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Ok, after looking taking some time to think about the subject, and finding (and translating) the full text of the Cardo paper (which had conclusions similar to the Taylor & Williams paper), I decided to rewrite some portions of the evolution section to clarify the findings. Specifically to clarify two aspects mentioned in both papers:
1. The hypothesis that some individual traits associated with ADHD may have been beneficial, but when these traits combine as seen in ADHD, it becomes detrimental, producing "maladaptive spandrels" (the term was mentioned in the Taylor & Williams paper, but it appears that they may have been quoting the term from yet another paper).
2. The hypothesis that society as a whole may benefit from having a small number of individuals engaging in unpredictable or impulsive behavior, even though this behavior may be detrimental to the individuals themselves.
Both of these hypotheses are mentioned in both the Williams & Taylor paper and the Cardo paper. Point #1 had previously lacked the important qualifier regarding the difference between individual traits vs ADHD in terms of advantages and disadvantages (and hopefully the "maladaptive spandrel" term makes the concept clearer), and point #2 had previously been mentioned but failed to distinguish between benefit to society vs detriment to individual, which is a major point of both papers.
I also removed the Hartmann reference completely. It was fringe. The one argument in favor of retaining it was that a lot of people have read the popular book, perhaps. On the other hand, a PubMed search for "ADHD Hunter Gatherer" returned exactly two articles, one was a 20 year old paper on "neuroethics", and the other was a nutritional article that claimed that changes in diet from hunter-gatherer days were the cause of ADHD, autism, and 80% all reproductive hazards. Not exactly a wealth of information to support the hypothesis. Without any published information outside of Hartmann's own book, the hypothesis can probably be considered not only fringe, but also potentially non-notable. The actual papers on the evolution of ADHD made no reference to Hartmann and did not support his hypothesis at all except for containing the words "evolution" and "ADHD".
I have left the fringe tag as it stands only because I do not know for certain that Hartmann was the sole reason for placing the tag. I'm also not sure what to do with the studies mentioned that examined the DRD4 gene: on the one hand, the gene is linked to ADHD by a large number of reputable sources and this link appears to be widely accepted, but on the other hand it is not clear that the studies themselves were looking at ADHD specifically, or how explain more clearly how they fit into the picture. Hyperion35 ( talk) 18:13, 17 July 2012 (UTC)
A new review Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 16:12, 3 August 2012 (UTC)
This section could be worded better.
The bulleted lists of symptoms are a bit awkward, because they don't phrase the symptoms as nouns. For example, currently it says things like:
"Symptoms may include ..." "... Talk nonstop"
It would be better if it was phrased like this:
"Symptoms may include ..." "... Nonstop talking"
Actually, though, the lists of symptoms seem overly specific anyway, referencing things like "seats" and "story time." It might be better if the symptoms were described in more general terms, rather than school-specific ones like these.
Also, in that section, the following sentence is, for lack of a better word, a mess:
"Other symptoms that ADHD include problems for effected people with social skills and ADHD people also tend to have poorer handwriting compared to their peers.[32]"
-- Juggler37 ( talk) 05:23, 21 September 2012 (UTC)
PerfectEdit ( talk) 02:46, 27 September 2012 (UTC) Not to be contrary but ADHD is a neurological condition, which can be comorbid with some psychological/psychiatric conditions. Not all individuals with ADHD have behavioural problems. ADHD individuals have issues with low adrenaline which forces their sympathetic nervous system to kick in, and fill the need, however it's use is only ever meant to be temporary and it's chemical regulation becomes impaired, so those with ADHD may seem to be on the go a lot of the time and the bodies prolonged use of this system can cause adrenal fatigue seen as lethargy. Also some individuals have issues with working memory which can further cause problems especially in the absence of executive functioning skills. It should be noted that ADHD has no bearing on IQ, but a clear impact for some individuals to demonstrate their intellect using common marking tools i.e providing written work, mainly due to issues with time management, lethargy and EF skill application.
http://www.logan.edu/mm/files/LRC/Senior-Research/2009-Aug-02.pdf
Is one simple survey of non-drug treatments summarizing some results. Among them biofeedback, exercise, and DHA levels in diet. Other summaries and research exist as well, obviously.
As well, the view that the disorder is in the methods of adults, and not in the constitution of the people affected, might also be included. The word "focus" is also often used in literature but tends to be undefined. The alternate view suggests that in children, their needs are not being met by reason of the assembly-line regimentation of school, and such phenomena as the failure of caregivers to self-label as "boring," tending to project social mis-match solely as problem of the children. Mydogtrouble ( talk) 14:40, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
Something that has bothered me for a long time is the pure negative tone about ADHD people on this article. There are lots of positive traits to ADHD (and lots of reliable sources to source such facts). This article focuses completely on ADHD being a negative pathology and something of a disease and demonises ADHD people unfairly. I think that there should be a section discussing positive aspects of ADHD. Given that ADD is a controversial topic, where views and opinions differ, I thought I would ask here for people's thoughts first?-- MrADHD | T@1k? 01:43, 12 June 2012 (UTC)
I'm curious why ADHD has completely co-opted ADD in this article and elsewhere. Hyperactivity seems to be the main "problem/concern", but people with ADD don't have that, and tend to have a stunning ability to focus on a single project or whatever for hours at a time. ADD itself doesn't seem to get much press in this article except as a part of ADHD. -- Sgtkabuki ( talk) 01:39, 17 August 2012 (UTC)
ADHS ain't a neurobehavioral disorder. It's caractrerized as "Behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence" in ICD 10. In DSM too. The DSM is about mental disorders. Neurobehavioral disorders are the classification of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. [4] But most shrinks think it's a mental disorder. So the neutrality of this article is not fullfiled. -- WSC ® 16:22, 1 October 2012 (UTC)
adhd "developmental disorder" "systematic review" "mental disorder" cochrane
, filtered "since 2012", finds 9 results using all those terms. One of those, perhaps the most useful is to The Neuroscience of Autism Spectrum Disorders, Joseph D. Buxbaum & Patrick R. Hof (eds). Academic Press, 2012
ISBN
9780123919304
p.70, which discusses the impact of Lovaas (1987) in "shifting many people's perspective from viewing autism as an untreatable mental disorder, to viewing it as a developmental disorder..." (my emphasis). Also valuable is: Krisanaprakornkit T, Ngamjarus C, Witoonchart C, Piyavhatkul N. "Meditation therapies for attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 6. Art. No.: CD006507.
doi:
10.1002/14651858.CD006507.pub2. Its abstract begins "Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common developmental disorders experienced in childhood..." (again, my emphasis).Are there better sources which address the (multiple) terminologies? LeadSongDog come howl! 20:33, 5 October 2012 (UTC)
A few more (more or less recent) MEDRS:
I'm glad we clarified this point. If there are no furhter reasons, I delate the picture now from the article. -- WSC ® 17:46, 6 October 2012 (UTC)
Having posted warnings about attacking the contributor ( WP:NPA) on User:Widescreen's talk page, I will try to address the content issue.
