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2024 U.S. presidential election | |
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This article lists third party and independent candidates, also jointly known as minor candidates, associated with the 2024 United States presidential election.
Early polling for third party candidates in this election cycle has suggested the highest level of support for such a candidate since Ross Perot in 1992 and 1996. [1] Polls were especially high for Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who withdrew his candidacy in the Democratic Party primaries in October 2023 to run as an independent. [2]
The following general election candidates currently have ballot access to fewer than 270 electoral votes, the minimum number required to attain the presidency. Ballot access deadlines vary from state to state.
Party
|
Presidential nominee | Vice presidential nominee | Campaign | States with ballot access | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Randall Terry Activist and perennial candidate from Tennessee |
Stephen Broden Pastor and political commentator from Texas |
Website | [3] | ||
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Attorney and activist from California |
Nicole Shanahan Attorney and technologist from California |
Website Campaign FEC filing [4] [5] [6] Additional party nominations: |
[17] [18] [19] | ||
Cornel West Academic and activist from California |
Melina Abdullah Academic and activist from California |
Website Campaign FEC filing [20] [21] [22] Additional party nominations: |
[23] [27] | ||
Claudia De la Cruz Activist from New York |
Karina Garcia Activist from California |
Website FEC filing
[28] |
[30] [31] | ||
Peter Sonski Local politician from Connecticut |
Lauren Onak Teacher from Florida |
Website June 13, 2023 FEC filing [32] |
[34] | ||
Michael Wood Businessman and Prohibition National Committee member from California |
John Pietrowski Prohibition National Committee member from Ohio |
Website July 5, 2023 FEC filing [35] |
[37] |
Parties and candidates in this section have not attained ballot lines in any states.
Date | Party nomination event |
---|---|
May 9, 2023 | Prohibition Party presidential nominating convention |
June 1, 2023 | American Solidarity Party online primary |
April 6, 2024 | Unity Party of America nominating convention |
April 13, 2024 | Unity Party of Colorado [d] nominating convention |
April 17, 2024 | Natural Law Party nominating convention |
April 27, 2024 | Constitution Party nominating convention |
May 26, 2024 | Libertarian National Convention |
July 14, 2024 | Green National Convention |
August 2024 | Conservative Party of New York State nominating convention |
Peace and Freedom Party state central committee meeting |
The Libertarian Party is participating in several non-binding preference primaries in 2024. The party's presidential nominee will be chosen directly by delegates at the 2024 Libertarian National Convention, which is scheduled to be held on Memorial Day weekend from May 24 to 26, 2024, in Washington, D.C. [44] [45]
This section includes declared candidates who have filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Libertarian Party and who meet one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines; b) have participated in at least three Libertarian Party-sponsored debates; or c) have received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.
Name | Born | Experience | Home state | Campaign Announcement date |
Contests won |
Popular vote |
Ref. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January 1, 1970 (age 54) New Orleans, Louisiana |
Otolaryngologist |
Louisiana |
[1]
August 24, 2023 FEC filing [46] |
1 (CA) |
22,100 (57.2%) | [47] | ||||
Jacob Hornberger |
January 28, 1950 (age 74) Laredo, Texas |
Founder and President of the Future of Freedom Foundation Independent candidate for U.S. Senate from Virginia in 2002 Candidate for President in 2000 and 2020 |
Virginia |
[2]
February 20, 2023 FEC filing [48] |
0 | 1,839 (4.8%) | [49] | |||
August 14, 1969 (age 54) Monterey, California |
Co-founder of
Friend Finder Networks Founder of Fupa Games and Legendary Speed [50] |
California |
[3]
March 23, 2021 FEC filing [51] |
0 | 603 (1.6%) | [52] | ||||
Chase Oliver |
August 16, 1985 (age 38) Nashville, Tennessee |
Nominee for
U.S. Senator from
Georgia in
2022 Candidate for GA-05 in 2020 Chair of the Atlanta Libertarian Party (2016–2017) |
Georgia |
[4]
April 5, 2023 FEC filing [53] |
5 ( IA, IN, AZ, OK, CT) |
3,187 (8.2%) | [54] | |||
Art Olivier |
August 24, 1957 (age 66) Lynwood, California |
Nominee for
U.S. Vice President in
2000 Nominee for Governor of California in 2006 Mayor of Bellflower, California (1998–1999) |
California |
[5]
December 11, 2023 FEC filing [55] |
0 | 5 (nil%) | [56] | |||
Michael Rectenwald |
January 29, 1959 (age 65) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |
Author and Scholar Former New York University professor (2008–2019) |
Pennsylvania |
[6]
August 28, 2023 FEC filing [57] |
2 ( MS, AL) |
823 (2.1%) | [49] | |||
March 13, 1983 (age 41) Antioch, California |
Vice Chair of the
Libertarian National Committee (2022–2023) |
Iowa |
[7]
July 24, 2023 FEC filing [58] |
1 ( MN) |
415 (1.1%) | [49] | ||||
Mike ter Maat |
June 20, 1961 (age 62) Portland, Oregon |
Economist Former Hallandale Beach, Florida police officer Nominee for FL-20 in 2022 |
Virginia |
[8]
April 18, 2022 FEC filing [59] |
1 ( PA) |
520 (1.3%) | [52] | |||
Alternate ballot options: | ||||||||||
No preference/ None of the above/ Uncommitted |
N/A | 2 (NC, MA) |
6,052 (15.7%) | [60] |
The Green Party is holding a series of presidential primaries through which convention delegates will be awarded to candidates and will nominate the party's presidential ticket at the 2024 Green National Convention, [61] which is scheduled to take place as a virtual event from July 11 to 14, 2024. [62]
The individuals listed below are declared candidates who have filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Green Party and who meet one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines; b) have participated (or have been invited to participate) in at least two Green Party-sponsored debates or c) have received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.
Name | Born | Experience | Home state | Campaign Announcement date |
Contests won | Delegates | Popular vote | Running mate | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidates with pledged delegates | ||||||||||
Jill Stein |
May 14, 1950 (age 73) Chicago, Illinois |
Nominee for president in
2012 and
2016 Member of the Lexington Town Meeting from the 2nd Precinct Activist |
Massachusetts |
Campaign November 9, 2023 FEC filing [63] [64] |
10 (AZ, CA, IL, KS, PA, NY, WA, NV, TX, WV [e]) | 116 / 420 210 needed to win
|
16,099 (99.5%) | [65] | ||
Jasmine Sherman | August 17, 1985 (age 38) Queens, New York |
Executive Director of Greater Charlotte Rise |
North Carolina
February 18, 2022 FEC filing [66] [67] |
6 / 420 210 needed to win
|
57 (0.4%) | Tanda Blubear [68] | [69] [70] | |||
Other candidates formally recognized by GPUS [71] | ||||||||||
Jorge Zavala | unknown | Businessman | California |
October 13, 2023 FEC filing [72] |
13 (0.1%) | [73] [70] | ||||
Alternate ballot options: | ||||||||||
None of the above | N/A | 0 | 2 / 420
|
1 (nil%) |
The Constitution Party held its presidential nominating convention on April 24–27, 2024, in Salt Lake City, Utah. [74] [75]
Eight candidates sought the nomination: [76]
Skousen, Terry, and Jim Harvey of Georgia -who ultimately did not seek the nomination- participated in an April 6 debate in Dearborn, Michigan. [80]
Randall Terry won the nomination by securing a majority in the first round. The votes largely broke down along geographic lines. Joel Skousen, who is from Utah, received all 61 votes from the delegations of the Four Corners states, but only 19 votes from the rest of the country combined. The only state delegations he carried outside of the region were New Hampshire and West Virginia. Paul Venable won the majority of votes from South Carolina and his home state of Missouri and Daniel Cummings won a plurality in his home state of Wyoming. The remaining ten delegations were all won by Terry. [81]
Pastor and political commentator Stephen Broden received the vice-presidential nomination. [82]
Aside from the presidential nomination, much of the debate at the convention focused on an ultimately defeated amendment by Skousen to remove references to God from the party platform.
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Randall Terry | 144 | 54.55% | ||
Joel Skousen | 80 | 30.30% | ||
Paul Venable | 32 | 12.12% | ||
Daniel Cummings | 4 | 1.52% | ||
Brandon McIntyre | 2 | 0.76% | ||
Samm Tittle | 2 | 0.76% | ||
Louis C. Hook | 0 | 0.00% | ||
Ben Stewart | 0 | 0.00% | ||
Total: | 264 | 100.00% | ||
Source: [83] |
The Constitution Party received 60,023 votes in the 2020 election.
The American Independent Party held a non-binding presidential preference primary in California on March 5, 2024. James Bradley was the only candidate listed on the ballot and defeated Andrew George Rummel, who was a recognized write-in candidate. [84] [85]
Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
---|---|---|
James Bradley | 45,565 | 99.96% |
Andrew George Rummel (write-in) | 16 | 0.04% |
Total: | 45,581 | 100.0% |
The Legal Marijuana Now Party held its first-ever presidential nomination primary in Minnesota on Super Tuesday, March 5. This was the first presidential primary to be held in Minnesota for a third party since 1916. [87] Krystal Gabel withdrew from the race during Legal Marijuana Now Party's candidate filing discussions. When Gabel asked to be removed from the ballot, after early voting had started on January 19, 2024, the Minnesota Secretary of State's office stated that changes cannot be made to the list of candidates after the list was certified 63 days prior to the election, and Gabel's name remained on ballots. [88]
Five candidates appeared on the ballot:
Of Minnesota's three major political parties, all of which included a write in option for their 2024 nominating primaries, only the Legal Marijuana Now party submitted to the Secretary of State a write in name to be counted, singer-songwriter Willie Nelson. [90]
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Delegates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Krystal Gabel (withdrew) | 759 | 28.84% | - | ||
Dennis Schuller | 459 | 17.44% | 7 | ||
Vermin Supreme | 397 | 15.08% | 6 | ||
Rudy Reyes | 365 | 13.87% | 5 | ||
Edward Forchion | 168 | 6.38% | 2 | ||
Willie Nelson (write-in) | 19 | 0.72% | 0 | ||
Other write-ins | 465 | 17.67% | - | ||
Total: | 2,632 | 100.00% | 20 | ||
Source: [91] |
Gabel won a plurality of the vote (28.8%), but withdrew ahead of the primary. Of declared candidates, Dennis Schuller finished in the lead, with 17.4%. [92]
The party is also ballot-qualified in Nebraska, but no candidates qualified for the May 14 primary. [93]
The Peace and Freedom Party held a non-binding preference primary in California on Super Tuesday, March 5. Claudia De la Cruz, the nominee of the Party for Socialism and Liberation, won the primary with a plurality, defeating Jasmine Sherman and Cornel West. [94] The party's presidential nominee will be chosen by the state central committee in August. [95]
Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Claudia de la Cruz | 6,430 | 47.0% |
Cornel West | 5,455 | 39.9% |
Jasmine Sherman | 1,795 | 13.1% |
Total: | 13,680 | 100.0% |
The American Solidarity Party announced on June 2, 2023, that Peter Sonski had won their party's online primary, which lasted from May 24 to June 1. Sonski was nominated in the first round of ranked-choice voting with 52%. Sonski then selected Lauren Onak as his vice president, who was then officially nominated via unanimous consent.
