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This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Owenmolly. Peer reviewers: Gc14163.
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Why is there no mention of the empire's Hindu roots? Majaphit originated from this empire.-- Dangerous-Boy
There is absolutely no information on specific rulers of the Srivijaya Kingdom. How can we know when their golden age is and so much about their history without knowing a single ruler's name or anything a specific ruler has contributed? Should this be put up for articles for expansion, because this information seems small for such an influential kingdom? -- Shackleton 00:09, 2 January 2006 (UTC)
I propose to revert many of the most recent changes to this article. To give a few examples:
Please discuss. Alan 06:44, 2 January 2006 (UTC)
hi, i add some inscription from the founder of Srivijaya kingdom the Dapunta Hyang cri Yacanara. Also some hidden factor behind the decline of Srivijaya that is the mud sedimentation in Musi River Estuaria. It was once a port, but if you visited Palembang now, you will know that the estuaria had been sedimented deeper and it created a gap of several kilometres before the sea could be seen. Tasfan 08:47, 1 March 2006 (UTC)
Why is there no mention of the Philippines in the Sri Vijaya Empire? Not just the article, but the map also blinds out what is present-day Philippines from the Sri Vijaya Empire. There is artifactual evidence along with primary resources out there that what is the present-day Philippines was part of the empire from at least the 9th century AD. Also, the Visayas region and Sulu archipelago of the Philippines formed at one point the seat of the empire itself. There is also that gold statue of the Golden Tara of Batuan found in Mindanao decades ago. And I believe it is presently in the Chicago Museum of Natural History (I don't know if I got the museum's name right, but I know for sure it is a museum of natural history and is located in Chicago). That is evidence of the empire's extent in the Philippine Islands. Another piece of evidence is the Laguna Copperplate transcription.
Plz. change that map because that map just doesn't look right. Include the Philippines (more specifically, at least the Visayas, Sulu, Mindanao and Palawan) in the shaded region depicting the empire. The empire's extent was definitely also in the Philippines by the end of the 12th century.
One more thing. Another spelling of Sri Vijaya is Sri Vishaya.
"...Hence, independent Malay states, notably Sri Vishaya [Sri Vijaya] and Majhapahit empires arose through which India[n] cultural influence reached the Philippines. The Sri Vishaya empire arose in the 8th century in Sumatra which ruled over Sumatra, Ceylon, Malay Peninsula, Western Java, Celebes, Moluccas, Borneo and the Philippines. Sulu and Visayas were the center of Shri Vishaya power... (Rasul 4)"
-Taken from "Agonies and Dreams: The Filipino Muslims and Other Minorities"
Citation:
Rasul, Justice Jainal D. Agonies and Dreams: The Filipino Muslims and Other Minorities. Quezon City: CARE Minorities, 2003.
A user recently moved Srivijaya to Sriwijaya. I've undone the move due to the fact that the move pre-empted discussion. __earth ( Talk) 15:38, 24 August 2007 (UTC)
O. W. Wolters, Pierre-Yves Manguin and other historians and archaeologists have shown that basically Sriwijaya was a city-state located in modern Palembang. Based on other considerations such as agronomy and ecology, the city must have had 50,000 inhabitants at most. Sriwijaya's hinterland was made of forests that could hardly have supported a larger population. Sriwijaya's power resided in its capacity to control maritime traffic in the Malacca Strait, possibly through an alliance with the ancestors of present Orang Laut. The myth of a vast territorial control by Sriwijaya was launched in the 1930's by Moehamad Yamin, who wanted to give the Netherlands Indies's inlanders ("natives") a sense of grandeur. This myth might be needed politically and ideologically at the time, but history must be based on facts and research, not on propaganda! :-) Anda Djoehana 05:09, 2 September 2007 (UTC)
I am not aware of such Chinese records and will check with Pierre-Yves Manguin, whom I know personally. As for Chaiya, what has been found there is an inscription stating that a king of Sriwijaya built a temple there as a donation. On the other side of the plate, the name "Sailendra" is written. Sailendra was the name of a dynasty that reigned in Central Java in the 8th century. Some people interpreted that this mention of "Sailendra" meant that the donator was a Sailendra king, but I hope you will admit that this is a bit too quickly inferred! :-) As for the confederation concept, there is not much evidence to support it, Anda Djoehana 05:35, 2 September 2007 (UTC)
So far, one of the few written mentions of a Sriwijaya ruler is that of Dapunta Hyang Sri Yacanara in the Kedukan Bukit inscription dated 682 AD and found on Bangka island. The Nagarakertagama epic written in 1365 does not make any reference to Sriwijaya but instead to Palembang, so Parameswara, who according to legend founded Malacca around 1400 could not have been a Sriwijaya prince, :-) Anda Djoehana 05:18, 2 September 2007 (UTC)
May I express some doubt about the way the references have been presented in this article? A title, once cited, in subsequent notes is repeated in its entirety. This seems to me to have two disadvantages:
I would therefore suggest that when a title is referred to for the second and subsequent times, the short version be used.
