Before Muybridge's 1878 work, photo sequences were not recorded in real-time because light-sensitive emulsions needed a long exposure time. The sequences were basically made as time-lapse recordings. It is possible that people at the time actually viewed such photographs come to life with a phénakisticope or zoetrope (this certainly happened with Muybridge's work).
1865 – Revolving, self-portrait by
French photographer
Nadar. Around 1865 he produced this series of self-portraits consisting of 12
frames showing different angles of him sitting still in a chair. Except for a smile in 1 frame, not even a fold in his jacket or a single hair seems to change between the different angles. The portrait could be regarded as a predecessor to the
chronophotography which Marey and Muybridge started to experiment with more than 10 years later. As the sequence revolves around space rather than time it is even more related to the
bullet-time effect popularized by The Matrix about 135 years later. There is no clue if more than one camera was used in the shoot, but it is certainly well-executed.
The Horse in Motion;British photographer
Eadweard Muybridge took a series of "automatic electro-photographs" depicting the movement of a horse. He shot the photographs in June 1878. An additional card reprinted the single image of the horse "Occident" trotting at high speed, which had previously been published by Muybridge in 1877. The most famous of these electro-photographs is "Sallie Gardner" taken on June 19, 1878. Railroad tycoon
Leland Stanford hired Muybridge to settle the questions of whether a galloping horse ever has all four of its feet off the ground. Muybridge's photos showed the horse with all four feet off the ground. He went on a lecture tour showing his photographs on a moving-image device he called the
zoopraxiscope.
Le singe musicien, first animated movie using the
praxinoscope
1886 –
Alice Guy Blache created "La Fee aux Chou", also knowns as "the Fairy of the Cabbages", in France. Although many other films are seen as being the first moments of 'movie magic,' this film stands out as the first.[1][2]
1887 – Man Walking Around a Corner, directed by French inventor
Louis Le Prince; It is the oldest known film. Although according to David Wilkinson's 2015 documentary The First Film it is not film, but a series of photographs, 16 in all, each taken from one of the lens from Le Prince's camera. Pictures from the film were sent in a letter dated August 18, 1887 to his wife. Le Prince later developed the one lens camera and on October 14, 1888 he finally made the world's first moving image, Roundhay Garden Scene.
1888 – Roundhay Garden Scene, the earliest surviving film by French inventor
Louis Le Prince, is shot in
Leeds,
West Yorkshire in England with a groundbreaking 20
frames per second. Other short films made at the same time were Accordion Player and Traffic Crossing Leeds Bridge.
1889 –
Eastman Kodak is the first company to begin commercial production of film on a flexible transparent
base,
celluloid.
Carmencita was made. According to film historian
Charles Musser the first woman to appear in front of an Edison motion picture camera was in the film. She may have been the first woman to appear in a motion picture in the United States. It was directed and produced by
William K.L. Dickson, who was the
Scottishinventor credited with the invention of the
motion picturecamera under the employ of Edison.[3][4][5]
The Dickson Experimental Sound Film made by William Dickson in late 1894 or early 1895 is the first known film with live-recorded sound and appears to be the first motion picture made for the
Kinetophone, the proto-
sound-film system developed by Dickson and Edison.
1895 – In Paris on December 28, 1895,
the Lumière brothers screen ten films at the Salon Indien du Grand Café in
Paris making the first commercial public screening ever made, marked traditionally as the birth date of the film.
Gaumont Film Company, the oldest ever
film studio, was founded by inventor
Léon Gaumont.
1898 – Shinin No Sosei and Bake Jizo were made by Ejiro Hatta, some of the first films in Japan which were ghost stories.[6] Salvador Toscano created the film, "Don Juan Tenorio", which is considered one of the first films in
Mexico and perhaps the first fictional film in Mexico, as
South America as a continent focuses on making documentaries in its early film history.[7][8]
1898 –Hiralal Sen was inspired and filmed the "Flower of Persia" play.[9]
^McKernan, Luke (2018). Charles Urban: Pioneering the Non-Fiction Film in Britain and America, 1897-1925. University of Exeter Press.
ISBN978-0859892964.