On ethical grounds, use of the image would certainly be improper if it was being used to stigmatize children with ADHD. On the contrary, within the context of this page I think it communicates to readers that in certain cases of individual disruption in the classroom there may be more than meets the eye. Maybe this point could somehow be made more clearly in the caption? — MistyMorn ( talk) 10:54, 7 October 2012 (UTC)
Widescreen removed the picture, Jmh649 put it back in. I will now revert this again for the following reason: the picture is controversial and it is not part of any sourced content. Controversial unsourced material should only be part of an article if there is consensus that this material should be part of the article. Lova Falk talk 11:47, 10 October 2012 (UTC)
::Not a very friendly remark about a subject that one of us really cares about: a picture that s/he feels stigmatizes kids with ADHD spreads a stereotypical an[d] abusive meaning of ADHD-concerned.
Lova Falk
talk 18:44, 10 October 2012 (UTC)
@DocJames: Do you really believe, the Website of CDC
[13] is a reliable source? I've never heard such a far-fetched nonsens! --
WSC
® 17:33, 10 October 2012 (UTC)
For the record I agree the CDC site is an RS. Having said, that, I suggest the image be removed.
I don't see what it adds to how it enhances [see below] the reader's understanding of the subject. People who know what "behave disruptively" means don't need the image, and people who don't know what it means get a cartoonish (figurately as well as literally) idea of it means from the image. I'm not even sure which is supposed to be "is" the ADHD kid. Maybe it's the boy in front who's trying hard to focus on his work (a tough job because of his ADHD) despite the just-plain-rotten (but not ADHD) kid behind him.
EEng (
talk) 22:12, 10 October 2012 (UTC)
One can interpret the image in many ways. For example it might remind people that if a child is being disruptive in class, it might not be that he is simply a "bad kid" but that he may have a psychiatric condition that may benefit from treatment. Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 02:55, 12 October 2012 (UTC)
I think the following phrase should be corrected, since it doesn't make sense as written: "In children and adolescents with ADHD can have their high IQ missed when standard testing is performed". — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rbwilli ( talk • contribs) 22:51, 27 October 2012 (UTC)
The first sentence in this article either has an extraneous "a" after the "is" or is missing a noun after the "is". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 153.106.50.38 ( talk) 20:52, 2 November 2012 (UTC)
First let me emphasize that I'm not questioning the appropriateness of the removal by MrADHD ( talk · contribs) in this edit. If the American Psychiatric Association has asked that it be removed, I would have removed it myself if I had known. Here's my question and some comments. MrADHD commented that APA "asked for its diagnostic codes not be put onto Wikipedia". Does that mean the literal codes (which are 314.00, 314.01, and 314.9) or the words used to describe the diagnostic criteria? I have seen those diagnostic criteria used word for word in several books published by respectable authors and publishers. The words were presented as a quotation, and there was a citation to DSM-IV, but there wasn't a statement that the words were "used by permission". What exactly did APA say in its communication with Wikipedia? Certainly the information should be presented as a quotation with a citation to DSM-IV, but does APA even object to such a quotation? Cresix ( talk) 22:10, 3 November 2012 (UTC)
The causes are very clear, in fact, in a recent 2010 study conducted at Cardiff by respectable scientists with very compelling evidence that the sole cause is genetic. One of the most significant affected genes is on a region of the 16th chromosome previously linked to schizophrenia, and has similar chromosomal changes as autism, copy number variants(CNVs), and other brain disorders. Sources: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100929191312.htm , http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-09/wt-sff092810.php I also read the article about it on the lancet but i lost where it is. 174.26.35.15 ( talk) 01:33, 7 November 2012 (UTC)
thank you for your feed back but im fourteen so therefore i am not a first year med student, and my overstatements, if any, arent gross but slight over steps caused by my feelings about the subject considering i have ADHD-HI and i know from experience with my family medical history that the studies are right. Dont look down at me just because im young, i could have been in college by now but im not "emotionally ready" or "mentally mature enough". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.26.35.15 ( talk) 02:39, 7 November 2012 (UTC)
I am of the opinion that this section can be merged into the pathophysiology section of this article. There is little secondary sourced content about this theory, so having its own section does not appear to be justified especially in a main overview article such as this. The main article low arousal theory contains poor sourcing and could probably also be merged and redirected or the article deleted. Low arousal just seems to be an interpretation of part of the pathophysiology rather than being a prominent defacto theory. Thoughts?-- MrADHD | T@1k? 14:49, 18 November 2012 (UTC)
While it is primarily defined by the DSM and is treated primarily by the field of psychiatry which IMO makes it obvious. However as this continue to be removed here are some additional refs:
Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 06:51, 6 December 2012 (UTC)
It is written under 5. Management: Dietary modifications many also be of benefit.
There are a few instances of the term "predominantly" which have been mispelled "predominately" including the first paragraph in the intro, and two in the fourth paragraph of the section "Diagnosis". For some reason, my account is still not yet confirmed, even though I've been using it a long time, probably because most of the edits I submit are done without logging in. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Purefusion ( talk • contribs) 08:48, 24 December 2012
Have agreed to go through this article and provide some feedback.
Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 01:25, 15 December 2012 (UTC)
From Portal:Current events/2013 February 28 ... In The Lancet, genetics links between five major psychiatric disorders: autism, ADHD, bipolar disorder, depression, and schizophrenia per recent study. [1]
99.109.125.252 ( talk) 01:32, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
Just a minor edit in punctuation. In the Cause section under the subsection Diet, the first sentence "Concerns were first raised by Benjamin Feingold, a paediatric allergist that food colourings and additives may..." ought to have a comma after "allergist". That, or the sentence can be rearranged to say "Concerns were first raised by paediatric allergist Benjamin Feingold, who suggested that food colourings and...". — Preceding unsigned comment added by CetteFoisDemain ( talk • contribs) 21:38, 28 March 2013 (UTC)
Done. Thanks. Cresix ( talk) 14:57, 1 April 2013 (UTC)
No mentions has been made as to the physical symptoms often accompanying ADHD. For example a significant proportion of individuals with ADHD have issues with higher levels of muscular tension. It would be appreciated if someone could add information in this regard.
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Controversies
Main article: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder controversies ADHD and its diagnosis and treatment have been considered controversial since the 1970s.[17][18][158] The controversies have involved clinicians, teachers, policymakers, parents and the media. Opinions regarding ADHD range from not believing it exists at all[16]:p.23[159] to believing there are genetic and physiological bases for the condition as well as disagreement about the use of stimulant medications in treatment.[18][19] Social science perceptions challenge biomedical views on the true cause of ADHD symptoms. Symptoms are viewed by this perspective as a consequence of normalisation; where it has been constructed in culture/society that it is normal to be focused/well behaved/patient etc. and therefore abnormal to act differently. [1] Furthermore, as Ruth Benedict outlined, in most modern cultures normal is associated strongly with being good, whereas abnormality usually carries bad connotations. [2]
Some sociologists consider ADHD to be a "classic example of the medicalization of deviant behavior, defining a previously nonmedical problem as a medical one".[17] Most healthcare providers in U.S. accept that ADHD is a genuine disorder with debate in centering mainly around how it is diagnosed and treated.[20][21][22]Although some may argue that the medicalization of what is constructed as socially detrimental behaviours would alleviate patients of responsibility for their actions, others would insist that it merely permits health professionals to exert influence over the care and management of such individuals. [3] In addition, although disease based subjectivities caused by medicalization may be liberating for some, they can cause negative impacts such as oppression for others. Furthermore, medicalization of ADHD and the consequential biomedical treatment used to relieve symptoms can lead to iatrogenesis and added complications for the individual. [4] Therefore not only do social science perspectives challenge the validity of the ‘disease’ but also highlight the negative social and medical aspects associated with treating the ‘symptoms’.