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Peter Sonski | 328 | 52.5% | ||
Jacqueline Abernathy | 207 | 33.1 | ||
Joe Schriner | 50 | 8.0 | ||
Larry Johnson | 24 | 3.8 | ||
Erskine Levi | 16 | 2.6 | ||
Total: | 625 | 100.00% | ||
Source: [96] |
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Lauren Onak | Nominated via Unanimous Consent | |||
Source: [97] |
The Natural Law Party held its nominating convention on April 17, 2024 where it nominated independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. for President and Nicole Shanahan for Vice President. Party chairman Doug Dern claimed fellow independent candidate Cornel West also sought the party's ballot access. [98]
The party is only ballot qualified in Michigan. In 2020, the party nominated Alliance Party nominee Rocky De La Fuente, who received 2,986 votes in Michigan.
The Prohibition Party held its presidential nominating convention on May 8–9, 2023, in Buffalo, New York. Three candidates stood for nomination; Michael Wood was nominated on the first ballot. [99]
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Michael Wood | 8 | 61.5% | ||
Zack Kusnir | 4 | 30.8% | ||
Scott Baier | 0 | 0.0% | ||
Jay Rockefeller (write-in) | 1 | 7.7% | ||
Total: | 13 | 100.00% | ||
Source: [100] |
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
John Petrowski | Nominated via Unanimous Consent | |||
Source: [100] |
The Bill Hammons-led faction of the Unity Party of America nominated Paul Noel Fiorino and Matthew May for president and vice president respectively at the 7th United National Convention over Google Meet on April 6, 2024. [101]
However, the Colorado faction of the party, which has the party's ballot access, met on April 13, 2024 and nominated independent candidate Cornel West for president and his running mate, Melina Abdullah for vice president. [102] [103]
Candidate | Percentage | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Cornel West | 95% | |||
Paul Noel Fiorino | 5% | |||
Total: | 100.00% | |||
Source: [104] |
Withdrew before convention:
The party is currently only ballot-approved in Colorado. [106] In 2020, party co-founder Bill Hammons was on the ballot in three states and received 6,647 votes. [107]
The Alliance Party received 88,236 votes for president in 2020. [107] It is ballot-qualified in South Carolina and Alaska. [108] [109]
The Approval Voting Party received 409 votes for president in 2020. [107] It is currently only ballot-approved in Colorado. [106]
The Conservative Party of New York State has held ballot access in New York since its inception in 1962. In presidential elections, the party typically nominates the Republican nominee through a fusion ticket; its most recent endorsement of Donald Trump in 2020 garnered 296,335 statewide votes on the party ballot line. In February 2024, the party held an executive committee meeting in Dyker Heights, Brooklyn, and announced Trump as its presumptive nominee after a majority of county committees endorsed his campaign. The party is expected to make the nomination official at the August state convention. [110]
The Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party is a regional ballot-qualified party in Vermont which has regularly nominated candidates for president since 1972. [111] It nominated Gloria La Riva, the PSL nominee, in 2020. She received 166 votes in Vermont. [107]
The Green Party of Alaska, which is unaffiliated with the Green Party of the United States is ballot-qualified in Alaska. [109] The party nominated Jesse Ventura for President in 2020 and received 2,673 votes. [112]
The party has hosted a series of debates featuring the following candidates seeking the nomination: [113]
The United Kansas Party was established in 2024, and is expected to field a fusion ticket for president and vice president. It is ballot-qualified in Kansas. [127]
The Working Families Party currently has ballot access in five states, totaling to 57 electoral votes. [128] The party practices electoral fusion through nomination of the Democratic nominee in presidential elections; in New York, Joe Biden received 386,613 votes on the Working Families line in 2020. In April 2024, the party urged New York primary voters to leave their ballots blank in the Democratic primary as an extension of the protest vote movement affecting Biden's primary campaign. [129]
As of April 2024, [update] the following notable individuals are declared presidential candidates that are either running as an independent or seeking the nomination of an unspecified third party, but do not presently have ballot access.
As of April 2024, [update] there has been speculation about the potential candidacy as an independent or with an unspecified third party, for the following notable individuals, within the previous six months.
The following notable individual(s) announced and then suspended their campaigns before the election:
The following individuals have declined to be candidates for the No Labels unity ticket. On April 4, 2024, the organization announced it would not run a presidential campaign. [141]
The following notable individuals have been the subject of speculation about their possible candidacies, but have publicly denied interest in running.
The Muslim Civic Coalition hosted a forum featuring Green Jill Stein and independent Cornel West on February 3 in Oak Brook, Illinois. The organization claimed all presidential candidates were invited to attend. [176]
The Libertarian Party of California hosted two multiparty debates at their state convention February 24–25. The first night featured Libertarian candidates Michael Rectenwald and Mike ter Maat and independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Green candidate Jill Stein was advertised as attending but ultimately did not. [177] The second night featured Libertarian candidates Charles Ballay, Lars Mapstead, and Jacob Hornberger alongside independent candidate Cornel West. [178]
Free and Equal hosted a multiparty debate on February 29, 2024, moderated by the foundation's chair, Christina Tobin. Candidates were chosen via a point system style voting through the organization's "block-chain voting app" with an audit process after the fact. Socialism and Liberation nominee Claudia De la Cruz, independent candidates Cornel West and Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Libertarian candidates Chase Oliver and Lars Mapstead, and Green candidates Jill Stein and Jasmine Sherman were invited, although Kennedy and West declined to attend. [179] [180] The two hour debate was broadcast on YouTube, Rumble, and CSPAN among various other platforms. At one point, co-moderator Jason Michael Palmer remarked on the five candidates’ relative agreement on social issues, although the debate became more combative towards the end. [181] Jasmine Sherman won the organization’s post-debate ranked choice voting poll. [182]
Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample size |
Joe Biden |
Donald Trump |
Nikki Haley |
Cornel West |
Robert F. Kennedy Jr |
Joe Manchin |
Jill Stein |
Other | Undecided | Margin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CNN/SSRS | April 18–23, 2024 | 967 (RV) | 33% | 42% | – | 4% | 16% | – | 3% | 2% [g] | 1% | Trump +9% |
Quinnipiac | April 18–22, 2024 | 1429 (RV) | 37% | 37% | – | 3% | 16% | – | 3% | 2% [h] | 2% | Even |
Marist College | April 16–18, 2024 | 1047 (RV) | 43% | 38% | – | 2% | 14% | – | 2% | – | 1% | Biden +5% |
Emerson College | April 16–17, 2024 | 1308 (RV) | 39.9% | 43.5% | – | 1.0% | 7.6% | – | 0.4% | – | 7.6% | Trump +3.6% |
NBC News | April 12–16, 2024 | 1000 (RV) | 39% | 37% | – | 2% | 13% | – | 3% | 1% Would not vote |
3% | Biden +2% |
McLaughlin & Associates | April 10–16, 2024 | 1000 (LV) | 36% | 38% | – | 2% | 10% | – | 2% | 2% (Lars Mapstead) |
9% | Trump +2% |
Echelon Insights | April 12–14, 2024 | 1020 (LV) | 41% | 40% | – | 2% | 11% | – | 2% | – | 4% | Biden +1% |
