Spring – Emperor
John II (Komnenos) leads a Byzantine expeditionary force into
Cilicia (the Byzantine fleet guards his flank). He defeats the Armenians under Prince
Leo I ("Lord of the Mountains"), and captures the cities of
Mersin,
Tarsus,
Adana and
Mamistra. Leo retreats to the great fortifications of
Anazarbus – where its garrison resists for 37 days. The Byzantine
siege engines batter down its walls, and the city is forced to surrender. Leo escapes into the
Taurus Mountains, while the Byzantine forces march southward into the plain of
Antioch.[1]
August 29 – John II appears before the walls of Antioch, and encamps with the Byzantine army on the north bank of the
Orontes River. For several days he besieges the city,
Raymond of Poitiers (prince of Antioch) is forced to surrender. He recognizes John as his suzerain and becomes with
Joscelin II (count of
Edessa) a vassal of the
Byzantine Empire.[2]
Levant
March 25 –
Bazwāj, a
mamluk (slave) commander of
Damascus, launches a military campaign against
Tripoli, reaching
Pilgrims' Mount. He defeats a
Crusader army under Count
Pons (protector of Tripoli). Pons is forced to flee into the mountains where native Christians capture him. Later, he is handed over and instantly put to death by Bazwāj.[3]
Summer –
Battle of Ba'rin: A Crusader force led by King
Fulk of Jerusalem is scattered and defeated by
Imad al-Din Zengi, Seljuk governor (atabeg) of
Mosul. Fulk with a small bodyguard escapes into
Montferrand Castle, which is surrounded and besieged by Zengi. After negotiations, Fulk is granted his freedom in exchange for the castle.[4]
July 25 – Louis VI sends his 16-year-old son
Louis Capet with an escort of 500 knights to
Bordeaux, along with Abbot
Suger in charge of the wedding arrangements. Louis and Eleanor are married in the
Cathedral of Saint-André. France unites Aquitaine and its territories to the
Pyrenees.
Spring – King
Stephen sails to
Normandy to confront
Geoffrey V (the Fair) and the
Angevins, who are attacking the southern areas of Normandy. Although Stephen has some success, he is not able to recapture Normandy from
Matilda, daughter and heiress of the late King
Henry I.[6]
King
Gruffudd ap Cynan of
Gwynedd dies after a 56-year reign, having rebuilt Welsh power overturned earlier by Henry I. He is succeeded by his son
Owain Gwynedd who together with his other brothers,
Cadwaladr and
Cadwallon, work to revive the power of Gwynedd in
Wales.
In
China during the
Song Dynasty, a fire breaks out in the new capital of
Hangzhou. The government suspends the requirement of rent payments, alms of 108,840 kg (120 tons) of
rice are distributed to the poor, and items such as
bamboo, planks and rush-matting are exempted from government taxation.
^Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 61–63.
ISBN0-7126-5616-2.
^
abcWalford, Cornelius, ed. (1876). "Fires, Great". The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance. C. and E. Layton. p. 26.
^
abde Rapin, Paul (1724). Histoire d'Angleterre. Vol. 2. La Haye: Alexandre de Rogissart.
Picard, Christophe (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'occident au Moyen Âge, VIIIe-XIIIe siècle (in French). Presses Universitaires de France.
ISBN978-2130488101.
Spring – Emperor
John II (Komnenos) leads a Byzantine expeditionary force into
Cilicia (the Byzantine fleet guards his flank). He defeats the Armenians under Prince
Leo I ("Lord of the Mountains"), and captures the cities of
Mersin,
Tarsus,
Adana and
Mamistra. Leo retreats to the great fortifications of
Anazarbus – where its garrison resists for 37 days. The Byzantine
siege engines batter down its walls, and the city is forced to surrender. Leo escapes into the
Taurus Mountains, while the Byzantine forces march southward into the plain of
Antioch.[1]
August 29 – John II appears before the walls of Antioch, and encamps with the Byzantine army on the north bank of the
Orontes River. For several days he besieges the city,
Raymond of Poitiers (prince of Antioch) is forced to surrender. He recognizes John as his suzerain and becomes with
Joscelin II (count of
Edessa) a vassal of the
Byzantine Empire.[2]
Levant
March 25 –
Bazwāj, a
mamluk (slave) commander of
Damascus, launches a military campaign against
Tripoli, reaching
Pilgrims' Mount. He defeats a
Crusader army under Count
Pons (protector of Tripoli). Pons is forced to flee into the mountains where native Christians capture him. Later, he is handed over and instantly put to death by Bazwāj.[3]
Summer –
Battle of Ba'rin: A Crusader force led by King
Fulk of Jerusalem is scattered and defeated by
Imad al-Din Zengi, Seljuk governor (atabeg) of
Mosul. Fulk with a small bodyguard escapes into
Montferrand Castle, which is surrounded and besieged by Zengi. After negotiations, Fulk is granted his freedom in exchange for the castle.[4]
July 25 – Louis VI sends his 16-year-old son
Louis Capet with an escort of 500 knights to
Bordeaux, along with Abbot
Suger in charge of the wedding arrangements. Louis and Eleanor are married in the
Cathedral of Saint-André. France unites Aquitaine and its territories to the
Pyrenees.
Spring – King
Stephen sails to
Normandy to confront
Geoffrey V (the Fair) and the
Angevins, who are attacking the southern areas of Normandy. Although Stephen has some success, he is not able to recapture Normandy from
Matilda, daughter and heiress of the late King
Henry I.[6]
King
Gruffudd ap Cynan of
Gwynedd dies after a 56-year reign, having rebuilt Welsh power overturned earlier by Henry I. He is succeeded by his son
Owain Gwynedd who together with his other brothers,
Cadwaladr and
Cadwallon, work to revive the power of Gwynedd in
Wales.
In
China during the
Song Dynasty, a fire breaks out in the new capital of
Hangzhou. The government suspends the requirement of rent payments, alms of 108,840 kg (120 tons) of
rice are distributed to the poor, and items such as
bamboo, planks and rush-matting are exempted from government taxation.
^Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 61–63.
ISBN0-7126-5616-2.
^
abcWalford, Cornelius, ed. (1876). "Fires, Great". The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance. C. and E. Layton. p. 26.
^
abde Rapin, Paul (1724). Histoire d'Angleterre. Vol. 2. La Haye: Alexandre de Rogissart.
Picard, Christophe (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'occident au Moyen Âge, VIIIe-XIIIe siècle (in French). Presses Universitaires de France.
ISBN978-2130488101.