Kind regards, Bessel Dekker 17:40, 8 October 2007 (UTC)
Small changes in the first section. The reference nr 1. to Munoz (accidently removed before )is kept, but the unsourced info is removed, namely the reference to sri boja, the estimate of 200s and the citation needed templates. Apart from beeing unsourced, there was already a reference to ' sriboja '( with source )under the next section. A. Post-Muller ( talk) 19:28, 14 May 2008 (UTC)
Hey, I read from somewhere that the daughter of Tarumanagaran Linggawarman married Jayanasa, the Srivijayan maharaja, whom is mentioned in the Bukit Kedukan inscription. The source on the Tarumanagaran event also alleges that Dharmasetu was a product of this marriage. I am trying to verify this information but would appreciate if others could shed some light on the matter. __earth ( Talk) 03:36, 15 June 2008 (UTC)
No WP:RS or WP:V get rid of it Satu Suro 04:27, 15 June 2008 (UTC)
Hey SatuSuro, I reverted it because several statements backed with sources were changed. Those changes rendered the citations useless. Any new statement with new points should be backed with new sources. Unfortunately, those changes didn't provide new sources while pre-existing sources were maintain, which gave the perception that the pre-existing sources backed the new statement. I apologize for reverting it without explaining the rationale for reversion. __earth ( Talk) 04:56, 5 August 2008 (UTC)
Thats fine, no need to apologise - at least you came back - its the reverts that remain totally unexplained that will get - rereverted -specially when the Indian/Malay ethnocentric arguments continue the way they do - having scottish ancestry at least I try to maintain an outsiders point of view - I'd be a lot happier if the malay and indian claims were all dropped and perhaps a bit more uncertainly crept into something which has so little real evidence to go from! Satu Suro 05:06, 5 August 2008 (UTC)
As far as I know from history book I've red back in my schooldays, Srivijaya only came to existence in early 7th century, when the inscriptions confirm its existence. Why the period of this empire written started at 200s?. Many other sources such as Britannica also confirm that "Srivijaya Empire: 7th to 13th century, The kingdom, which originated in Palembang on Sumatra, soon extended its influence and controlled the Strait of Malacca. The kingdom’s power was based on its control of international sea trade. It established trade relations not only with the states in the archipelago but also with China and India." I say we should correct the timeline especially on Indonesian History, which means Tarumanagara and Kutai are older than Srivijaya.[[ Gunkarta ( talk) 15:48, 17 August 2008 (UTC)]]
I quote:
Several attempts to revive Srivijaya were made by the fleeing princes of Srivijaya. In 1324, a prince of Srivijaya origin, Sri Maharaja Sang Utama Parameswara Batara Sri Tribuwana (Sang Nila Utama) founded the ancient Singapore (Temasek). He maintained control over Temasek for 48 years. Confirmed as ruler over Temasek by an envoy of the Chinese Emperor ca 1366. He was succeeded by his son Paduka Sri Pekerma Wira Diraja (1372 – 1386) and grandson, Paduka Seri Rana Wira Kerma (1386 – 1399). In 1401, his great grandson, Paduka Sri Maharaja Parameswara was expelled from Temasek by a Majapahit invasion. He later headed north and founded Sultanate of Malacca in 1402[24]. The Sultanate of Malacca succeeded Srivijaya Empire as a Malay political entity of the archipelago.[25][26]
This paragraph is in the "Decline" section. I'm not quite sure if this is accurate. To my knowledge, there was a Thai viceroy (or something like that) by the name of Temagi that ruled over Temasek. And it was Parameswara that killed Temagi, not Sri Tri Buana. I will go back to check Munoz and the Malay Annal to confirm this later. __earth ( Talk) 06:38, 24 June 2009 (UTC)
The verb "prove" is unclear in the lead. Proved academically? Date published?
I modified "around 1992 or 1993" to "by 1993" because I visited the archeological museum in Palembang in mid 1992 and there was already a display of his work. Granted he may have published later than that, but if so, "by 1993" is a more accurate (though less precise) phrase. Martindo ( talk) 22:39, 28 May 2010 (UTC)
The decline of Srivijaya was contributed by foreign piracy and raids that disrupted the trade and security in the region. Attracted to the wealth of Srivijaya, in 1025 Rajendra Chola, the Chola king from Coromandel in South India, launched naval raids on ports of Srivijaya and conquered Kadaram (modern Kedah) from Srivijaya and occupied it for some time. The Cholas are known to benefitted from both piracy and foreign trade. Sometimes Chola seafaring led to outright plunder and conquest as far as Southeast Asia.[42] An inscription of King Rajendra states that he captured Sangrama-vijayottungga-varman, the King of Kadaram, took a large heap of treasures including the Vidhyadara-torana, the jewelled 'war gate' of Srivijaya adorned with great splendour.