ActiVote | March 24 – April 10, 2024 | 1083 (LV) | 40.7% | 44.0% | – | – | 15.3% | – | – | – | – | Trump +3.3% |
Redfield & Wilton Strategies | April 6–7, 2024 | 4000 (RV) | 41% | 41% | – | – | 9% | – | – | – | 6% | Even |
I&I/Tipp | April 3–5, 2024 | 1265 (RV) | 38% | 38% | – | 2% | 11% | – | 1% | 2% | 9% | Even |
Emerson College | April 2–3, 2024 | 1438 (RV) | 42.0% | 43.2% | – | 0.7% | 7.8% | – | 0.5% | – | 5.8% | Trump +1.2% |
Big Village | March 29–31, 2024 | 1425 (LV) | 41.9% | 39.7% | – | 1.8% | 7.8% | – | – | 0.6% (I would not vote) |
8.1% | Biden +2.2% |
Trafalgar | March 29–31, 2024 | 1092 (LV) | 39.8% | 43.1% | – | 1.7% | 11.4% | – | 0.8% | – | 3.1% | Trump +3.3% |
Data For Progress | March 27–29, 2024 | 1200 (LV) | 41% | 42% | – | 1% | 8% | – | 1% | – | 6% | Trump +1% |
NPR/PBS/Marist | March 25–28, 2024 | 1199 (RV) | 43% | 41% | – | 1% | 11% | – | 2% | – | 1% | Biden +2% |
Marquette Law | March 18–28, 2024 | 614 (LV) | 41% | 41% | – | 4% | 13% | – | 2% | – | – | Even |
HarrisX/Forbes | March 25, 2024 | 1010 (RV) | 37% | 40% | – | 1% | 12% | – | 1% | – | 8% | Trump +3% |
Fox News | March 22–25, 2024 | 1094 (RV) | 38% | 43% | – | 2% | 12% | – | 2% | 1% (Wouldn't vote) |
2% | Trump +5% |
Quinnipiac | March 21–25, 2024 | 1407 (RV) | 38% | 39% | – | 3% | 13% | – | 4% | 1% (Refused) |
2% | Trump +1% |
Daily Mail/J.L. Partners | March 20–24, 2024 | 1000 (LV) | 39% | 43% | – | 2% | 7% | – | 1% | – | 8% | Trump +4% |
Echelon Insights | March 18–21, 2024 | 1006 (LV) | 40% | 43% | – | 1% | 10% | – | 2% | – | 4% | Trump +3% |
Harvard/Harris X | March 20–21, 2024 | 2111 (RV) | 36% | 41% | – | 1% | 14% | – | 2% | – | 6% | Trump +5% |
McLaughlin & Associates | March 9–14, 2024 | 1000 (LV) | 34% | 38% | – | 2% | 12% | 2% | 2% | – | 9% | Trump +4% |
Big Village | March 8–13, 2024 | 1518 (LV) | 39.5% | 40.9% | – | 1.8% | 8.5% | – | – | 1.0% (Would not vote) |
8.2% | Trump +1.4% |
Reuters/Ipsos | March 7–13, 2024 | 4094 (A) | 31% | 32% | – | – | 16% | – | – | 10% (I wouldn't vote) |
11% | Trump +1% |
USA Today/Suffolk University | March 8–11, 2024 | 1000 (RV) | 38% | 40% | – | 2% | 9% | 2% (No Labels candidate) |
2% | 1% (Libertarian candidate) |
5% | Trump +2% |
HarrisX | March 8–10, 2024 | 2017 (RV) | 35% | 41% | – | 1% | 12% | – | 1% | – | 10% | Trump +6% |
Emerson College | March 5–6, 2024 | 1350 (RV) | 41.5% | 43.2% | – | 1.6% | 6.0% | – | 0.5% | – | 7.2% | Trump +1.7% |
Redfield & Wilton Strategies | March 2, 2024 | 1500 (LV) | 39% | 43% | – | – | 9% | – | – | – | 7% | Trump +4% |
I&I/Tipp | February 28 – March 1, 2024 | 1246 (RV) | 38% | 38% | – | 2% | 9% | – | 1% | 3% | 9% | Even |
G Squared Public Strategies/Third Way | February 27 – March 1, 2024 | 2000 (LV) | 36% | 36% | 8% [i] | – | 13% | – | – | – | 7% | Even |
Fox News | February 25–28, 2024 | 1262 (RV) | 38% | 41% | – | 3% | 13% | – | 2% | <1% | 2% | Trump +3% |
Fox News | February 25–28, 2024 | 1262 (RV) | 35% | – | 28% | 5% | 24% | – | 2% | 3% [j] | 2% | Biden +7% |
HarrisX | February 24–28, 2024 | 3021 (RV) | 36% | 40% | – | 2% | 11% | – | 1% | – | 10% | Trump +4% |
Wall Street Journal | February 21–28, 2024 | 1745 (RV) | 35% | 40% | – | 2% | 9% | – | 1% | 1% (Lars Mapstead) |
12% | Trump +5% |
HarrisX | February 20–23, 2024 | 3010 (RV) | 40% | 42% | – | 2% | 12% | – | 1% | – | 11% | Trump +2% |
Harvard/HarrisX | February 21–22, 2024 | 2022 (RV) | 33% | 42% | – | 1% | 14% | – | 1% | – | 8% | Trump +9% |
Quinnipiac | February 15–19, 2024 | 1421 (RV) | 38% | 37% | – | 3% | 15% | – | 3% | 1% (Wouldn't vote) |
2% | Biden +1% |
Quinnipiac | February 15–19, 2024 | 1421 (RV) | 35% | – | 27% | 5% | 24% | – | 3% | 4% [k] | 2% | Biden +8% |
Manchin announces he won't run for president | ||||||||||||
Emerson College | February 13–14, 2024 | 1225 (RV) | 37.9% | 40.2% | – | 1.4% | 6.7% | – | 1.3% | – | 12.5% | Trump +2.3% |
Echelon Insights | February 12–14, 2024 | 1015 (LV) | 37% | 42% | – | 2% | 8% | 2% | 2% | – | 6% | Trump +5% |
Redfield & Wilton | February 10, 2024 | ??? (LV) | 41% | 42% | – | – | 8% | – | – | 3% | 6% | Trump +1% |
Marquette Law | February 5–15, 2024 | 628 (LV) | 40% | 43% | – | 1% | 14% | – | 1% | <1% | – | Trump +3% |
Atlas Intel | February 2–7, 2024 | 1637 (RV) | 42.3% | 43.9% | – | 0.1% | 5.2% | – | – | 5.2% [l] | 4.7% | Trump +1.6% |
Atlas Intel | February 2–7, 2024 | 1637 (RV) | 41% | – | 23% | 0.5% | 11.4% | – | – | 13.9% [l] | 10.2% | Biden +18% |
Atlas Intel | February 2–7, 2024 | 1637 (RV) | 41.6% (Michelle Obama) |
39% | – | 0% | 5.1% | – | – | 4% [l] | 10.3% | Obama +2.6% |
Survey USA | January 31 – February 2, 2024 | 1500 (RV) | 40% | 45% | 13% | – | – | – | – | – | 3% | Trump +5% |
Survey USA | January 31 – February 2, 2024 | 1500 (RV) | 36% | 43% | 11% | – | 9% | – | – | – | 2% | Trump +7% |
Survey USA | January 31 – February 2, 2024 | 1500 (RV) | 36% | 41% | 10% | 1% | 10% | – | – | – | 2% | Trump +5% |
I&I/Tipp | January 31 – February 2, 2024 | 1266 (RV) | 34% | 40% | – | 2% | 8% | 1% | 3% | 3% [m] | 10% | Trump +6% |
YouGov/UMass | January 25–30, 2024 | 989 (LV) | 39% | 43% | – | – | 9% | – | – | 4% | 4% | Trump +4% |
McLaughlin & Associates | January 25–31, 2024 | 1000 (LV) | 34% | 39% | – | 2% | 9% | 2% | 2% | – | 12% | Trump +5% |
Emerson College | January 26–29, 2024 | 1260 (RV) | 36.9% | 41.7% | 11.8% | – | – | – | – | – | 9.6% | Trump +4.8% |
Emerson College | January 26–29, 2024 | 1260 (RV) | 39.2% | 41.4% | – | 0.8% | 4.9% | – | 0.8% | – | 13% | Trump +2.2% |
Quinnipiac | January 25–29, 2024 | 1650 (RV) | 39% | 37% | – | 3% | 14% | 2% | – | 2% [n] | 3% | Biden +2% |
Quinnipiac | January 25–29, 2024 | 1650 (RV) | 36% | – | 29% | 3% | 21% | 2% | – | 5% [o] | 3% | Biden +7% |
Reuters/Ipsos | January 22–24, 2024 | 1250 (RV) | 30% | 36% | – | – | 8% | – | – | 12% [p] | 13% | Trump +6% |
Harvard/HarrisX | January 17–18, 2024 | 2346 (RV) | 31% | 42% | – | 2% | 15% | – | 2% | – | 8% | Trump +11% |
Echelon Insights | January 16–18, 2024 | 1029 (LV) | 35% | 41% | – | 2% | 11% | 2% | 3% | – | 6% | Trump +6% |
Messenger/Harris X | January 16–17, 2024 | 1045 (RV) | 37% | 40% | – | 2% | 11% | – | 1% | – | 9% | Trump +3% |
Cygnal | January 11–12, 2024 | 2000 (LV) | 41.4% | 41.5% | – | – | 10.2% | – | – | – | 6.9% | Trump +.1% |
Reuters/Ipsos | January 3–9, 2024 | 4677 (A) | 29% | 30% | – | – | 18% | – | – | 11% (I wouldn't vote) |
13% | Trump +1% |
I&I/Tipp | January 3–5, 2024 | 1247 (RV) | 34% | 37% | – | 2% | 8% | 1% | 1% | 5% [q] | 11% | Trump +3% |
Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample size |
Joe Biden |
Donald Trump |
Cornel West |
Robert F. Kennedy Jr |
Joe Manchin |
Jill Stein |
Other | Undecided | Margin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
USA Today/Suffolk University | December 26–29, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 33.9% | 37.2% | 2.4% | 9.5% | 1.3% | – | 3.9% [r] | 11.1% | Trump +3.3% |
Daily Mail/J.L. Partners | December 15–20, 2023 | 984 (LV) | 36% | 40% | 1% | 4% | – | 0% | 8% | 10% | Trump +4% |
McLaughlin & Associates | December 13–19, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 34% | 36% | 2% | 10% | 3% | 2% | – | 13% | Trump +2% |
Quinnipiac | December 14–18, 2023 | 1647 (RV) | 36% | 38% | 3% | 16% | – | 3% | 2% [s] | 3% | Trump +2% |
Echelon Insights | December 12–16, 2023 | 1012 (LV) | 36% | 41% | 1% | 9% | – | 1% | 4% (Mark Cuban) |
8% | Trump +5% |
Harvard/Harris | December 13–14, 2023 | 2034 (RV) | 33% | 41% | 2% | 15% | – | 2% | – | 7% | Trump +8% |
Fox News | December 10–13, 2023 | 1007 (RV) | 37% | 41% | 2% | 14% | – | 3% | 2% [t] | 2% | Trump +4% |
Redfield & Wilton | December 8, 2023 | 1135 (LV) | 38% | 43% | – | 9% | – | – | 3% | 7% | Trump +5% |
Rasmussen | December 6–10, 2023 | 892 (LV) | 32% | 40% | – | 16% | – | – | 6% | 6% | Trump +8% |
Reuters/Ipsos | December 5–11, 2023 | 4411 (A) | 31% | 36% | – | 16% | – | – | 7% (I wouldn't vote) |
10% | Trump +5% |
Cygnal | December 5–7, 2023 | 2000 (LV) | 41.9% | 42.7% | – | 9.3% | – | – | – | 6.1% | Trump +0.8% |
