This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1734.

Events

• March 29 – Louis-Gabriel Guillemain becomes first violinist at the Royal Academy in Dijon.
• April 23 – Johann Sebastian Bach gives the Leipzig première of Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel's Passion Oratorio Ein Lämmlein geht und trägt die Schuld at St. Thomas Church, Leipzig.
• The London subscription company called the Royal Academy of Music is wound up as a result of difficulties including arguments between Handel and his singers.
• Approximate date of the William Dixon manuscript of music for the Border pipes.

Classical music

• Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach – Harpsichord Concerto in E-flat major, H.404
• Johann Michael Bach – Fürchtet euch nicht
• Johann Sebastian Bach – 3 Choräle zu Trauungen, BWV 250–252
• Antonio Caldara – Il giuoco del quadriglio
• Christoph Graupner
  • Ouverture in G major, GWV 466
  • Tut Busse und lasse sich ein jeglicher, GWV 1104/34
  • Herr, die Wasserströme erheben sich, GWV 1115/34
• George Frideric Handel – Antiphons, HWV 269–274
• Johann Adolf Hasse – Il cantico de' tre fanciulli
• Giovanni Battista Martini – Litaniae atque antiphonae finales B. V. Mariae
• Johann Joachim Quantz – 6 Flute Sonatas, RISM Q.19
• Georg Reutter – La Betulia liberata
• Georg Philipp Telemann
  • 6 Concerts et 6 Suites
  • Pyrmonter Kurwoche
  • 12 Solos à violon ou traversiere avec la basse chiffrée
• Antonio Vivaldi
  • Violin Concerto in C major, RV 177
  • Vengo a voi, luci adorate, RV 682

Opera

• Francesco Araia – La forza dell'amore e dell'odio
• Riccardo Broschi – Artaserse (collaboration with Hasse, Ariosti)
• Antonio Caldara
  • La Clemenza di Tito
  • Le Lodi d'Augusto
• Giovanni Battista Costanzi – La Flora
• Geminiano Giacomelli – Merope
• George Frideric Handel
  • Il pastor fido, HWV 8b/c (revised from the 1712 version)
  • Arianna in Creta, HWV 32 (premiered)
  • Ariodante, HWV 33
  • Parnasso in festa, HWV 73 (Serenade)
• Johann Adolf Hasse – Larinda e Vanesio (intermezzo)
• Giovanni Battista Pergolesi – Adriano in Siria
• Antonio Vivaldi – L'Olimpiade
• Various – Siface (inc. work from Giuseppe Sellitto, Nicola Antonio Porpora, Leonardo Vinci, Geminiano Giacomelli, Johann Adolph Hasse)

Publications

• Johann Sebastian Bach – 149 Chorales, D-LEb Peters Ms. R 18
• Joseph Bodin de Boismortier
  • 6 Sonates dont la derniere est en trio, Op. 50
  • 6 Sonatas for Flute and Violin, Op. 51
  • 4 Balets de village en trio, Op. 52
• Michel Corrette – Premier Livre de Pièces pour le Clavecin, Op. 12
• Jean-François Dandrieu – Pieces de clavecin, Book 3
• Pierre Février – Pièces de clavecin, Livre 1
• George Frideric Handel – Op. 3, 6 concerti grossi (London: John Walsh)
• Jean-Marie Leclair – 12 Violin Sonatas, Op. 5
• Johann Melchior Molter – Sonata grossa in D major, MWV 4.5
• Jean-Joseph Cassanéa de Mondonville – 6 Trio Sonatas, Op. 2
• Jean-Baptiste Morin – La chasse du cerf
• Giovanni Battista Somis – 12 Violin Sonatas, Op. 6
• Giuseppe Tartini – Violin Sonatas, Op. 1
• Georg Philipp Telemann – Verzeichniß der Telemannischen Musikalischen Werke
• Carlo Tessarini – Il maestro e discepolo, Op. 2

Births

• January 17 – François-Joseph Gossec (died 1829)
• February 20 – Franz Ignaz Beck (died 1809)
• March 18 – Joseph Schmitt (died 1791)
• April 19 – Karl von Ordoñez, composer (died 1786)
• May 28 – Christoph Sonnleithner (died 1786)
• June 19 – Alphonse du Congé Dubreuil (died 1801)
• June 28 – Jean-Jacques Beauvarlet-Charpentier, organist and composer (died 1794)
• July 15 – Johann Ernst Altenburg (died 1801)
• July 20 – Jean-Henri Naderman (died 1799)
• July 23 – Antonio Maria Gaspare Sacchini, composer (died 1786)
• August 16 – Jean-Baptiste-Louis-Théodore de Tschudi (died 1784)
• September 5 – Jean-Benjamin de Laborde (died 1794)
• September 25 – Louis-René-Édouard de Rohan (died 1803)
• December 18 – Jean-Baptiste Rey, conductor and composer (died 1810)
• December 27 – Stephen Paxton (died 1787)
• December 31 – Claude Joseph Dorat (died 1780)
• date unknown – Benjamin Cooke, organist, composer and teacher (died 1793)

Deaths

• February 25 – Marianna Bulgarelli, operatic soprano (born c. 1684)
• April 1 – Louis Lully, composer (born 1664)
• April 30 – Grzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki, Baroque composer (born c. 1665)
• June 13 – Nicolaus Vetter, organist and composer (born 1666)
• October 6 – Gottfried Reiche, trumpet player and composer (born 1667)
• December 17 – Charlotte Brent, operatic soprano (died 1802)
• date unknown – Obadiah Shuttleworth, violinist, organist and composer