Possible overdiagnosis of ADHD, the use of stimulant medications in children, and the methods by which ADHD is diagnosed and treated are other main areas of controversy.[160] Possible long-term side-effects of stimulants and their usefulness are largely unknown because of a lack of long-term studies.[161] Some research raises questions about the long-term effectiveness and side-effects of medications used to treat ADHD,[162] with evidence existing that stimulant use during childhood increases the risk of developing symptoms of hallucinations or mania in a small portion of the population, with symptoms resolving when medication is discontinued.[163] With a "wide variation in diagnosis across states, races, and ethnicities" some investigators suspect that factors other than neurological conditions play a role when the diagnosis of ADHD is made.[100]
References
— Preceding unsigned comment added by Grpryor3 ( talk • contribs)
or else fail to respond to psychotherapeutic input.[16]:p.317: There seems to be an error in the citation template since I suppose the p.317 outside the citation is the pages in the citation.-- Garrondo ( talk) 20:01, 5 May 2013 (UTC)
Other comment (this one more important):
The lead ends with The National Institute for Clinical Excellence, while acknowledging the controversy, states that the current treatments and methods of diagnosis are based on the dominant view of the academic literature.
I have several problems with this specific sentence:
Proposed solution: Leave in lead a summarized sentence, sort of "Current treatments and methods of diagnosis are based on the dominant view of the academic literature" (with the citation) and in the body of the article leave the whole sentence with the link to the institution and a mention of the United Kingdom.
Opinions?-- Garrondo ( talk) 07:01, 6 May 2013 (UTC)
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1a. the prose is clear, concise, and understandable to an appropriately broad audience; spelling and grammar are correct. | ||
1b. it complies with the Manual of Style guidelines for lead sections, layout, words to watch, fiction, and list incorporation. | ||
2. Verifiable with no original research: | ||
2a. it contains a list of all references (sources of information), presented in accordance with the layout style guideline. | ||
2b. reliable sources are cited inline. All content that could reasonably be challenged, except for plot summaries and that which summarizes cited content elsewhere in the article, must be cited no later than the end of the paragraph (or line if the content is not in prose). | ||
2c. it contains no original research. | ||
3. Broad in its coverage: | ||
3a. it addresses the main aspects of the topic. | ||
3b. it stays focused on the topic without going into unnecessary detail (see summary style). | ||
4. Neutral: it represents viewpoints fairly and without editorial bias, giving due weight to each. | ||
5. Stable: it does not change significantly from day to day because of an ongoing edit war or content dispute. | ||
6. Illustrated, if possible, by media such as images, video, or audio: | ||
6a. media are tagged with their copyright statuses, and valid non-free use rationales are provided for non-free content. | ||
6b. media are relevant to the topic, and have suitable captions. | ||
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In this table:
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According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), symptoms emerge before seven years of age.- are there other noteworthy "official" diagnoses other than the DSM? If not, this sort of attribution is probably not necessary. To more closely reflect the source, consider "A diagnosis requires that significant symptoms appear before age 7."
and is diagnosed in about 2 to 16 percent of school-aged children.- does this need to be localized to the USA?
There are three subtypes of the disorder which consist of it being predominantly inattentive (ADHD-PI or ADHD-I), predominantly hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-HI or ADHD-H), or the two combined (ADHD-C), which shows all three difficulties.- consider: There are three subtypes of the disorder: predominantly inattentive (ADHD-PI or ADHD-I), predominantly hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-HI or ADHD-H), or the two combined (ADHD-C), which shows all three difficulties.
ADHD impacts school-aged children- the use of impacts as a verb isn't standard English usage, consider "ADHD affects school-aged children"
Predominantly inattentive type symptoms as listed by the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health may include:[21]- agreement problem with the following bullet items, which are all introduced with present-tense verbs; consider changing to "According to the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health, an individual with inattentive-type symptoms may:"
Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type symptoms may includeand
and also these manifestations primarily of impulsivity
Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, which occur with ADHD at a rate of 50 percent and 20 percent respectively,- should say 'approximately'
Inattention and hyperactive behavior are not necessarily the only problems in children with ADHD. ADHD exists alone in only about 1/3 of the children diagnosed with it.[citation needed] The combination of ADHD with other conditions can greatly complicate diagnosis and treatment. Many co-existing (comorbid) conditions require other courses of treatment and should be diagnosed separately instead of being grouped in the ADHD diagnosis.[citation needed]- need sources
Anxiety disorders, have been found to occur more commonly in the ADHD population.- comma unneeded
serious substance misuse problems should be treated first due to the serious risks and impairments that occur,[10]:p.38[32] with long-term alcohol misuse and long-term cannabis misuse and other drug misuse.- needs to be reworded per WP:MEDMOS to avoid sounding prescriptive (the part stating "X should be treated first"), reword to something like "those treated for X first have better outcomes or prognosis"
Restless legs syndrome, is associated with ADHD and is often due to iron deficiency anaemia.- consider "Restless legs syndrome. This is associated with ADHD and is often due to iron deficiency anaemia."
Sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, can cause neurocognitive and behavioural symptoms- needs same fix as restless legs
Anxiety and depression are some of the disorders that can accompany ADHD. Academic studies, and research in private practice suggest that depression in ADHD appears to be increasingly prevalent in children as they get older, with a higher rate of increase in girls than in boys, and to vary in prevalence with the subtype of ADHD.- unsourced
Hyperactivity also seems to be primarily a genetic condition; however, other causes have been identified.[46]- Sourced to Barkley's on-line course. On further reflection, this on-line course does not really meet WP:MEDRS and so a better source needs to be found. Can this be sourced to PMID 22105624?
however, "EF weaknesses are neither necessary nor sufficient to cause all cases of ADHD".[50]- need to mention who you're quoting here, like
as Willcutt et al. explain, "EF weaknesses are neither necessary nor sufficient to cause all cases of ADHD".[50]
At more than 1 percent of the population, researchers have proposed- this says that researchers make up more than 1 percent of the population, consider "Researchers have proposed that the high prevalence of ADHD - more than 1 percent of the population - may be due..."
Consistent with this, another group of researchers observed that the health status of nomadic Ariaal men was higher if they had the ADHD associated genetic variant (7R alleles). However in recently sedentary (non-nomadic) Ariaal those with 7R alleles seemed to have slightly worse health.[58]- this is all based on an orphaned primary source, can you provide a secondary source to show that WP:DUEWEIGHT is satisfied?
Exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy impairs normal development of the feotus including the central nervous system and can increase the risk of the child being diagnosed with ADHD- needs commas
Children exposed to lead, even relatively low levels of lead- consider "Children exposed to even relatively low levels of lead"
however, the evidence is not definitive as 5 of 17 studies failed to find an association.[65]- generally, avoid talking about the underlying studies, just summarize the quality of the evidence
Other researchers believe that relationships with caregivers have a profound effect on attentional and self-regulatory abilities. A study of foster children found that a high number of them had symptoms closely resembling ADHD.[73]- sourcing is insufficient, it's primary, from 2002, I can't find any relevant specialized academic credentials for the lead author Finkelstein, and the paper is the non-peer-reviewed product of an advocacy organization. This content needs to be removed or attributed to a better source.