Cygnal | December 5–7, 2023 | 2000 (LV) | 41.3% | 41.0% | – | 8.0% | 3.3% | – | – | 6.4% | Biden +0.3% |
Emerson College | December 4–6, 2023 | 1000 (RV) | 36.7% | 43.4% | 0.7% | 6.5% | – | 1.1% | – | 11.5% | Trump +6.7% |
CNN/SSRS | November 29 – December 6, 2023 | 1197 (RV) | 31% | 39% | 6% | 20% | – | – | 2% [u] | 2% | Trump +8.0% |
Wall Street Journal | November 29 – December 4, 2023 | 1500 (RV) | 31% | 37% | 3% | 8% | 3% | 2% | 1% (Lars Mapstead) |
14% | Trump +6.0% |
Big Village | November 27 – December 3, 2023 | 2219 (LV) | 36.3% | 41.8% | 2.8% | 11.7% | – | – | 1.4% (I would not vote) |
5.9% | Trump +5.5% |
I&I/Tipp | November 29 – December 1, 2023 | 1301 (RV) | 33% | 38% | 2% | 11% | – | 2% | 4% | 10% | Trump +5.0% |
Messenger/HarrisX | November 22–28, 2023 | 4003 (RV) | 33% | 41% | 2% | 13% | – | – | – | 11% | Trump +8.0% |
Emerson College | November 17–20, 2023 | 1475 (RV) | 36% | 42% | 1% | 7% | – | 1% | – | 13% | Trump +6.0% |
McLaughlin & Associates | November 16–20, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 32% | 36% | 4% | 12% | 3% | 2% | – | 12% | Trump +4.0% |
Messenger/HarrisX | November 15–19, 2023 | 3017 (RV) | 33% | 40% | 2% | 14% | – | – | – | 11% | Trump +7.0% |
Harvard/HarrisX | November 15–16, 2023 | 2851 (RV) | 33% | 41% | 2% | 16% | – | 2% | – | 6% | Trump +8.0% |
Reuters/Ipsos | November 13–14, 2023 | 1006 (A) | 30% | 32% | – | 20% | – | – | 8% (I wouldn't vote) |
10% | Trump +2.0% |
Fox News | November 10–13, 2023 | 1001 (RV) | 35% | 40% | – | 13% | 5% | 4% | – | 2% | Trump +5.0% |
Fox News | November 10–13, 2023 | 1001 (RV) | 35% | 41% | 3% | 15% | – | 3% | 2% [v] | 2% | Trump +6.0% |
Quinnipiac | November 9–13, 2023 | 1574 (RV) | 35% | 38% | 3% | 17% | – | 3% | 1% (Wouldn't vote) |
2% | Trump +3.0% |
Stein declares her Green Party candidacy | |||||||||||
Rasmussen | November 8–12, 2023 | 987 (LV) | 39% | 38% | – | 12% | – | – | – | 11% | Biden +1.0% |
Democracy Corps | November 5–11, 2023 | 500 (RV) | 37% | 45% | 0% | 9% | 3% (Manchin-Hogan) |
– | 5% [w] | – | Trump +8.0% |
Big Village | October 30 – November 5, 2023 | 1497 (LV) | 37.1% | 40.1% | 1.7% | 12.4% | – | – | 1.4% | 7.3% | Trump +3% |
New York Times/Siena | October 22 – November 3, 2023 | 3662 (LV) [x] | 34% | 36% | – | 22% | – | – | 1% | 5% | Trump +2% |
I&I/TIPP | November 1–3, 2023 | 1242 (RV) | 39% | 37% | 2% | 9% | – | – | 4% | 8% | Biden +2% |
CNN/SSRS | October 27 – November 2, 2023 | 1271 (RV) | 35% | 41% | 4% | 16% | – | – | 2% | 1% | Trump +6% |
Cygnal | October 30 – November 1, 2023 | 2000 (LV) | 40.4% | 39.4% | – | 11.9% | – | – | – | 8.2% | Biden +1% |
HarrisX/The Messenger | October 30 – November 1, 2023 | 2021 (RV) | 36% | 41% | 2% | 11% | – | – | – | 10% | Trump +5% |
American Pulse | October 27–30, 2023 | 568 (LV) | 38.9% | 39.3% | – | 11.3% | – | – | 2.6% | 7.9% | Trump +.4% |
Quinnipiac | October 26–30, 2023 | 1610 (RV) | 36% | 35% | 6% | 19% | – | – | 2% | 2% | Biden +1% |
Redfield & Wilton Strategies | October 29, 2023 | 1183 (LV) | 38% | 40% | – | 10% | – | – | 3% [y] | 10% | Trump +2% |
Echelon Insights | October 23–26, 2023 | 1029 (LV) | 35% | 38% | 1% | 12% | – | – | 8% (No Labels party candidate) |
7% | Trump +3% |
McLaughlin & Associates | October 22–26, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 35% | 38% | 2% | 12% | – | – | – | 13% | Trump +3% |
Abacus Data | October 24–25, 2023 | 1500 (RV) | 39% | 39% | – | 8% | – | – | 5% | 10% | Even |
SP&R | October 17–23, 2023 | 1000 (A) | 47% | 40% | – | 6% | – | – | 3% | 4% | Biden +7% |
HarrisX/The Messenger | October 16–23, 2023 | 3029 (RV) | 35% | 38% | 2% | 12% | – | – | – | 12% | Trump +3% |
USA Today/Suffolk | October 17–20, 2023 | 1000 (RV) | 37% | 36% | 4% | 13% | – | – | – | 8% | Biden +1% |
Harvard/HarrisX | October 18–19, 2023 | 2116 (RV) | 31% | 39% | 3% | 18% | – | – | – | 9% | Trump +8% |
LPTAD | October 16–19, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 35% | 35% | 3% | 13% | – | – | – | 12% | Even |
YouGov/Yahoo | October 12–16, 2023 | 1122 (RV) | 40% | 39% | – | 9% | – | – | 2% | 9% | Biden +1% |
Zogby Analytics | October 13–15, 2023 | 869 (LV) | 41.2% | 42.6% | 3.7% | 12.5% | – | – | – | – | Trump +1.4% |
MNA | October 11–17, 2023 | 3318 (LV) | 36.9% | 37.9% | – | 14.2% | – | – | 8.6% | 2.4% | Trump +1% |
NPR/PBS/Marist | October 10–11, 2023 | 1218 (RV) | 44% | 37% | – | 16% | – | – | – | 3% | Biden +7% |
Kennedy declares his Independent candidacy | |||||||||||
Fox News | October 6–9, 2023 | 1007 (RV) | 41% | 41% | – | 16% | – | – | 2% [z] | 1% | Even |
Fox News | October 6–9, 2023 | 1007 (RV) | 43% | 45% | 9% | – | – | – | 2% [aa] | 2% | Trump +2% |
Cygnal | October 3–5, 2023 | 3000 (LV) | 38.8% | 39.6% | – | 12.3% | – | – | – | 9.3% | Trump +0.8% |
Reuters/Ipsos | October 3–4, 2023 | 1005 (A) | 31% | 33% | – | 14% | – | – | 9% | 13% | Trump +2% |
Echelon Insights | September 25–28, 2023 | 1011 (LV) | 36% | 40% | – | 14% | – | – | – | 10% | Trump +4% |
John Zogby Strategies | September 23–24, 2023 | 1008 (LV) | 38% | 38% | – | 19% | – | – | 5% | – | Even |
Mclaughlin & Associates | September 22–26, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 36% | 40% | 4% | – | 6% | – | – | 14% | Trump +4% |
Mclaughlin & Associates | September 22–26, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 38% | 43% | 6% | – | – | – | – | 13% | Trump +5% |
Gravis | September 19–20, 2023 | 1262 (LV) | 40% | 41% | 2% | – | – | – | 4% (Lars Mapstead) |
13% (Other or undecided) |
Trump +1% |
Emerson College | September 17–18, 2023 | 1125 (RV) | 42% | 43% | 4% | – | – | – | – | 11% | Trump +1% |
YouGov | September 7–18, 2023 | 3098 (RV) | 45% | 43% | – | – | 2% | – | 5% [ab] | 5% | Biden +2% |
PRRI | August 25–30, 2023 | 2525 (RV) | 41% | 37% | 5% | – | 10% | – | – | 6% | Biden +4% |
PRRI | August 25–30, 2023 | 2525 (RV) | 38% | 43% | 4% | – | – | – | 10% (Larry Hogan) |
7% | Trump +5% |
Wall Street Journal | August 24–30, 2023 | 1500 (RV) | 39% | 40% | 2% | – | – | – | 1% (Lars Mapstead) |
17% | Trump +1% |
Emerson College | August 25–26, 2023 | 1000 (RV) | 39% | 44% | 4% | – | – | – | – | 13% | Trump +5% |
Mclaughlin & Associates | August 15–23, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 41% | 42% | 6% | – | – | – | – | 11% | Trump +1% |
Mclaughlin & Associates | August 15–23, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 38% | 39% | 5% | – | 7% | – | – | 12% | Trump +1% |
Emerson College | August 16–17, 2023 | 1000 (RV) | 41% | 42% | 5% | – | – | – | – | 13% | Trump +1% |
McLaughlin & Associates | July 19–24, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 38% | 40% | 6% | – | 5% | – | – | 12% | Trump +2% |
McLaughlin & Associates | July 19–24, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 40% | 42% | 5% | – | – | – | – | 13% | Trump +2% |
Reuters/Ipsos | July 11–17, 2023 | 4414 (A) | 31% | 31% | – | 18% | – | – | 9% | 10% | Even |
Echelon Insights | June 26–29, 2023 | 1020 (LV) | 42% | 43% | 4% | – | – | – | – | 11% | Trump +1% |
Emerson College | June 19–20, 2023 | 1015 (RV) | 40% | 41% | 6% | – | – | – | 7% | 6% | Trump +1% |
West declares his candidacy | |||||||||||
Data For Progress | May 25 – June 5, 2023 | 1625 (LV) | 44% | 44% | – | – | – | – | 6% (Larry Hogan) |
7% | Even |
Echelon Insights | May 22–25, 2023 | 1035 (LV) | 41% | 42% | – | – | 9% | – | – | 8% | Trump +1% |
RMG Research | May 22–24, 2023 | 1000 (RV) | 35% | 37% | – | – | 12% | – | 4% | 12% | Trump +2% |
{{
cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
link)
By the numbers, if I were to run, I would probably increase the chances of Trump winning," he told Playbook. "And so I'm not going to do that.
|
2024 U.S. presidential election | |
---|---|
|
|
Democratic Party | |
Republican Party | |
Third parties | |
Related races | |
| |
This article lists third party and independent candidates, also jointly known as minor candidates, associated with the 2024 United States presidential election.