The true cause of Chola attacks towards Srivijaya was not because Srivijaya was wealthy or the Cholas were attracted to conquer Srivijaya(Asians were not Europeans).The main cause of the expedition is the activities of Srivijaya itself.The Cholas were already a wealthier dynasty than the Srivijaya with more complex diplomatic relations both in inland India and overseas.The wealth of Cholas clearly portrayed through numerous grand temples and inscription of donations that the Cholas performed.While the main reason for this expedition is still obscure,main possible cause of these raids were the acts of Srivijaya who attempts to monopolise the trade with China(Tang dynasty) by stating that the Cholas were vassals of Srivijaya.(declaring themselves as Cholas and the Cholas as Srivijaya)This was done so to achieve better trade with China or in other words to steal the trade diplomatic relations from Cholas of Southern India.This resulted the true Chola envoys to China to be given less respect.This confusion were later cleared by Song dynasty.Another possibility was the act of Srivijaya to force the Arab and Chinese traders to stop at the ports of Srivijaya or the traders will be attacked by powerful Srivijaya navy.This has created a situation where the trade with China by other South and West Asian dynasties to become impossible.Other than this,there were also possibilities that Cholas attacked Srivijaya to reduce their competition to trade with mid-imperial China.(It is noted the entire South,Central and East India were conquered by Cholas most probably for the same reason)There was also possibilities for Srivijaya officials and pirates to promotes piracy which causes the Arabs and Chinese to loss their revenues which really risks the Cholas economy because the commodities imported from Arab became expensive.There were also accounts which details the Chinese help that Cholas received to overthrow Srivijaya. There were no details or inscription that were found in medieval Tamil literature or foreign Greek/Chinese accounts to prove the Cholas were involved in piracy,further in Chola navy there was a specialized team called “Kallar Anai” whose jobs is to prevent piracy. During the 10th century three empires dominated Asia,Fatimid empire of Egypt,Cholas of South India and Song dynasty of China and it is impossible for these Cholas to get involved in Piracy in Straits of Malacca which is very important for their own trade with China and Southeast Asia ,and this also will surely affect their diplomatic relations with their partners.Even in Sri Lanka where numerous strong detrimental wars occurred between Cholas and the Lankan kingdoms there were no account to state the Cholas were involved in piracy both in Sinhalese and Tamil inscription and literature.These Cholas were noted for their benovelent nature to allow the local ruler to rule despite their lose in war.This is the first time I got cross to this kind of statement.It is true that Cholas will extract tributes and took all the treasures of opponent kingdoms but this is not piracy(it is norm at that time) and stating the Cholas expeditions of Southeast Asia as a foreign piracy is totally unaccepted.It is noted that the raid of Rajendra Choladeva 1 is not sole attack in Malay/Indonesian archipelago.The raid continues until the time of later Cholas where the expeditions were often requested by local rulers to defect their enemies.The presence of Kulothungga Chola 1 and numerous other chola officials in Srivijaya to prevent any unwanted war is the prove for this statement. What do you label these expeditions?It is noted that initial emergence of Indianised kingdoms and writing systems in Southeast Asia were the products of strong Pallavas and Cholas commecial activities in Southeast Asia.Is this also interpreted as piracy?If yes you are totally wrong.
References:1.Nagapattinam and Suvarnadwipa:Reflections of Chola Naval Expeditions to Southeast Asia by Hermann Kulke,K.Kesavapany,Vijay Sakhuja,2.:K.A.Nilakanta Sastri,History of South India -- Tan Meifen ( talk) 15:01, 23 July 2012 (UTC)
The new User:Royal finest just recently add a huge section and make-over large parts that mainly pushes the idea that Srivijaya is centered in Malay peninsula and originally came from Peninsulan predecessor state. Sure, historians such as Coedes, Soekmono or your recently add: Suzuki, could argue about many things (such as the center or origin of Srivijaya) but please do it in civilized and graceful manner without pushing your agenda, adding your POV and flooding this article with one sided view. The contesting opinion/suggestion could be written nicely without subsection titled the "Origin of Srivijaya". I have return it to the last best version prior to your massive make-over and rewrite some parts with your additions (the contesting claim about Peninsula as the center of Srivijaya by Japanese historian?), but please discuss, you almost engage in edit war by pushing your edits and your version many times. Gunkarta ( talk) 00:29, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
Nang Yai. Apparently there's a traditional Thai puppet show from the old Srivijaya Empire. And it's heavily Javanese-influenced. Komitsuki ( talk) 15:12, 10 June 2013 (UTC)
Srivijaya (also written Sri Vijaya, Indonesian: Sriwijaya, Thai: ศรีวิชัย or Ṣ̄rī wichạy , RTGS: Siwichai, Indian: శ్రీవిజయ)
Indian: శ్రీవిజయ ... is Telugu, one of the Indian languages. Could the person who wrote it originally change it please.
