HMS Victorious

The 1958 US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement is a bilateral treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom on nuclear weapons co-operation. It allows the two countries to exchange nuclear materials, technology and information, and was signed on 3 July 1958, after the British hydrogen bomb programme successfully tested a thermonuclear device. While the US has nuclear co-operation agreements with other countries, including France and other NATO countries, this agreement is by far the most comprehensive. Exemplifying the Anglo-American Special Relationship, it allowed American nuclear weapons to be supplied under Project E. The treaty has proved mutually beneficial, and paved the way for the Polaris Sales Agreement and the Trident nuclear programme submarines, including HMS Victorious (pictured), all of which use American missiles with British nuclear warheads. The most recent renewal of the treaty extended it to 31 December 2024. ( Full article...)

Maria Josep Colomer i Luque

• ... that Maria Josep Colomer i Luque (pictured) became Catalonia's first female pilot at 17 years old, and had flown thousands of Republicans out of Francoist Spain by the end of the Spanish Civil War?
• ... that Mount Hampton in Antarctica was last active over 10 million years ago, but may still emit steam?
• ... that the visual style of African-American artist Henry Speller, who was also an accomplished blues musician, was described as "blues aesthetic"?
• ... that the CEO of CEPI, a key organisation in the race to develop a vaccine for COVID-19, has called the disease "the most frightening" that he has ever encountered in his career?
• ... that Lluest-wen Reservoir was once dubbed "the wettest place in Wales"?
• ... that rivals Furman and Wofford played the first college football game in South Carolina on December 14, 1889?
• ... that Irish folklorist Bríd Mahon wrote the first of her hundreds of radio scripts for Radio Éireann as a child, discussing the history and music of County Cork?
• ... that Klingons are positively Shakespearean?

NATO member states

• North Macedonia becomes a member of NATO (map of member states pictured).
• The 2020 Summer Olympics are postponed for one year due to the coronavirus pandemic.
• Igor Matovič becomes Prime Minister of Slovakia following elections in February.

March 31: Cesar Chavez Day in various U.S. states ( 1927)

Cartoon of the riot during Schoenberg's concert

• 1146 – French abbot Bernard of Clairvaux preached a sermon to a crowd at a council in Vézelay, with King Louis VII in attendance, urging the necessity of a Second Crusade.
• 1913 – Arnold Schoenberg conducted the Vienna Concert Society in a concert of expressionist music that so shocked the audience that they began to riot (depicted).
• 1930 – To avoid government censorship, Hollywood movie studios instituted their own set of industry censorship guidelines, popularly known as the Hays Code.
• 1970 – Nine Japanese communists armed with samurai swords and pipe bombs hijacked Japan Airlines Flight 351 en route from Tokyo to Fukuoka.

Anne Hyde (d. 1671) · Pieter Burman the Elder (d. 1741) · Liz Claiborne (b. 1929)