ADHD is diagnosed three to four times more commonly in boys than in girls- consider "more often"
Factors other than those within the DSM or ICD, however, have been found to affect the diagnosis in clinical practice. For example, a study found that the youngest children in a class are much more likely to be diagnosed as having ADHD compared to their older counterparts in the same year. This is because these children may behave more hyperactively, not because they have ADHD, but because they are younger and developmentally behind their classmates. It is estimated that about 20 percent of children given a diagnosis of ADHD are misdiagnosed because of the month they were born.[85]- a lot of emphasis is being given here to an individual primary study, it seems WP:UNDUE, please trim back or find secondary source to support.
The previously-used term ADD expired with the most recent revision of the DSM- which is the most recent version referred to here, IV or V? Which was the last one ADD was used in?
Additionally other neurodevelopmental disorders), as well as tics- extra parenthesis?
Symptoms of ADHD such as low mood and poor self-image, mood swings, and irritability can be confused with dysthymia, cyclothymia or bipolar disorder as well as with borderline personality disorder,[1]- should prob. end with period not comma
It is recommended first line in- the recommended first line treatment?
and outdoor activities.[102]- this is the only treatment listed here that is sourced to a primary source, and it's out of date. Are there up-to-date secondary sources that cover outdoor/"green" treatment?
In the United States, 37 percent of those with ADHD do not get a high school diploma even though many of them will receive special education services.[46]- Sourced to Barkley, which isn't sufficient. Can you find the underlying source Barkley uses to source this statement? Otherwise the statement can probably just be removed
or that females with ADHD are less likely to be diagnosed than males- why?
Amphetamines (Benzedrine) was the first medication approved for use in the United States with methyphenidate introduced in the 1950s and dextroamphetamine (Dexadrine) in the 1970s.- a few errors here, consider "In the 1930s, the amphetamine mixture Benzedrine was the first medication approved for use in the United States. Methylphenidate was introduced in the 1950s, and dextroamphetamine (Dexadrine) in the 1970s."
A number of notable individuals have given controversial opinions on ADHD. Scientologist Tom Cruise has referred to the ADHD medications Ritalin and Adderall as being "street drugs" - this viewpoint (as well as his other viewpoints on psychiatry) has received criticism - for example the doses of stimulants used in the treatment of ADHD do not cause behavioural addiction and there is some evidence of a reduced risk of later substance addiction in children who had their ADHD treated with stimulants.[133]- please break up run-on sentence, and as the response is also published as an opinion it needs to be attributed to the author Neill
Scientologist,
Baroness ... a leading neuroscientist- should remove these qualifiers, they are editorializing, if readers want backgrounds on these individuals they can click on the Wikilinks
In England Baroness Susan Greenfield, a leading neuroscientist, spoke out publicly in 2007 in the House of Lords about the need for a wide-ranging inquiry into the dramatic increase in the diagnosis of ADHD in the UK and possible causes following a BBC Panorama programme that highlighted US research (The Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD by the University of Buffalo) suggesting drugs are no better than other forms of therapy for ADHD in the long term.[134]- please break up run-on sentence
With a "wide variation in diagnosis across states, races, and ethnicities" some investigators suspect that factors other than neurological conditions play a role when the diagnosis of ADHD is made.[85]- if you have a quote like this you have to attribute it in the content, state who is saying it
Some ADHD symptoms in adults differ from those seen in children — for example whereas children with ADHD may climb and run about excessively, adults may experience an inability to relax and talk excessively in social situations.- consider "Some ADHD symptoms in adults differ from those seen in children. For example, while children with ADHD may climb and run about excessively, adults may experience an inability to relax, and talk excessively in social situations."
Adults with ADHD may start relationships impulsively and may display sensation seeking behaviour and be short-tempered.- consider "Adults with ADHD may start relationships impulsively, display sensation-seeking behaviour, and be short-tempered."
When compared with children without ADHD evidence supports- consider: "When children with ADHD are compared to compared without, evidence supports..."
Additionally, more than half of high IQ ADHD people- consider: "Additionally, more than half of people with high IQ and ADHD..."
Zad
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02:27, 30 July 2013 (UTC)
As I am not sure on how to contribute the review I will make comments here (at least for now).
There are two sources from Rev Neurol, an Spanish neurological journal. The journal is quite good in itself, and has quite some articles regarding neuropediatrics (I am Spanish and take a look at it every month). However maybe similar sources can be found in English in a better journal.
More importantly, the title of the article pmid20200842 from this journal is uncorrectly translated (with grammatical errors). Original title in the journal is Trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad: ¿un patrón evolutivo? and should be changed.
Additionally the other article from rev neurol is included with the title in English (as it appear in pubmed) while the one above is given in Spanish. It would be great if same format was used.
I have checked content based in the two sources and it is OK. -- Garrondo ( talk) 20:34, 7 May 2013 (UTC)
-- Garrondo ( talk) 20:45, 7 May 2013 (UTC)
-- Garrondo ( talk) 07:28, 10 May 2013 (UTC)
-- Garrondo ( talk) 17:23, 10 May 2013 (UTC)
-- Garrondo ( talk) 20:34, 10 May 2013 (UTC)
The lead image needs checking. It appears to be listed CC BY NC here [18] but maybe they gave release. Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 04:57, 10 May 2013 (UTC)
We lost "ADHD's is estimated to affect about 3 to 5 percent of people under the age of 19. There is, however, both geographical and local variability among studies. Children in North America appear to have a higher rate of ADHD than children in Africa and the Middle East. [1]" This was specifically a global look and I am not sure the new stats are. Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 10:33, 19 May 2013 (UTC)
ADHD symptoms which are related to other disorders [2] | |||
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Depression | Anxiety disorder | Bipolar disorder | |
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Cut from body of article:
Who says it's best? The journal article authors themselves? Psychiatrists generally?
I tried reading the article online, but I couldn't find the part which says that it is usually best to treat the mood disorder first. Perhaps the contributor who added this bit could insert a quotation from the article. -- Uncle Ed ( talk) 16:16, 19 May 2013 (UTC)
IMO this table would be best as prose. Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 15:49, 22 May 2013 (UTC)
Please have a look at PMID 23360949 and editorial comment at PMID 23450282. It would appear to be a useful source. LeadSongDog come howl! 14:39, 10 June 2013 (UTC)
I don't believe that File:Adhd-facts1.jpg, which heads up the "Signs and symptoms" section of the article, is doing any good. It doesn't do anything to illustrate the article as is. What it does do is portray a stereotype of ADHD-influenced behavior. While this image might be good in a section about common misperceptions of ADHD, it's inappropriate to have it where it is. Cymru.lass in America ( talk) 23:35, 10 June 2013 (UTC)
Zad
68
02:31, 11 June 2013 (UTC)
Xrcal posted this comment on 1 March 2013 ( view all feedback).
In February 28, 2013 The Lancet published an article about the possible genetic correlation between autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia. They analyzed genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for the five disorders in 33 332 cases and 27 888 controls of European ancestory. The lead researcher was Dr. Jordan Smoller, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School in Boston. Smoller's group found four gene areas that all overlapped with the five disorders, two of which regulate calcium balance in the brain. <ref> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2812%2962129-1/fulltext</ref>
Thought I'd move it on over to the talkpage and see what people more knowledgeable than I have to say. Any thoughts? — Preceding signed comment added by Cymru.lass ( talk • contribs) 01:17, 11 June 2013 (UTC)
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This is an archive of past discussions. Do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the current talk page. |
Archive 15 | ← | Archive 20 | Archive 21 | Archive 22 | Archive 23 | Archive 24 | Archive 25 |
Ok, after looking taking some time to think about the subject, and finding (and translating) the full text of the Cardo paper (which had conclusions similar to the Taylor & Williams paper), I decided to rewrite some portions of the evolution section to clarify the findings. Specifically to clarify two aspects mentioned in both papers:
1. The hypothesis that some individual traits associated with ADHD may have been beneficial, but when these traits combine as seen in ADHD, it becomes detrimental, producing "maladaptive spandrels" (the term was mentioned in the Taylor & Williams paper, but it appears that they may have been quoting the term from yet another paper).
