In 1881,
Eadweard Muybridge first visited
Étienne-Jules Marey's studio in France and viewed
stop-motion studies before returning to the United States to further his own work in the same area.[1] The
Chronophotography of Muybridge and Marey was a predecessor to
cinematography and the moving film. It also had a profound influence on the beginnings of
Cubism and
Futurism. Chronophotography involved a series or succession of different images, originally created and used for the scientific study of movement.[2][3]
In 1881,
Ottomar Anschütz created his first
instantaneous photographs. By 1882, he had developed a portable camera that allowed
shutter speeds as short as 1/1000 of a second. The quality of his pictures was generally regarded to be much higher than that of the chronophotography works of Eadweard Muybridge and Étienne-Jules Marey.[4]By 1886, Anschütz had developed the
Electrotachyscope, an early device that displayed short motion picture loops with 24 glass plate photographs on a 1.5 meter wide rotating wheel that was hand-cranked to the speed of circa 30 frames per second. Different versions were shown at many international exhibitions, fairs, conventions and arcades from 1887 until at least 1894. [5][4]
In 1881,
Eadweard Muybridge collected his chronophotographic pictures in the portfolio The Attitudes of Animals in Motion, showcasing a technique that resembles
stop motion. Muybridge kept the edition very limited because of his plans for related book projects with
Leland Stanford and
Étienne-Jules Marey.[6]
Births
August
August 28:
Joseph Rosenberg, Hungarian-American bank executive (approved loans to the
Walt Disney Animation Studios and influenced the
animation studio's decision making, approved loans for the production of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, issued a 1941 ultimatum which restricted the Disney studio to only produce new animation shorts and to finish the animated features which were already in production, with no other new productions allowed), (d.
1971).[7][8][9][10]
October
October 20:
Norman Whitten, English
silent film producer, director, and actor (founder of the General Film Supply company (GFS), credited for creating
Ireland's first animated film), (d.
1969).[11][12][13]
^Brookman, Philip; Marta Braun; Andy Grundberg; Corey Keller; Rebecca Solnit (2010). Helios : Eadweard Muybridge in a time of change. [Göttingen, Germany]: Steidl. p. 91.
ISBN9783865219268.
^Tomkins, Calvin (1996). Duchamp: A Biography. U.S.: Henry Holt and Company, Inc.
ISBN0-8050-5789-7
In 1881,
Eadweard Muybridge first visited
Étienne-Jules Marey's studio in France and viewed
stop-motion studies before returning to the United States to further his own work in the same area.[1] The
Chronophotography of Muybridge and Marey was a predecessor to
cinematography and the moving film. It also had a profound influence on the beginnings of
Cubism and
Futurism. Chronophotography involved a series or succession of different images, originally created and used for the scientific study of movement.[2][3]
In 1881,
Ottomar Anschütz created his first
instantaneous photographs. By 1882, he had developed a portable camera that allowed
shutter speeds as short as 1/1000 of a second. The quality of his pictures was generally regarded to be much higher than that of the chronophotography works of Eadweard Muybridge and Étienne-Jules Marey.[4]By 1886, Anschütz had developed the
Electrotachyscope, an early device that displayed short motion picture loops with 24 glass plate photographs on a 1.5 meter wide rotating wheel that was hand-cranked to the speed of circa 30 frames per second. Different versions were shown at many international exhibitions, fairs, conventions and arcades from 1887 until at least 1894. [5][4]
In 1881,
Eadweard Muybridge collected his chronophotographic pictures in the portfolio The Attitudes of Animals in Motion, showcasing a technique that resembles
stop motion. Muybridge kept the edition very limited because of his plans for related book projects with
Leland Stanford and
Étienne-Jules Marey.[6]
Births
August
August 28:
Joseph Rosenberg, Hungarian-American bank executive (approved loans to the
Walt Disney Animation Studios and influenced the
animation studio's decision making, approved loans for the production of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, issued a 1941 ultimatum which restricted the Disney studio to only produce new animation shorts and to finish the animated features which were already in production, with no other new productions allowed), (d.
1971).[7][8][9][10]
October
October 20:
Norman Whitten, English
silent film producer, director, and actor (founder of the General Film Supply company (GFS), credited for creating
Ireland's first animated film), (d.
1969).[11][12][13]
^Brookman, Philip; Marta Braun; Andy Grundberg; Corey Keller; Rebecca Solnit (2010). Helios : Eadweard Muybridge in a time of change. [Göttingen, Germany]: Steidl. p. 91.
ISBN9783865219268.
^Tomkins, Calvin (1996). Duchamp: A Biography. U.S.: Henry Holt and Company, Inc.
ISBN0-8050-5789-7