ruler of all of Lower Mesopotamia as he becomes the king of Kish, and his name appears on a pearl in
Mari.[4]