2. The hypothesis that society as a whole may benefit from having a small number of individuals engaging in unpredictable or impulsive behavior, even though this behavior may be detrimental to the individuals themselves.
Both of these hypotheses are mentioned in both the Williams & Taylor paper and the Cardo paper. Point #1 had previously lacked the important qualifier regarding the difference between individual traits vs ADHD in terms of advantages and disadvantages (and hopefully the "maladaptive spandrel" term makes the concept clearer), and point #2 had previously been mentioned but failed to distinguish between benefit to society vs detriment to individual, which is a major point of both papers.
I also removed the Hartmann reference completely. It was fringe. The one argument in favor of retaining it was that a lot of people have read the popular book, perhaps. On the other hand, a PubMed search for "ADHD Hunter Gatherer" returned exactly two articles, one was a 20 year old paper on "neuroethics", and the other was a nutritional article that claimed that changes in diet from hunter-gatherer days were the cause of ADHD, autism, and 80% all reproductive hazards. Not exactly a wealth of information to support the hypothesis. Without any published information outside of Hartmann's own book, the hypothesis can probably be considered not only fringe, but also potentially non-notable. The actual papers on the evolution of ADHD made no reference to Hartmann and did not support his hypothesis at all except for containing the words "evolution" and "ADHD".
I have left the fringe tag as it stands only because I do not know for certain that Hartmann was the sole reason for placing the tag. I'm also not sure what to do with the studies mentioned that examined the DRD4 gene: on the one hand, the gene is linked to ADHD by a large number of reputable sources and this link appears to be widely accepted, but on the other hand it is not clear that the studies themselves were looking at ADHD specifically, or how explain more clearly how they fit into the picture. Hyperion35 ( talk) 18:13, 17 July 2012 (UTC)
A new review Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 16:12, 3 August 2012 (UTC)
This section could be worded better.
The bulleted lists of symptoms are a bit awkward, because they don't phrase the symptoms as nouns. For example, currently it says things like:
"Symptoms may include ..." "... Talk nonstop"
It would be better if it was phrased like this:
"Symptoms may include ..." "... Nonstop talking"
Actually, though, the lists of symptoms seem overly specific anyway, referencing things like "seats" and "story time." It might be better if the symptoms were described in more general terms, rather than school-specific ones like these.
Also, in that section, the following sentence is, for lack of a better word, a mess:
"Other symptoms that ADHD include problems for effected people with social skills and ADHD people also tend to have poorer handwriting compared to their peers.[32]"
-- Juggler37 ( talk) 05:23, 21 September 2012 (UTC)
PerfectEdit ( talk) 02:46, 27 September 2012 (UTC) Not to be contrary but ADHD is a neurological condition, which can be comorbid with some psychological/psychiatric conditions. Not all individuals with ADHD have behavioural problems. ADHD individuals have issues with low adrenaline which forces their sympathetic nervous system to kick in, and fill the need, however it's use is only ever meant to be temporary and it's chemical regulation becomes impaired, so those with ADHD may seem to be on the go a lot of the time and the bodies prolonged use of this system can cause adrenal fatigue seen as lethargy. Also some individuals have issues with working memory which can further cause problems especially in the absence of executive functioning skills. It should be noted that ADHD has no bearing on IQ, but a clear impact for some individuals to demonstrate their intellect using common marking tools i.e providing written work, mainly due to issues with time management, lethargy and EF skill application.
http://www.logan.edu/mm/files/LRC/Senior-Research/2009-Aug-02.pdf
Is one simple survey of non-drug treatments summarizing some results. Among them biofeedback, exercise, and DHA levels in diet. Other summaries and research exist as well, obviously.
As well, the view that the disorder is in the methods of adults, and not in the constitution of the people affected, might also be included. The word "focus" is also often used in literature but tends to be undefined. The alternate view suggests that in children, their needs are not being met by reason of the assembly-line regimentation of school, and such phenomena as the failure of caregivers to self-label as "boring," tending to project social mis-match solely as problem of the children. Mydogtrouble ( talk) 14:40, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
Something that has bothered me for a long time is the pure negative tone about ADHD people on this article. There are lots of positive traits to ADHD (and lots of reliable sources to source such facts). This article focuses completely on ADHD being a negative pathology and something of a disease and demonises ADHD people unfairly. I think that there should be a section discussing positive aspects of ADHD. Given that ADD is a controversial topic, where views and opinions differ, I thought I would ask here for people's thoughts first?-- MrADHD | T@1k? 01:43, 12 June 2012 (UTC)
I'm curious why ADHD has completely co-opted ADD in this article and elsewhere. Hyperactivity seems to be the main "problem/concern", but people with ADD don't have that, and tend to have a stunning ability to focus on a single project or whatever for hours at a time. ADD itself doesn't seem to get much press in this article except as a part of ADHD. -- Sgtkabuki ( talk) 01:39, 17 August 2012 (UTC)
ADHS ain't a neurobehavioral disorder. It's caractrerized as "Behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence" in ICD 10. In DSM too. The DSM is about mental disorders. Neurobehavioral disorders are the classification of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. [4] But most shrinks think it's a mental disorder. So the neutrality of this article is not fullfiled. -- WSC ® 16:22, 1 October 2012 (UTC)
adhd "developmental disorder" "systematic review" "mental disorder" cochrane
, filtered "since 2012", finds 9 results using all those terms. One of those, perhaps the most useful is to The Neuroscience of Autism Spectrum Disorders, Joseph D. Buxbaum & Patrick R. Hof (eds). Academic Press, 2012
ISBN
9780123919304
p.70, which discusses the impact of Lovaas (1987) in "shifting many people's perspective from viewing autism as an untreatable mental disorder, to viewing it as a developmental disorder..." (my emphasis). Also valuable is: Krisanaprakornkit T, Ngamjarus C, Witoonchart C, Piyavhatkul N. "Meditation therapies for attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 6. Art. No.: CD006507.
doi:
10.1002/14651858.CD006507.pub2. Its abstract begins "Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common developmental disorders experienced in childhood..." (again, my emphasis).Are there better sources which address the (multiple) terminologies? LeadSongDog come howl! 20:33, 5 October 2012 (UTC)
A few more (more or less recent) MEDRS:
I'm glad we clarified this point. If there are no furhter reasons, I delate the picture now from the article. -- WSC ® 17:46, 6 October 2012 (UTC)
Having posted warnings about attacking the contributor ( WP:NPA) on User:Widescreen's talk page, I will try to address the content issue.