Early polling for third party candidates in this election cycle has suggested the highest level of support for such a candidate since Ross Perot in 1992 and 1996. [1] Polls were especially high for Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who withdrew his candidacy in the Democratic Party primaries in October 2023 to run as an independent. [2]
The following general election candidates currently have ballot access to fewer than 270 electoral votes, the minimum number required to attain the presidency. Ballot access deadlines vary from state to state.
Party
|
Presidential nominee | Vice presidential nominee | Campaign | States with ballot access | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Randall Terry Activist and perennial candidate from Tennessee |
Stephen Broden Pastor and political commentator from Texas |
Website | [3] | ||
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Attorney and activist from California |
Nicole Shanahan Attorney and technologist from California |
Website Campaign FEC filing [4] [5] [6] Additional party nominations: |
[17] [18] [19] | ||
Cornel West Academic and activist from California |
Melina Abdullah Academic and activist from California |
Website Campaign FEC filing [20] [21] [22] Additional party nominations: |
[23] [27] | ||
Claudia De la Cruz Activist from New York |
Karina Garcia Activist from California |
Website FEC filing
[28] |
[30] [31] | ||
Peter Sonski Local politician from Connecticut |
Lauren Onak Teacher from Florida |
Website June 13, 2023 FEC filing [32] |
[34] | ||
Michael Wood Businessman and Prohibition National Committee member from California |
John Pietrowski Prohibition National Committee member from Ohio |
Website July 5, 2023 FEC filing [35] |
[37] |
Parties and candidates in this section have not attained ballot lines in any states.
Date | Party nomination event |
---|---|
May 9, 2023 | Prohibition Party presidential nominating convention |
June 1, 2023 | American Solidarity Party online primary |
April 6, 2024 | Unity Party of America nominating convention |
April 13, 2024 | Unity Party of Colorado [d] nominating convention |
April 17, 2024 | Natural Law Party nominating convention |
April 27, 2024 | Constitution Party nominating convention |
May 26, 2024 | Libertarian National Convention |
July 14, 2024 | Green National Convention |
August 2024 | Conservative Party of New York State nominating convention |
Peace and Freedom Party state central committee meeting |
The Libertarian Party is participating in several non-binding preference primaries in 2024. The party's presidential nominee will be chosen directly by delegates at the 2024 Libertarian National Convention, which is scheduled to be held on Memorial Day weekend from May 24 to 26, 2024, in Washington, D.C. [44] [45]
This section includes declared candidates who have filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Libertarian Party and who meet one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines; b) have participated in at least three Libertarian Party-sponsored debates; or c) have received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.
Name | Born | Experience | Home state | Campaign Announcement date |
Contests won |
Popular vote |
Ref. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January 1, 1970 (age 54) New Orleans, Louisiana |
Otolaryngologist |
Louisiana |
[1]
August 24, 2023 FEC filing [46] |
1 (CA) |
22,100 (57.2%) | [47] | ||||
Jacob Hornberger |
January 28, 1950 (age 74) Laredo, Texas |
Founder and President of the Future of Freedom Foundation Independent candidate for U.S. Senate from Virginia in 2002 Candidate for President in 2000 and 2020 |
Virginia |
[2]
February 20, 2023 FEC filing [48] |
0 | 1,839 (4.8%) | [49] | |||
August 14, 1969 (age 54) Monterey, California |
Co-founder of
Friend Finder Networks Founder of Fupa Games and Legendary Speed [50] |
California |
[3]
March 23, 2021 FEC filing [51] |
0 | 603 (1.6%) | [52] | ||||
Chase Oliver |
August 16, 1985 (age 38) Nashville, Tennessee |
Nominee for
U.S. Senator from
Georgia in
2022 Candidate for GA-05 in 2020 Chair of the Atlanta Libertarian Party (2016–2017) |
Georgia |
[4]
April 5, 2023 FEC filing [53] |
5 ( IA, IN, AZ, OK, CT) |
3,187 (8.2%) | [54] | |||
Art Olivier |
August 24, 1957 (age 66) Lynwood, California |
Nominee for
U.S. Vice President in
2000 Nominee for Governor of California in 2006 Mayor of Bellflower, California (1998–1999) |
California |
[5]
December 11, 2023 FEC filing [55] |
0 | 5 (nil%) | [56] | |||
Michael Rectenwald |
January 29, 1959 (age 65) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |
Author and Scholar Former New York University professor (2008–2019) |
Pennsylvania |
[6]
August 28, 2023 FEC filing [57] |
2 ( MS, AL) |
823 (2.1%) | [49] | |||
March 13, 1983 (age 41) Antioch, California |
Vice Chair of the
Libertarian National Committee (2022–2023) |
Iowa |
[7]
July 24, 2023 FEC filing [58] |
1 ( MN) |
415 (1.1%) | [49] | ||||
Mike ter Maat |
June 20, 1961 (age 62) Portland, Oregon |
Economist Former Hallandale Beach, Florida police officer Nominee for FL-20 in 2022 |
Virginia |
[8]
April 18, 2022 FEC filing [59] |
1 ( PA) |
520 (1.3%) | [52] | |||
Alternate ballot options: | ||||||||||
No preference/ None of the above/ Uncommitted |
N/A | 2 (NC, MA) |
6,052 (15.7%) | [60] |
The Green Party is holding a series of presidential primaries through which convention delegates will be awarded to candidates and will nominate the party's presidential ticket at the 2024 Green National Convention, [61] which is scheduled to take place as a virtual event from July 11 to 14, 2024. [62]
The individuals listed below are declared candidates who have filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Green Party and who meet one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines; b) have participated (or have been invited to participate) in at least two Green Party-sponsored debates or c) have received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.
Name | Born | Experience | Home state | Campaign Announcement date |
Contests won | Delegates | Popular vote | Running mate | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidates with pledged delegates | ||||||||||
Jill Stein |
May 14, 1950 (age 73) Chicago, Illinois |
Nominee for president in
2012 and
2016 Member of the Lexington Town Meeting from the 2nd Precinct Activist |
Massachusetts |
Campaign November 9, 2023 FEC filing [63] [64] |
10 (AZ, CA, IL, KS, PA, NY, WA, NV, TX, WV [e]) | 116 / 420 210 needed to win
|
16,099 (99.5%) | [65] | ||
Jasmine Sherman | August 17, 1985 (age 38) Queens, New York |
Executive Director of Greater Charlotte Rise |
North Carolina
February 18, 2022 FEC filing [66] [67] |
6 / 420 210 needed to win
|
57 (0.4%) | Tanda Blubear [68] | [69] [70] | |||
Other candidates formally recognized by GPUS [71] | ||||||||||
Jorge Zavala | unknown | Businessman | California |
October 13, 2023 FEC filing [72] |
13 (0.1%) | [73] [70] | ||||
Alternate ballot options: | ||||||||||
None of the above | N/A | 0 | 2 / 420
|
1 (nil%) |
The Constitution Party held its presidential nominating convention on April 24–27, 2024, in Salt Lake City, Utah. [74] [75]
Eight candidates sought the nomination: [76]
Skousen, Terry, and Jim Harvey of Georgia -who ultimately did not seek the nomination- participated in an April 6 debate in Dearborn, Michigan. [80]
Randall Terry won the nomination by securing a majority in the first round. The votes largely broke down along geographic lines. Joel Skousen, who is from Utah, received all 61 votes from the delegations of the Four Corners states, but only 19 votes from the rest of the country combined. The only state delegations he carried outside of the region were New Hampshire and West Virginia. Paul Venable won the majority of votes from South Carolina and his home state of Missouri and Daniel Cummings won a plurality in his home state of Wyoming. The remaining ten delegations were all won by Terry. [81]
Pastor and political commentator Stephen Broden received the vice-presidential nomination. [82]
Aside from the presidential nomination, much of the debate at the convention focused on an ultimately defeated amendment by Skousen to remove references to God from the party platform.
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Randall Terry | 144 | 54.55% | ||
Joel Skousen | 80 | 30.30% | ||
Paul Venable | 32 | 12.12% | ||
Daniel Cummings | 4 | 1.52% | ||
Brandon McIntyre | 2 | 0.76% | ||
Samm Tittle | 2 | 0.76% | ||
Louis C. Hook | 0 | 0.00% | ||
Ben Stewart | 0 | 0.00% | ||
Total: | 264 | 100.00% | ||
Source: [83] |
The Constitution Party received 60,023 votes in the 2020 election.
The American Independent Party held a non-binding presidential preference primary in California on March 5, 2024. James Bradley was the only candidate listed on the ballot and defeated Andrew George Rummel, who was a recognized write-in candidate. [84] [85]
Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
---|---|---|
James Bradley | 45,565 | 99.96% |
Andrew George Rummel (write-in) | 16 | 0.04% |
Total: | 45,581 | 100.0% |
The Legal Marijuana Now Party held its first-ever presidential nomination primary in Minnesota on Super Tuesday, March 5. This was the first presidential primary to be held in Minnesota for a third party since 1916. [87] Krystal Gabel withdrew from the race during Legal Marijuana Now Party's candidate filing discussions. When Gabel asked to be removed from the ballot, after early voting had started on January 19, 2024, the Minnesota Secretary of State's office stated that changes cannot be made to the list of candidates after the list was certified 63 days prior to the election, and Gabel's name remained on ballots. [88]
Five candidates appeared on the ballot:
Of Minnesota's three major political parties, all of which included a write in option for their 2024 nominating primaries, only the Legal Marijuana Now party submitted to the Secretary of State a write in name to be counted, singer-songwriter Willie Nelson. [90]
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Delegates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Krystal Gabel (withdrew) | 759 | 28.84% | - | ||
Dennis Schuller | 459 | 17.44% | 7 | ||
Vermin Supreme | 397 | 15.08% | 6 | ||
Rudy Reyes | 365 | 13.87% | 5 | ||
Edward Forchion | 168 | 6.38% | 2 | ||
Willie Nelson (write-in) | 19 | 0.72% | 0 | ||
Other write-ins | 465 | 17.67% | - | ||
Total: | 2,632 | 100.00% | 20 | ||
Source: [91] |
Gabel won a plurality of the vote (28.8%), but withdrew ahead of the primary. Of declared candidates, Dennis Schuller finished in the lead, with 17.4%. [92]
The party is also ballot-qualified in Nebraska, but no candidates qualified for the May 14 primary. [93]
The Peace and Freedom Party held a non-binding preference primary in California on Super Tuesday, March 5. Claudia De la Cruz, the nominee of the Party for Socialism and Liberation, won the primary with a plurality, defeating Jasmine Sherman and Cornel West. [94] The party's presidential nominee will be chosen by the state central committee in August. [95]
Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Claudia de la Cruz | 6,430 | 47.0% |
Cornel West | 5,455 | 39.9% |
Jasmine Sherman | 1,795 | 13.1% |
Total: | 13,680 | 100.0% |
The American Solidarity Party announced on June 2, 2023, that Peter Sonski had won their party's online primary, which lasted from May 24 to June 1. Sonski was nominated in the first round of ranked-choice voting with 52%. Sonski then selected Lauren Onak as his vice president, who was then officially nominated via unanimous consent.