Sources
The Silent Cinema Reader edited by Lee Grieveson and Peter Kramer
Movies of the 30s, edited by Jürgen Müller,
Taschen
The Magic of Méliès, documentary by Jacques Mény, special collector's edition DVD, Spain
Before Muybridge's 1878 work, photo sequences were not recorded in real-time because light-sensitive emulsions needed a long exposure time. The sequences were basically made as time-lapse recordings. It is possible that people at the time actually viewed such photographs come to life with a phénakisticope or zoetrope (this certainly happened with Muybridge's work).
1865 – Revolving, self-portrait by
French photographer
Nadar. Around 1865 he produced this series of self-portraits consisting of 12
frames showing different angles of him sitting still in a chair. Except for a smile in 1 frame, not even a fold in his jacket or a single hair seems to change between the different angles. The portrait could be regarded as a predecessor to the
chronophotography which Marey and Muybridge started to experiment with more than 10 years later. As the sequence revolves around space rather than time it is even more related to the
bullet-time effect popularized by The Matrix about 135 years later. There is no clue if more than one camera was used in the shoot, but it is certainly well-executed.
The Horse in Motion;British photographer
Eadweard Muybridge took a series of "automatic electro-photographs" depicting the movement of a horse. He shot the photographs in June 1878. An additional card reprinted the single image of the horse "Occident" trotting at high speed, which had previously been published by Muybridge in 1877. The most famous of these electro-photographs is "Sallie Gardner" taken on June 19, 1878. Railroad tycoon
Leland Stanford hired Muybridge to settle the questions of whether a galloping horse ever has all four of its feet off the ground. Muybridge's photos showed the horse with all four feet off the ground. He went on a lecture tour showing his photographs on a moving-image device he called the
zoopraxiscope.
Le singe musicien, first animated movie using the
praxinoscope
1886 –
Alice Guy Blache created "La Fee aux Chou", also knowns as "the Fairy of the Cabbages", in France. Although many other films are seen as being the first moments of 'movie magic,' this film stands out as the first.[1][2]
1887 – Man Walking Around a Corner, directed by French inventor
Louis Le Prince; It is the oldest known film. Although according to David Wilkinson's 2015 documentary The First Film it is not film, but a series of photographs, 16 in all, each taken from one of the lens from Le Prince's camera. Pictures from the film were sent in a letter dated August 18, 1887 to his wife. Le Prince later developed the one lens camera and on October 14, 1888 he finally made the world's first moving image, Roundhay Garden Scene.
1888 – Roundhay Garden Scene, the earliest surviving film by French inventor
Louis Le Prince, is shot in
Leeds,
West Yorkshire in England with a groundbreaking 20
frames per second. Other short films made at the same time were Accordion Player and Traffic Crossing Leeds Bridge.
1889 –
Eastman Kodak is the first company to begin commercial production of film on a flexible transparent
base,
celluloid.
Carmencita was made. According to film historian
Charles Musser the first woman to appear in front of an Edison motion picture camera was in the film. She may have been the first woman to appear in a motion picture in the United States. It was directed and produced by
William K.L. Dickson, who was the
Scottishinventor credited with the invention of the
motion picturecamera under the employ of Edison.[3][4][5]
The Dickson Experimental Sound Film made by William Dickson in late 1894 or early 1895 is the first known film with live-recorded sound and appears to be the first motion picture made for the
Kinetophone, the proto-
sound-film system developed by Dickson and Edison.
1895 – In Paris on December 28, 1895,
the Lumière brothers screen ten films at the Salon Indien du Grand Café in
Paris making the first commercial public screening ever made, marked traditionally as the birth date of the film.
Gaumont Film Company, the oldest ever
film studio, was founded by inventor
Léon Gaumont.
1898 – Shinin No Sosei and Bake Jizo were made by Ejiro Hatta, some of the first films in Japan which were ghost stories.[6] Salvador Toscano created the film, "Don Juan Tenorio", which is considered one of the first films in
Mexico and perhaps the first fictional film in Mexico, as
South America as a continent focuses on making documentaries in its early film history.[7][8]
1898 –Hiralal Sen was inspired and filmed the "Flower of Persia" play.[9]
^McKernan, Luke (2018). Charles Urban: Pioneering the Non-Fiction Film in Britain and America, 1897-1925. University of Exeter Press.
ISBN978-0859892964.
Sources
The Silent Cinema Reader edited by Lee Grieveson and Peter Kramer
Movies of the 30s, edited by Jürgen Müller,
Taschen
The Magic of Méliès, documentary by Jacques Mény, special collector's edition DVD, Spain