On ethical grounds, use of the image would certainly be improper if it was being used to stigmatize children with ADHD. On the contrary, within the context of this page I think it communicates to readers that in certain cases of individual disruption in the classroom there may be more than meets the eye. Maybe this point could somehow be made more clearly in the caption? — MistyMorn ( talk) 10:54, 7 October 2012 (UTC)
Widescreen removed the picture, Jmh649 put it back in. I will now revert this again for the following reason: the picture is controversial and it is not part of any sourced content. Controversial unsourced material should only be part of an article if there is consensus that this material should be part of the article. Lova Falk talk 11:47, 10 October 2012 (UTC)
::Not a very friendly remark about a subject that one of us really cares about: a picture that s/he feels stigmatizes kids with ADHD spreads a stereotypical an[d] abusive meaning of ADHD-concerned.
Lova Falk
talk 18:44, 10 October 2012 (UTC)
@DocJames: Do you really believe, the Website of CDC
[13] is a reliable source? I've never heard such a far-fetched nonsens! --
WSC
® 17:33, 10 October 2012 (UTC)
For the record I agree the CDC site is an RS. Having said, that, I suggest the image be removed.
I don't see what it adds to how it enhances [see below] the reader's understanding of the subject. People who know what "behave disruptively" means don't need the image, and people who don't know what it means get a cartoonish (figurately as well as literally) idea of it means from the image. I'm not even sure which is supposed to be "is" the ADHD kid. Maybe it's the boy in front who's trying hard to focus on his work (a tough job because of his ADHD) despite the just-plain-rotten (but not ADHD) kid behind him.
EEng (
talk) 22:12, 10 October 2012 (UTC)
One can interpret the image in many ways. For example it might remind people that if a child is being disruptive in class, it might not be that he is simply a "bad kid" but that he may have a psychiatric condition that may benefit from treatment. Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 02:55, 12 October 2012 (UTC)
I think the following phrase should be corrected, since it doesn't make sense as written: "In children and adolescents with ADHD can have their high IQ missed when standard testing is performed". — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rbwilli ( talk • contribs) 22:51, 27 October 2012 (UTC)
The first sentence in this article either has an extraneous "a" after the "is" or is missing a noun after the "is". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 153.106.50.38 ( talk) 20:52, 2 November 2012 (UTC)
First let me emphasize that I'm not questioning the appropriateness of the removal by MrADHD ( talk · contribs) in this edit. If the American Psychiatric Association has asked that it be removed, I would have removed it myself if I had known. Here's my question and some comments. MrADHD commented that APA "asked for its diagnostic codes not be put onto Wikipedia". Does that mean the literal codes (which are 314.00, 314.01, and 314.9) or the words used to describe the diagnostic criteria? I have seen those diagnostic criteria used word for word in several books published by respectable authors and publishers. The words were presented as a quotation, and there was a citation to DSM-IV, but there wasn't a statement that the words were "used by permission". What exactly did APA say in its communication with Wikipedia? Certainly the information should be presented as a quotation with a citation to DSM-IV, but does APA even object to such a quotation? Cresix ( talk) 22:10, 3 November 2012 (UTC)
The causes are very clear, in fact, in a recent 2010 study conducted at Cardiff by respectable scientists with very compelling evidence that the sole cause is genetic. One of the most significant affected genes is on a region of the 16th chromosome previously linked to schizophrenia, and has similar chromosomal changes as autism, copy number variants(CNVs), and other brain disorders. Sources: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100929191312.htm , http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-09/wt-sff092810.php I also read the article about it on the lancet but i lost where it is. 174.26.35.15 ( talk) 01:33, 7 November 2012 (UTC)
thank you for your feed back but im fourteen so therefore i am not a first year med student, and my overstatements, if any, arent gross but slight over steps caused by my feelings about the subject considering i have ADHD-HI and i know from experience with my family medical history that the studies are right. Dont look down at me just because im young, i could have been in college by now but im not "emotionally ready" or "mentally mature enough". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.26.35.15 ( talk) 02:39, 7 November 2012 (UTC)
I am of the opinion that this section can be merged into the pathophysiology section of this article. There is little secondary sourced content about this theory, so having its own section does not appear to be justified especially in a main overview article such as this. The main article low arousal theory contains poor sourcing and could probably also be merged and redirected or the article deleted. Low arousal just seems to be an interpretation of part of the pathophysiology rather than being a prominent defacto theory. Thoughts?-- MrADHD | T@1k? 14:49, 18 November 2012 (UTC)
While it is primarily defined by the DSM and is treated primarily by the field of psychiatry which IMO makes it obvious. However as this continue to be removed here are some additional refs:
Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 06:51, 6 December 2012 (UTC)
It is written under 5. Management: Dietary modifications many also be of benefit.
There are a few instances of the term "predominantly" which have been mispelled "predominately" including the first paragraph in the intro, and two in the fourth paragraph of the section "Diagnosis". For some reason, my account is still not yet confirmed, even though I've been using it a long time, probably because most of the edits I submit are done without logging in. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Purefusion ( talk • contribs) 08:48, 24 December 2012
Have agreed to go through this article and provide some feedback.
Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 01:25, 15 December 2012 (UTC)
From Portal:Current events/2013 February 28 ... In The Lancet, genetics links between five major psychiatric disorders: autism, ADHD, bipolar disorder, depression, and schizophrenia per recent study. [1]
99.109.125.252 ( talk) 01:32, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
Just a minor edit in punctuation. In the Cause section under the subsection Diet, the first sentence "Concerns were first raised by Benjamin Feingold, a paediatric allergist that food colourings and additives may..." ought to have a comma after "allergist". That, or the sentence can be rearranged to say "Concerns were first raised by paediatric allergist Benjamin Feingold, who suggested that food colourings and...". — Preceding unsigned comment added by CetteFoisDemain ( talk • contribs) 21:38, 28 March 2013 (UTC)
Done. Thanks. Cresix ( talk) 14:57, 1 April 2013 (UTC)
No mentions has been made as to the physical symptoms often accompanying ADHD. For example a significant proportion of individuals with ADHD have issues with higher levels of muscular tension. It would be appreciated if someone could add information in this regard.
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Controversies
Main article: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder controversies ADHD and its diagnosis and treatment have been considered controversial since the 1970s.[17][18][158] The controversies have involved clinicians, teachers, policymakers, parents and the media. Opinions regarding ADHD range from not believing it exists at all[16]:p.23[159] to believing there are genetic and physiological bases for the condition as well as disagreement about the use of stimulant medications in treatment.[18][19] Social science perceptions challenge biomedical views on the true cause of ADHD symptoms. Symptoms are viewed by this perspective as a consequence of normalisation; where it has been constructed in culture/society that it is normal to be focused/well behaved/patient etc. and therefore abnormal to act differently. [1] Furthermore, as Ruth Benedict outlined, in most modern cultures normal is associated strongly with being good, whereas abnormality usually carries bad connotations. [2]
Some sociologists consider ADHD to be a "classic example of the medicalization of deviant behavior, defining a previously nonmedical problem as a medical one".[17] Most healthcare providers in U.S. accept that ADHD is a genuine disorder with debate in centering mainly around how it is diagnosed and treated.[20][21][22]Although some may argue that the medicalization of what is constructed as socially detrimental behaviours would alleviate patients of responsibility for their actions, others would insist that it merely permits health professionals to exert influence over the care and management of such individuals. [3] In addition, although disease based subjectivities caused by medicalization may be liberating for some, they can cause negative impacts such as oppression for others. Furthermore, medicalization of ADHD and the consequential biomedical treatment used to relieve symptoms can lead to iatrogenesis and added complications for the individual. [4] Therefore not only do social science perspectives challenge the validity of the ‘disease’ but also highlight the negative social and medical aspects associated with treating the ‘symptoms’.