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Peter Sonski | 328 | 52.5% | ||
Jacqueline Abernathy | 207 | 33.1 | ||
Joe Schriner | 50 | 8.0 | ||
Larry Johnson | 24 | 3.8 | ||
Erskine Levi | 16 | 2.6 | ||
Total: | 625 | 100.00% | ||
Source: [96] |
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Lauren Onak | Nominated via Unanimous Consent | |||
Source: [97] |
The Natural Law Party held its nominating convention on April 17, 2024 where it nominated independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. for President and Nicole Shanahan for Vice President. Party chairman Doug Dern claimed fellow independent candidate Cornel West also sought the party's ballot access. [98]
The party is only ballot qualified in Michigan. In 2020, the party nominated Alliance Party nominee Rocky De La Fuente, who received 2,986 votes in Michigan.
The Prohibition Party held its presidential nominating convention on May 8–9, 2023, in Buffalo, New York. Three candidates stood for nomination; Michael Wood was nominated on the first ballot. [99]
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Michael Wood | 8 | 61.5% | ||
Zack Kusnir | 4 | 30.8% | ||
Scott Baier | 0 | 0.0% | ||
Jay Rockefeller (write-in) | 1 | 7.7% | ||
Total: | 13 | 100.00% | ||
Source: [100] |
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
John Petrowski | Nominated via Unanimous Consent | |||
Source: [100] |
The Bill Hammons-led faction of the Unity Party of America nominated Paul Noel Fiorino and Matthew May for president and vice president respectively at the 7th United National Convention over Google Meet on April 6, 2024. [101]
However, the Colorado faction of the party, which has the party's ballot access, met on April 13, 2024 and nominated independent candidate Cornel West for president and his running mate, Melina Abdullah for vice president. [102] [103]
Candidate | Percentage | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Cornel West | 95% | |||
Paul Noel Fiorino | 5% | |||
Total: | 100.00% | |||
Source: [104] |
Withdrew before convention:
The party is currently only ballot-approved in Colorado. [106] In 2020, party co-founder Bill Hammons was on the ballot in three states and received 6,647 votes. [107]
The Alliance Party received 88,236 votes for president in 2020. [107] It is ballot-qualified in South Carolina and Alaska. [108] [109]
The Approval Voting Party received 409 votes for president in 2020. [107] It is currently only ballot-approved in Colorado. [106]
The Conservative Party of New York State has held ballot access in New York since its inception in 1962. In presidential elections, the party typically nominates the Republican nominee through a fusion ticket; its most recent endorsement of Donald Trump in 2020 garnered 296,335 statewide votes on the party ballot line. In February 2024, the party held an executive committee meeting in Dyker Heights, Brooklyn, and announced Trump as its presumptive nominee after a majority of county committees endorsed his campaign. The party is expected to make the nomination official at the August state convention. [110]
The Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party is a regional ballot-qualified party in Vermont which has regularly nominated candidates for president since 1972. [111] It nominated Gloria La Riva, the PSL nominee, in 2020. She received 166 votes in Vermont. [107]
The Green Party of Alaska, which is unaffiliated with the Green Party of the United States is ballot-qualified in Alaska. [109] The party nominated Jesse Ventura for President in 2020 and received 2,673 votes. [112]
The party has hosted a series of debates featuring the following candidates seeking the nomination: [113]
The United Kansas Party was established in 2024, and is expected to field a fusion ticket for president and vice president. It is ballot-qualified in Kansas. [127]
The Working Families Party currently has ballot access in five states, totaling to 57 electoral votes. [128] The party practices electoral fusion through nomination of the Democratic nominee in presidential elections; in New York, Joe Biden received 386,613 votes on the Working Families line in 2020. In April 2024, the party urged New York primary voters to leave their ballots blank in the Democratic primary as an extension of the protest vote movement affecting Biden's primary campaign. [129]
As of April 2024, [update] the following notable individuals are declared presidential candidates that are either running as an independent or seeking the nomination of an unspecified third party, but do not presently have ballot access.
As of April 2024, [update] there has been speculation about the potential candidacy as an independent or with an unspecified third party, for the following notable individuals, within the previous six months.
The following notable individual(s) announced and then suspended their campaigns before the election:
The following individuals have declined to be candidates for the No Labels unity ticket. On April 4, 2024, the organization announced it would not run a presidential campaign. [141]
The following notable individuals have been the subject of speculation about their possible candidacies, but have publicly denied interest in running.
The Muslim Civic Coalition hosted a forum featuring Green Jill Stein and independent Cornel West on February 3 in Oak Brook, Illinois. The organization claimed all presidential candidates were invited to attend. [176]
The Libertarian Party of California hosted two multiparty debates at their state convention February 24–25. The first night featured Libertarian candidates Michael Rectenwald and Mike ter Maat and independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Green candidate Jill Stein was advertised as attending but ultimately did not. [177] The second night featured Libertarian candidates Charles Ballay, Lars Mapstead, and Jacob Hornberger alongside independent candidate Cornel West. [178]
Free and Equal hosted a multiparty debate on February 29, 2024, moderated by the foundation's chair, Christina Tobin. Candidates were chosen via a point system style voting through the organization's "block-chain voting app" with an audit process after the fact. Socialism and Liberation nominee Claudia De la Cruz, independent candidates Cornel West and Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Libertarian candidates Chase Oliver and Lars Mapstead, and Green candidates Jill Stein and Jasmine Sherman were invited, although Kennedy and West declined to attend. [179] [180] The two hour debate was broadcast on YouTube, Rumble, and CSPAN among various other platforms. At one point, co-moderator Jason Michael Palmer remarked on the five candidates’ relative agreement on social issues, although the debate became more combative towards the end. [181] Jasmine Sherman won the organization’s post-debate ranked choice voting poll. [182]
Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample size |
Joe Biden |
Donald Trump |
Nikki Haley |
Cornel West |
Robert F. Kennedy Jr |
Joe Manchin |
Jill Stein |
Other | Undecided | Margin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CNN/SSRS | April 18–23, 2024 | 967 (RV) | 33% | 42% | – | 4% | 16% | – | 3% | 2% [g] | 1% | Trump +9% |
Quinnipiac | April 18–22, 2024 | 1429 (RV) | 37% | 37% | – | 3% | 16% | – | 3% | 2% [h] | 2% | Even |
Marist College | April 16–18, 2024 | 1047 (RV) | 43% | 38% | – | 2% | 14% | – | 2% | – | 1% | Biden +5% |
Emerson College | April 16–17, 2024 | 1308 (RV) | 39.9% | 43.5% | – | 1.0% | 7.6% | – | 0.4% | – | 7.6% | Trump +3.6% |
NBC News | April 12–16, 2024 | 1000 (RV) | 39% | 37% | – | 2% | 13% | – | 3% | 1% Would not vote |
3% | Biden +2% |
McLaughlin & Associates | April 10–16, 2024 | 1000 (LV) | 36% | 38% | – | 2% | 10% | – | 2% | 2% (Lars Mapstead) |
9% | Trump +2% |