Possible overdiagnosis of ADHD, the use of stimulant medications in children, and the methods by which ADHD is diagnosed and treated are other main areas of controversy.[160] Possible long-term side-effects of stimulants and their usefulness are largely unknown because of a lack of long-term studies.[161] Some research raises questions about the long-term effectiveness and side-effects of medications used to treat ADHD,[162] with evidence existing that stimulant use during childhood increases the risk of developing symptoms of hallucinations or mania in a small portion of the population, with symptoms resolving when medication is discontinued.[163] With a "wide variation in diagnosis across states, races, and ethnicities" some investigators suspect that factors other than neurological conditions play a role when the diagnosis of ADHD is made.[100]
References
— Preceding unsigned comment added by Grpryor3 ( talk • contribs)
or else fail to respond to psychotherapeutic input.[16]:p.317: There seems to be an error in the citation template since I suppose the p.317 outside the citation is the pages in the citation.-- Garrondo ( talk) 20:01, 5 May 2013 (UTC)
Other comment (this one more important):
The lead ends with The National Institute for Clinical Excellence, while acknowledging the controversy, states that the current treatments and methods of diagnosis are based on the dominant view of the academic literature.
I have several problems with this specific sentence:
Proposed solution: Leave in lead a summarized sentence, sort of "Current treatments and methods of diagnosis are based on the dominant view of the academic literature" (with the citation) and in the body of the article leave the whole sentence with the link to the institution and a mention of the United Kingdom.
Opinions?-- Garrondo ( talk) 07:01, 6 May 2013 (UTC)
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Reviewer: Zad68 ( talk · contribs) 01:55, 7 May 2013 (UTC)
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1. Well-written: | ||
1a. the prose is clear, concise, and understandable to an appropriately broad audience; spelling and grammar are correct. | ||
1b. it complies with the Manual of Style guidelines for lead sections, layout, words to watch, fiction, and list incorporation. | ||
2. Verifiable with no original research: | ||
2a. it contains a list of all references (sources of information), presented in accordance with the layout style guideline. | ||
2b. reliable sources are cited inline. All content that could reasonably be challenged, except for plot summaries and that which summarizes cited content elsewhere in the article, must be cited no later than the end of the paragraph (or line if the content is not in prose). | ||
2c. it contains no original research. | ||
3. Broad in its coverage: | ||
3a. it addresses the main aspects of the topic. | ||
3b. it stays focused on the topic without going into unnecessary detail (see summary style). | ||
4. Neutral: it represents viewpoints fairly and without editorial bias, giving due weight to each. | ||
5. Stable: it does not change significantly from day to day because of an ongoing edit war or content dispute. | ||
6. Illustrated, if possible, by media such as images, video, or audio: | ||
6a. media are tagged with their copyright statuses, and valid non-free use rationales are provided for non-free content. | ||
6b. media are relevant to the topic, and have suitable captions. | ||
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In this table:
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According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), symptoms emerge before seven years of age.- are there other noteworthy "official" diagnoses other than the DSM? If not, this sort of attribution is probably not necessary. To more closely reflect the source, consider "A diagnosis requires that significant symptoms appear before age 7."
and is diagnosed in about 2 to 16 percent of school-aged children.- does this need to be localized to the USA?
There are three subtypes of the disorder which consist of it being predominantly inattentive (ADHD-PI or ADHD-I), predominantly hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-HI or ADHD-H), or the two combined (ADHD-C), which shows all three difficulties.- consider: There are three subtypes of the disorder: predominantly inattentive (ADHD-PI or ADHD-I), predominantly hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-HI or ADHD-H), or the two combined (ADHD-C), which shows all three difficulties.
ADHD impacts school-aged children- the use of impacts as a verb isn't standard English usage, consider "ADHD affects school-aged children"
Predominantly inattentive type symptoms as listed by the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health may include:[21]- agreement problem with the following bullet items, which are all introduced with present-tense verbs; consider changing to "According to the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health, an individual with inattentive-type symptoms may:"
Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type symptoms may includeand
and also these manifestations primarily of impulsivity
Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, which occur with ADHD at a rate of 50 percent and 20 percent respectively,- should say 'approximately'
Inattention and hyperactive behavior are not necessarily the only problems in children with ADHD. ADHD exists alone in only about 1/3 of the children diagnosed with it.[citation needed] The combination of ADHD with other conditions can greatly complicate diagnosis and treatment. Many co-existing (comorbid) conditions require other courses of treatment and should be diagnosed separately instead of being grouped in the ADHD diagnosis.[citation needed]- need sources
Anxiety disorders, have been found to occur more commonly in the ADHD population.- comma unneeded
serious substance misuse problems should be treated first due to the serious risks and impairments that occur,[10]:p.38[32] with long-term alcohol misuse and long-term cannabis misuse and other drug misuse.- needs to be reworded per WP:MEDMOS to avoid sounding prescriptive (the part stating "X should be treated first"), reword to something like "those treated for X first have better outcomes or prognosis"
Restless legs syndrome, is associated with ADHD and is often due to iron deficiency anaemia.- consider "Restless legs syndrome. This is associated with ADHD and is often due to iron deficiency anaemia."
Sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, can cause neurocognitive and behavioural symptoms- needs same fix as restless legs
Anxiety and depression are some of the disorders that can accompany ADHD. Academic studies, and research in private practice suggest that depression in ADHD appears to be increasingly prevalent in children as they get older, with a higher rate of increase in girls than in boys, and to vary in prevalence with the subtype of ADHD.- unsourced
Hyperactivity also seems to be primarily a genetic condition; however, other causes have been identified.[46]- Sourced to Barkley's on-line course. On further reflection, this on-line course does not really meet WP:MEDRS and so a better source needs to be found. Can this be sourced to PMID 22105624?
however, "EF weaknesses are neither necessary nor sufficient to cause all cases of ADHD".[50]- need to mention who you're quoting here, like
as Willcutt et al. explain, "EF weaknesses are neither necessary nor sufficient to cause all cases of ADHD".[50]
At more than 1 percent of the population, researchers have proposed- this says that researchers make up more than 1 percent of the population, consider "Researchers have proposed that the high prevalence of ADHD - more than 1 percent of the population - may be due..."
Consistent with this, another group of researchers observed that the health status of nomadic Ariaal men was higher if they had the ADHD associated genetic variant (7R alleles). However in recently sedentary (non-nomadic) Ariaal those with 7R alleles seemed to have slightly worse health.[58]- this is all based on an orphaned primary source, can you provide a secondary source to show that WP:DUEWEIGHT is satisfied?
Exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy impairs normal development of the feotus including the central nervous system and can increase the risk of the child being diagnosed with ADHD- needs commas
Children exposed to lead, even relatively low levels of lead- consider "Children exposed to even relatively low levels of lead"
however, the evidence is not definitive as 5 of 17 studies failed to find an association.[65]- generally, avoid talking about the underlying studies, just summarize the quality of the evidence
Other researchers believe that relationships with caregivers have a profound effect on attentional and self-regulatory abilities. A study of foster children found that a high number of them had symptoms closely resembling ADHD.[73]- sourcing is insufficient, it's primary, from 2002, I can't find any relevant specialized academic credentials for the lead author Finkelstein, and the paper is the non-peer-reviewed product of an advocacy organization. This content needs to be removed or attributed to a better source.
ADHD is diagnosed three to four times more commonly in boys than in girls- consider "more often"
Factors other than those within the DSM or ICD, however, have been found to affect the diagnosis in clinical practice. For example, a study found that the youngest children in a class are much more likely to be diagnosed as having ADHD compared to their older counterparts in the same year. This is because these children may behave more hyperactively, not because they have ADHD, but because they are younger and developmentally behind their classmates. It is estimated that about 20 percent of children given a diagnosis of ADHD are misdiagnosed because of the month they were born.[85]- a lot of emphasis is being given here to an individual primary study, it seems WP:UNDUE, please trim back or find secondary source to support.
The previously-used term ADD expired with the most recent revision of the DSM- which is the most recent version referred to here, IV or V? Which was the last one ADD was used in?
Additionally other neurodevelopmental disorders), as well as tics- extra parenthesis?
Symptoms of ADHD such as low mood and poor self-image, mood swings, and irritability can be confused with dysthymia, cyclothymia or bipolar disorder as well as with borderline personality disorder,[1]- should prob. end with period not comma
It is recommended first line in- the recommended first line treatment?
and outdoor activities.[102]- this is the only treatment listed here that is sourced to a primary source, and it's out of date. Are there up-to-date secondary sources that cover outdoor/"green" treatment?
In the United States, 37 percent of those with ADHD do not get a high school diploma even though many of them will receive special education services.[46]- Sourced to Barkley, which isn't sufficient. Can you find the underlying source Barkley uses to source this statement? Otherwise the statement can probably just be removed
or that females with ADHD are less likely to be diagnosed than males- why?
Amphetamines (Benzedrine) was the first medication approved for use in the United States with methyphenidate introduced in the 1950s and dextroamphetamine (Dexadrine) in the 1970s.- a few errors here, consider "In the 1930s, the amphetamine mixture Benzedrine was the first medication approved for use in the United States. Methylphenidate was introduced in the 1950s, and dextroamphetamine (Dexadrine) in the 1970s."
A number of notable individuals have given controversial opinions on ADHD. Scientologist Tom Cruise has referred to the ADHD medications Ritalin and Adderall as being "street drugs" - this viewpoint (as well as his other viewpoints on psychiatry) has received criticism - for example the doses of stimulants used in the treatment of ADHD do not cause behavioural addiction and there is some evidence of a reduced risk of later substance addiction in children who had their ADHD treated with stimulants.[133]- please break up run-on sentence, and as the response is also published as an opinion it needs to be attributed to the author Neill
Scientologist,
Baroness ... a leading neuroscientist- should remove these qualifiers, they are editorializing, if readers want backgrounds on these individuals they can click on the Wikilinks
In England Baroness Susan Greenfield, a leading neuroscientist, spoke out publicly in 2007 in the House of Lords about the need for a wide-ranging inquiry into the dramatic increase in the diagnosis of ADHD in the UK and possible causes following a BBC Panorama programme that highlighted US research (The Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD by the University of Buffalo) suggesting drugs are no better than other forms of therapy for ADHD in the long term.[134]- please break up run-on sentence
With a "wide variation in diagnosis across states, races, and ethnicities" some investigators suspect that factors other than neurological conditions play a role when the diagnosis of ADHD is made.[85]- if you have a quote like this you have to attribute it in the content, state who is saying it
Some ADHD symptoms in adults differ from those seen in children — for example whereas children with ADHD may climb and run about excessively, adults may experience an inability to relax and talk excessively in social situations.- consider "Some ADHD symptoms in adults differ from those seen in children. For example, while children with ADHD may climb and run about excessively, adults may experience an inability to relax, and talk excessively in social situations."
Adults with ADHD may start relationships impulsively and may display sensation seeking behaviour and be short-tempered.- consider "Adults with ADHD may start relationships impulsively, display sensation-seeking behaviour, and be short-tempered."
When compared with children without ADHD evidence supports- consider: "When children with ADHD are compared to compared without, evidence supports..."
Additionally, more than half of high IQ ADHD people- consider: "Additionally, more than half of people with high IQ and ADHD..."
Zad
68
02:27, 30 July 2013 (UTC)
As I am not sure on how to contribute the review I will make comments here (at least for now).
There are two sources from Rev Neurol, an Spanish neurological journal. The journal is quite good in itself, and has quite some articles regarding neuropediatrics (I am Spanish and take a look at it every month). However maybe similar sources can be found in English in a better journal.
More importantly, the title of the article pmid20200842 from this journal is uncorrectly translated (with grammatical errors). Original title in the journal is Trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad: ¿un patrón evolutivo? and should be changed.
Additionally the other article from rev neurol is included with the title in English (as it appear in pubmed) while the one above is given in Spanish. It would be great if same format was used.
I have checked content based in the two sources and it is OK. -- Garrondo ( talk) 20:34, 7 May 2013 (UTC)
-- Garrondo ( talk) 20:45, 7 May 2013 (UTC)
-- Garrondo ( talk) 07:28, 10 May 2013 (UTC)
-- Garrondo ( talk) 17:23, 10 May 2013 (UTC)
-- Garrondo ( talk) 20:34, 10 May 2013 (UTC)
The lead image needs checking. It appears to be listed CC BY NC here [18] but maybe they gave release. Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 04:57, 10 May 2013 (UTC)
We lost "ADHD's is estimated to affect about 3 to 5 percent of people under the age of 19. There is, however, both geographical and local variability among studies. Children in North America appear to have a higher rate of ADHD than children in Africa and the Middle East. [1]" This was specifically a global look and I am not sure the new stats are. Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 10:33, 19 May 2013 (UTC)
ADHD symptoms which are related to other disorders [2] | |||
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Depression | Anxiety disorder | Bipolar disorder | |
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Cut from body of article:
Who says it's best? The journal article authors themselves? Psychiatrists generally?
I tried reading the article online, but I couldn't find the part which says that it is usually best to treat the mood disorder first. Perhaps the contributor who added this bit could insert a quotation from the article. -- Uncle Ed ( talk) 16:16, 19 May 2013 (UTC)
IMO this table would be best as prose. Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 15:49, 22 May 2013 (UTC)
Please have a look at PMID 23360949 and editorial comment at PMID 23450282. It would appear to be a useful source. LeadSongDog come howl! 14:39, 10 June 2013 (UTC)
I don't believe that File:Adhd-facts1.jpg, which heads up the "Signs and symptoms" section of the article, is doing any good. It doesn't do anything to illustrate the article as is. What it does do is portray a stereotype of ADHD-influenced behavior. While this image might be good in a section about common misperceptions of ADHD, it's inappropriate to have it where it is. Cymru.lass in America ( talk) 23:35, 10 June 2013 (UTC)
Zad
68
02:31, 11 June 2013 (UTC)
Xrcal posted this comment on 1 March 2013 ( view all feedback).
In February 28, 2013 The Lancet published an article about the possible genetic correlation between autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia. They analyzed genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for the five disorders in 33 332 cases and 27 888 controls of European ancestory. The lead researcher was Dr. Jordan Smoller, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School in Boston. Smoller's group found four gene areas that all overlapped with the five disorders, two of which regulate calcium balance in the brain. <ref> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2812%2962129-1/fulltext</ref>
Thought I'd move it on over to the talkpage and see what people more knowledgeable than I have to say. Any thoughts? — Preceding signed comment added by Cymru.lass ( talk • contribs) 01:17, 11 June 2013 (UTC)
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