Echelon Insights | April 12–14, 2024 | 1020 (LV) | 41% | 40% | – | 2% | 11% | – | 2% | – | 4% | Biden +1% |
ActiVote | March 24 – April 10, 2024 | 1083 (LV) | 40.7% | 44.0% | – | – | 15.3% | – | – | – | – | Trump +3.3% |
Redfield & Wilton Strategies | April 6–7, 2024 | 4000 (RV) | 41% | 41% | – | – | 9% | – | – | – | 6% | Even |
I&I/Tipp | April 3–5, 2024 | 1265 (RV) | 38% | 38% | – | 2% | 11% | – | 1% | 2% | 9% | Even |
Emerson College | April 2–3, 2024 | 1438 (RV) | 42.0% | 43.2% | – | 0.7% | 7.8% | – | 0.5% | – | 5.8% | Trump +1.2% |
Big Village | March 29–31, 2024 | 1425 (LV) | 41.9% | 39.7% | – | 1.8% | 7.8% | – | – | 0.6% (I would not vote) |
8.1% | Biden +2.2% |
Trafalgar | March 29–31, 2024 | 1092 (LV) | 39.8% | 43.1% | – | 1.7% | 11.4% | – | 0.8% | – | 3.1% | Trump +3.3% |
Data For Progress | March 27–29, 2024 | 1200 (LV) | 41% | 42% | – | 1% | 8% | – | 1% | – | 6% | Trump +1% |
NPR/PBS/Marist | March 25–28, 2024 | 1199 (RV) | 43% | 41% | – | 1% | 11% | – | 2% | – | 1% | Biden +2% |
Marquette Law | March 18–28, 2024 | 614 (LV) | 41% | 41% | – | 4% | 13% | – | 2% | – | – | Even |
HarrisX/Forbes | March 25, 2024 | 1010 (RV) | 37% | 40% | – | 1% | 12% | – | 1% | – | 8% | Trump +3% |
Fox News | March 22–25, 2024 | 1094 (RV) | 38% | 43% | – | 2% | 12% | – | 2% | 1% (Wouldn't vote) |
2% | Trump +5% |
Quinnipiac | March 21–25, 2024 | 1407 (RV) | 38% | 39% | – | 3% | 13% | – | 4% | 1% (Refused) |
2% | Trump +1% |
Daily Mail/J.L. Partners | March 20–24, 2024 | 1000 (LV) | 39% | 43% | – | 2% | 7% | – | 1% | – | 8% | Trump +4% |
Echelon Insights | March 18–21, 2024 | 1006 (LV) | 40% | 43% | – | 1% | 10% | – | 2% | – | 4% | Trump +3% |
Harvard/Harris X | March 20–21, 2024 | 2111 (RV) | 36% | 41% | – | 1% | 14% | – | 2% | – | 6% | Trump +5% |
McLaughlin & Associates | March 9–14, 2024 | 1000 (LV) | 34% | 38% | – | 2% | 12% | 2% | 2% | – | 9% | Trump +4% |
Big Village | March 8–13, 2024 | 1518 (LV) | 39.5% | 40.9% | – | 1.8% | 8.5% | – | – | 1.0% (Would not vote) |
8.2% | Trump +1.4% |
Reuters/Ipsos | March 7–13, 2024 | 4094 (A) | 31% | 32% | – | – | 16% | – | – | 10% (I wouldn't vote) |
11% | Trump +1% |
USA Today/Suffolk University | March 8–11, 2024 | 1000 (RV) | 38% | 40% | – | 2% | 9% | 2% (No Labels candidate) |
2% | 1% (Libertarian candidate) |
5% | Trump +2% |
HarrisX | March 8–10, 2024 | 2017 (RV) | 35% | 41% | – | 1% | 12% | – | 1% | – | 10% | Trump +6% |
Emerson College | March 5–6, 2024 | 1350 (RV) | 41.5% | 43.2% | – | 1.6% | 6.0% | – | 0.5% | – | 7.2% | Trump +1.7% |
Redfield & Wilton Strategies | March 2, 2024 | 1500 (LV) | 39% | 43% | – | – | 9% | – | – | – | 7% | Trump +4% |
I&I/Tipp | February 28 – March 1, 2024 | 1246 (RV) | 38% | 38% | – | 2% | 9% | – | 1% | 3% | 9% | Even |
G Squared Public Strategies/Third Way | February 27 – March 1, 2024 | 2000 (LV) | 36% | 36% | 8% [i] | – | 13% | – | – | – | 7% | Even |
Fox News | February 25–28, 2024 | 1262 (RV) | 38% | 41% | – | 3% | 13% | – | 2% | <1% | 2% | Trump +3% |
Fox News | February 25–28, 2024 | 1262 (RV) | 35% | – | 28% | 5% | 24% | – | 2% | 3% [j] | 2% | Biden +7% |
HarrisX | February 24–28, 2024 | 3021 (RV) | 36% | 40% | – | 2% | 11% | – | 1% | – | 10% | Trump +4% |
Wall Street Journal | February 21–28, 2024 | 1745 (RV) | 35% | 40% | – | 2% | 9% | – | 1% | 1% (Lars Mapstead) |
12% | Trump +5% |
HarrisX | February 20–23, 2024 | 3010 (RV) | 40% | 42% | – | 2% | 12% | – | 1% | – | 11% | Trump +2% |
Harvard/HarrisX | February 21–22, 2024 | 2022 (RV) | 33% | 42% | – | 1% | 14% | – | 1% | – | 8% | Trump +9% |
Quinnipiac | February 15–19, 2024 | 1421 (RV) | 38% | 37% | – | 3% | 15% | – | 3% | 1% (Wouldn't vote) |
2% | Biden +1% |
Quinnipiac | February 15–19, 2024 | 1421 (RV) | 35% | – | 27% | 5% | 24% | – | 3% | 4% [k] | 2% | Biden +8% |
Manchin announces he won't run for president | ||||||||||||
Emerson College | February 13–14, 2024 | 1225 (RV) | 37.9% | 40.2% | – | 1.4% | 6.7% | – | 1.3% | – | 12.5% | Trump +2.3% |
Echelon Insights | February 12–14, 2024 | 1015 (LV) | 37% | 42% | – | 2% | 8% | 2% | 2% | – | 6% | Trump +5% |
Redfield & Wilton | February 10, 2024 | ??? (LV) | 41% | 42% | – | – | 8% | – | – | 3% | 6% | Trump +1% |
Marquette Law | February 5–15, 2024 | 628 (LV) | 40% | 43% | – | 1% | 14% | – | 1% | <1% | – | Trump +3% |
Atlas Intel | February 2–7, 2024 | 1637 (RV) | 42.3% | 43.9% | – | 0.1% | 5.2% | – | – | 5.2% [l] | 4.7% | Trump +1.6% |
Atlas Intel | February 2–7, 2024 | 1637 (RV) | 41% | – | 23% | 0.5% | 11.4% | – | – | 13.9% [l] | 10.2% | Biden +18% |
Atlas Intel | February 2–7, 2024 | 1637 (RV) | 41.6% (Michelle Obama) |
39% | – | 0% | 5.1% | – | – | 4% [l] | 10.3% | Obama +2.6% |
Survey USA | January 31 – February 2, 2024 | 1500 (RV) | 40% | 45% | 13% | – | – | – | – | – | 3% | Trump +5% |
Survey USA | January 31 – February 2, 2024 | 1500 (RV) | 36% | 43% | 11% | – | 9% | – | – | – | 2% | Trump +7% |
Survey USA | January 31 – February 2, 2024 | 1500 (RV) | 36% | 41% | 10% | 1% | 10% | – | – | – | 2% | Trump +5% |
I&I/Tipp | January 31 – February 2, 2024 | 1266 (RV) | 34% | 40% | – | 2% | 8% | 1% | 3% | 3% [m] | 10% | Trump +6% |
YouGov/UMass | January 25–30, 2024 | 989 (LV) | 39% | 43% | – | – | 9% | – | – | 4% | 4% | Trump +4% |
McLaughlin & Associates | January 25–31, 2024 | 1000 (LV) | 34% | 39% | – | 2% | 9% | 2% | 2% | – | 12% | Trump +5% |
Emerson College | January 26–29, 2024 | 1260 (RV) | 36.9% | 41.7% | 11.8% | – | – | – | – | – | 9.6% | Trump +4.8% |
Emerson College | January 26–29, 2024 | 1260 (RV) | 39.2% | 41.4% | – | 0.8% | 4.9% | – | 0.8% | – | 13% | Trump +2.2% |
Quinnipiac | January 25–29, 2024 | 1650 (RV) | 39% | 37% | – | 3% | 14% | 2% | – | 2% [n] | 3% | Biden +2% |
Quinnipiac | January 25–29, 2024 | 1650 (RV) | 36% | – | 29% | 3% | 21% | 2% | – | 5% [o] | 3% | Biden +7% |
Reuters/Ipsos | January 22–24, 2024 | 1250 (RV) | 30% | 36% | – | – | 8% | – | – | 12% [p] | 13% | Trump +6% |
Harvard/HarrisX | January 17–18, 2024 | 2346 (RV) | 31% | 42% | – | 2% | 15% | – | 2% | – | 8% | Trump +11% |
Echelon Insights | January 16–18, 2024 | 1029 (LV) | 35% | 41% | – | 2% | 11% | 2% | 3% | – | 6% | Trump +6% |
Messenger/Harris X | January 16–17, 2024 | 1045 (RV) | 37% | 40% | – | 2% | 11% | – | 1% | – | 9% | Trump +3% |
Cygnal | January 11–12, 2024 | 2000 (LV) | 41.4% | 41.5% | – | – | 10.2% | – | – | – | 6.9% | Trump +.1% |
Reuters/Ipsos | January 3–9, 2024 | 4677 (A) | 29% | 30% | – | – | 18% | – | – | 11% (I wouldn't vote) |
13% | Trump +1% |
I&I/Tipp | January 3–5, 2024 | 1247 (RV) | 34% | 37% | – | 2% | 8% | 1% | 1% | 5% [q] | 11% | Trump +3% |
Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample size |
Joe Biden |
Donald Trump |
Cornel West |
Robert F. Kennedy Jr |
Joe Manchin |
Jill Stein |
Other | Undecided | Margin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
USA Today/Suffolk University | December 26–29, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 33.9% | 37.2% | 2.4% | 9.5% | 1.3% | – | 3.9% [r] | 11.1% | Trump +3.3% |
Daily Mail/J.L. Partners | December 15–20, 2023 | 984 (LV) | 36% | 40% | 1% | 4% | – | 0% | 8% | 10% | Trump +4% |
McLaughlin & Associates | December 13–19, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 34% | 36% | 2% | 10% | 3% | 2% | – | 13% | Trump +2% |
Quinnipiac | December 14–18, 2023 | 1647 (RV) | 36% | 38% | 3% | 16% | – | 3% | 2% [s] | 3% | Trump +2% |
Echelon Insights | December 12–16, 2023 | 1012 (LV) | 36% | 41% | 1% | 9% | – | 1% | 4% (Mark Cuban) |
8% | Trump +5% |
Harvard/Harris | December 13–14, 2023 | 2034 (RV) | 33% | 41% | 2% | 15% | – | 2% | – | 7% | Trump +8% |
Fox News | December 10–13, 2023 | 1007 (RV) | 37% | 41% | 2% | 14% | – | 3% | 2% [t] | 2% | Trump +4% |
Redfield & Wilton | December 8, 2023 | 1135 (LV) | 38% | 43% | – | 9% | – | – | 3% | 7% | Trump +5% |
Rasmussen | December 6–10, 2023 | 892 (LV) | 32% | 40% | – | 16% | – | – | 6% | 6% | Trump +8% |
Reuters/Ipsos | December 5–11, 2023 | 4411 (A) | 31% | 36% | – | 16% | – | – | 7% (I wouldn't vote) |
10% | Trump +5% |
Cygnal | December 5–7, 2023 | 2000 (LV) | 41.9% | 42.7% | – | 9.3% | – | – | – | 6.1% | Trump +0.8% |
Cygnal | December 5–7, 2023 | 2000 (LV) | 41.3% | 41.0% | – | 8.0% | 3.3% | – | – | 6.4% | Biden +0.3% |
Emerson College | December 4–6, 2023 | 1000 (RV) | 36.7% | 43.4% | 0.7% | 6.5% | – | 1.1% | – | 11.5% | Trump +6.7% |
CNN/SSRS | November 29 – December 6, 2023 | 1197 (RV) | 31% | 39% | 6% | 20% | – | – | 2% [u] | 2% | Trump +8.0% |
Wall Street Journal | November 29 – December 4, 2023 | 1500 (RV) | 31% | 37% | 3% | 8% | 3% | 2% | 1% (Lars Mapstead) |
14% | Trump +6.0% |
Big Village | November 27 – December 3, 2023 | 2219 (LV) | 36.3% | 41.8% | 2.8% | 11.7% | – | – | 1.4% (I would not vote) |
5.9% | Trump +5.5% |
I&I/Tipp | November 29 – December 1, 2023 | 1301 (RV) | 33% | 38% | 2% | 11% | – | 2% | 4% | 10% | Trump +5.0% |
Messenger/HarrisX | November 22–28, 2023 | 4003 (RV) | 33% | 41% | 2% | 13% | – | – | – | 11% | Trump +8.0% |
Emerson College | November 17–20, 2023 | 1475 (RV) | 36% | 42% | 1% | 7% | – | 1% | – | 13% | Trump +6.0% |
McLaughlin & Associates | November 16–20, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 32% | 36% | 4% | 12% | 3% | 2% | – | 12% | Trump +4.0% |
Messenger/HarrisX | November 15–19, 2023 | 3017 (RV) | 33% | 40% | 2% | 14% | – | – | – | 11% | Trump +7.0% |
Harvard/HarrisX | November 15–16, 2023 | 2851 (RV) | 33% | 41% | 2% | 16% | – | 2% | – | 6% | Trump +8.0% |
Reuters/Ipsos | November 13–14, 2023 | 1006 (A) | 30% | 32% | – | 20% | – | – | 8% (I wouldn't vote) |
10% | Trump +2.0% |
Fox News | November 10–13, 2023 | 1001 (RV) | 35% | 40% | – | 13% | 5% | 4% | – | 2% | Trump +5.0% |
Fox News | November 10–13, 2023 | 1001 (RV) | 35% | 41% | 3% | 15% | – | 3% | 2% [v] | 2% | Trump +6.0% |
Quinnipiac | November 9–13, 2023 | 1574 (RV) | 35% | 38% | 3% | 17% | – | 3% | 1% (Wouldn't vote) |
2% | Trump +3.0% |
Stein declares her Green Party candidacy | |||||||||||
Rasmussen | November 8–12, 2023 | 987 (LV) | 39% | 38% | – | 12% | – | – | – | 11% | Biden +1.0% |
Democracy Corps | November 5–11, 2023 | 500 (RV) | 37% | 45% | 0% | 9% | 3% (Manchin-Hogan) |
– | 5% [w] | – | Trump +8.0% |
Big Village | October 30 – November 5, 2023 | 1497 (LV) | 37.1% | 40.1% | 1.7% | 12.4% | – | – | 1.4% | 7.3% | Trump +3% |
New York Times/Siena | October 22 – November 3, 2023 | 3662 (LV) [x] | 34% | 36% | – | 22% | – | – | 1% | 5% | Trump +2% |
I&I/TIPP | November 1–3, 2023 | 1242 (RV) | 39% | 37% | 2% | 9% | – | – | 4% | 8% | Biden +2% |
CNN/SSRS | October 27 – November 2, 2023 | 1271 (RV) | 35% | 41% | 4% | 16% | – | – | 2% | 1% | Trump +6% |
Cygnal | October 30 – November 1, 2023 | 2000 (LV) | 40.4% | 39.4% | – | 11.9% | – | – | – | 8.2% | Biden +1% |
HarrisX/The Messenger | October 30 – November 1, 2023 | 2021 (RV) | 36% | 41% | 2% | 11% | – | – | – | 10% | Trump +5% |
American Pulse | October 27–30, 2023 | 568 (LV) | 38.9% | 39.3% | – | 11.3% | – | – | 2.6% | 7.9% | Trump +.4% |
Quinnipiac | October 26–30, 2023 | 1610 (RV) | 36% | 35% | 6% | 19% | – | – | 2% | 2% | Biden +1% |
Redfield & Wilton Strategies | October 29, 2023 | 1183 (LV) | 38% | 40% | – | 10% | – | – | 3% [y] | 10% | Trump +2% |
Echelon Insights | October 23–26, 2023 | 1029 (LV) | 35% | 38% | 1% | 12% | – | – | 8% (No Labels party candidate) |
7% | Trump +3% |
McLaughlin & Associates | October 22–26, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 35% | 38% | 2% | 12% | – | – | – | 13% | Trump +3% |
Abacus Data | October 24–25, 2023 | 1500 (RV) | 39% | 39% | – | 8% | – | – | 5% | 10% | Even |
SP&R | October 17–23, 2023 | 1000 (A) | 47% | 40% | – | 6% | – | – | 3% | 4% | Biden +7% |
HarrisX/The Messenger | October 16–23, 2023 | 3029 (RV) | 35% | 38% | 2% | 12% | – | – | – | 12% | Trump +3% |
USA Today/Suffolk | October 17–20, 2023 | 1000 (RV) | 37% | 36% | 4% | 13% | – | – | – | 8% | Biden +1% |
Harvard/HarrisX | October 18–19, 2023 | 2116 (RV) | 31% | 39% | 3% | 18% | – | – | – | 9% | Trump +8% |
LPTAD | October 16–19, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 35% | 35% | 3% | 13% | – | – | – | 12% | Even |
YouGov/Yahoo | October 12–16, 2023 | 1122 (RV) | 40% | 39% | – | 9% | – | – | 2% | 9% | Biden +1% |
Zogby Analytics | October 13–15, 2023 | 869 (LV) | 41.2% | 42.6% | 3.7% | 12.5% | – | – | – | – | Trump +1.4% |
MNA | October 11–17, 2023 | 3318 (LV) | 36.9% | 37.9% | – | 14.2% | – | – | 8.6% | 2.4% | Trump +1% |
NPR/PBS/Marist | October 10–11, 2023 | 1218 (RV) | 44% | 37% | – | 16% | – | – | – | 3% | Biden +7% |
Kennedy declares his Independent candidacy | |||||||||||
Fox News | October 6–9, 2023 | 1007 (RV) | 41% | 41% | – | 16% | – | – | 2% [z] | 1% | Even |
Fox News | October 6–9, 2023 | 1007 (RV) | 43% | 45% | 9% | – | – | – | 2% [aa] | 2% | Trump +2% |
Cygnal | October 3–5, 2023 | 3000 (LV) | 38.8% | 39.6% | – | 12.3% | – | – | – | 9.3% | Trump +0.8% |
Reuters/Ipsos | October 3–4, 2023 | 1005 (A) | 31% | 33% | – | 14% | – | – | 9% | 13% | Trump +2% |
Echelon Insights | September 25–28, 2023 | 1011 (LV) | 36% | 40% | – | 14% | – | – | – | 10% | Trump +4% |
John Zogby Strategies | September 23–24, 2023 | 1008 (LV) | 38% | 38% | – | 19% | – | – | 5% | – | Even |
Mclaughlin & Associates | September 22–26, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 36% | 40% | 4% | – | 6% | – | – | 14% | Trump +4% |
Mclaughlin & Associates | September 22–26, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 38% | 43% | 6% | – | – | – | – | 13% | Trump +5% |
Gravis | September 19–20, 2023 | 1262 (LV) | 40% | 41% | 2% | – | – | – | 4% (Lars Mapstead) |
13% (Other or undecided) |
Trump +1% |
Emerson College | September 17–18, 2023 | 1125 (RV) | 42% | 43% | 4% | – | – | – | – | 11% | Trump +1% |
YouGov | September 7–18, 2023 | 3098 (RV) | 45% | 43% | – | – | 2% | – | 5% [ab] | 5% | Biden +2% |
PRRI | August 25–30, 2023 | 2525 (RV) | 41% | 37% | 5% | – | 10% | – | – | 6% | Biden +4% |
PRRI | August 25–30, 2023 | 2525 (RV) | 38% | 43% | 4% | – | – | – | 10% (Larry Hogan) |
7% | Trump +5% |
Wall Street Journal | August 24–30, 2023 | 1500 (RV) | 39% | 40% | 2% | – | – | – | 1% (Lars Mapstead) |
17% | Trump +1% |
Emerson College | August 25–26, 2023 | 1000 (RV) | 39% | 44% | 4% | – | – | – | – | 13% | Trump +5% |
Mclaughlin & Associates | August 15–23, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 41% | 42% | 6% | – | – | – | – | 11% | Trump +1% |
Mclaughlin & Associates | August 15–23, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 38% | 39% | 5% | – | 7% | – | – | 12% | Trump +1% |
Emerson College | August 16–17, 2023 | 1000 (RV) | 41% | 42% | 5% | – | – | – | – | 13% | Trump +1% |
McLaughlin & Associates | July 19–24, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 38% | 40% | 6% | – | 5% | – | – | 12% | Trump +2% |
McLaughlin & Associates | July 19–24, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 40% | 42% | 5% | – | – | – | – | 13% | Trump +2% |
Reuters/Ipsos | July 11–17, 2023 | 4414 (A) | 31% | 31% | – | 18% | – | – | 9% | 10% | Even |
Echelon Insights | June 26–29, 2023 | 1020 (LV) | 42% | 43% | 4% | – | – | – | – | 11% | Trump +1% |
Emerson College | June 19–20, 2023 | 1015 (RV) | 40% | 41% | 6% | – | – | – | 7% | 6% | Trump +1% |
West declares his candidacy | |||||||||||
Data For Progress | May 25 – June 5, 2023 | 1625 (LV) | 44% | 44% | – | – | – | – | 6% (Larry Hogan) |
7% | Even |
Echelon Insights | May 22–25, 2023 | 1035 (LV) | 41% | 42% | – | – | 9% | – | – | 8% | Trump +1% |
RMG Research | May 22–24, 2023 | 1000 (RV) | 35% | 37% | – | – | 12% | – | 4% | 12% | Trump +2% |
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By the numbers, if I were to run, I would probably increase the chances of Trump winning," he told Playbook. "And so I'm not going to do that.