I do not want to change it without the original author's permission.
Saandhya — Preceding unsigned comment added by 159.86.191.24 ( talk) 15:10, 25 July 2013 (UTC)
I've removed it since it is not relevant, the Indonesian-Malay name and Thai script is justifiable since the former kingdom's territory included Indonesia, Malaysia, and Southern Thailand. However no Indian lands were part of Srivijaya, so it is irrelevant to including Indian script. Gunkarta ( talk) 15:37, 25 July 2013 (UTC)
Why does the article's infobox list 650 AD/CE as the earliest date for Srivijaya when the earliest specific dates mentioned are 671 & 682? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.207.39.39 ( talk) 07:52, 13 September 2013 (UTC)
Relations with Song dynasty China.
http://books.google.com/books?id=2swhCXJVRzwC&pg=PA6#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=cLE_ToRyuLsC&pg=PA83#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://www.ualberta.ca/~vmitchel/rev5.html
04:21, 26 February 2014 (UTC)
Relations with China and the Chola Empire
http://books.google.com/books?id=uLYIpjMrONEC&pg=PA106#v=onepage&q&f=false
References
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I noticed that there was a lack of sources for the section "Regional conquests". I've went ahead and found some sources for the information in this paragraph.
1. Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa's military campaign: [1]
2. "Chinese records dating to the late 7th century mention two Sumatran kingdoms as well as three other kingdoms on Java as being part of Srivijaya": [2]
3. "According to the Kota Kapur inscription discovered on Bangka Island, the empire conquered most of southern Sumatra and the neighbouring island of Bangka, as far as Palas Pasemah in Lampung": [3] Gc14163 ( talk) 18:00, 15 February 2018 (UTC)
References
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{{
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A lot of the information lacks citations and thus I believe, for the sake of clarity and validity, they should be removed unless proper citations can be added. Other issues are a lack of clarity or superfluity that fail to add relevant information. The following are suggested deletions:
Feel free to share your thoughts. Macf95 ( talk) 06:36, 24 March 2018 (UTC)
Has this information been considered for this article? 173.88.246.138 ( talk) 03:39, 3 November 2021 (UTC)
So someone kept insisting that the word "Malay" should be included in the initial description of this article. They cited Encyclopedia Britannica and Sabrizain for it. Encyclopedia Britannica calling it "The Malay kingdom of Srivijaya-Palembang" but gave no reason on why it was Malay, or whether it is the same conception of modern Malay people. Granted, the inscriptions of the 7th century used a language that has been termed in modern times as "Old Malay". Sabrizain, a Malay-focused website, of course would used the term "Malay" for this kingdom. An anonymous user recently (29 May 2022) deleted the term "Malay" in the initial description, and gave the reason as "Modern Malay did not exist until the 15th century". I think I need to give some context so the dispute won't happen again in the future. The Malay culture in modern sense did not exist back in the 7th century Srivijaya. Even in the 15th century, the Malaccan Malay still in the form of a combination of various cultures such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Javanese culture, and local culture (namely Melaka strait culture). The Malay Annals/Sejarah Melayu/Sulalatus Salatin may give the impression that during the Sultanate of Malacca era, they already created a distinctive culture similar to Modern Malay, but the reality is different. To quote John N. Miksic (I quoted wholly from Singapore & the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300-1800, below):
In the fifteenth century, “Malay culture” in the modern sense did not exist yet. The word Malayu acquired its modern connotations in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (on the changing meaning of the word Malayu, see Wee 1985, Milner 1982, L. Y. Andaya 2001, T.P . Barnard 2001, Reid 2001, Shamsul A. B. 2001). In light of this, the Malay Annals was not just a reflection of Malay society; it also played an active role in shaping the evolution of Malay identity.
The oldest surviving version of the Malay Annals is known as Raffles MS 18. Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles acquired it during his residence in Southeast Asia in the early nineteenth century. This copy was written around 1612 and reflects the political situation of that time. A comparison of Raffles MS 18 with a version written in Riau around 1750 displays major changes connected with changing political circumstances. The 1750 version, known as the Shellabear Recension after Reverend William Shellabear who had it printed in Singapore in the early nineteenth century, was shaped during a period when Bugis from Sulawesi dominated Riau. It is neither a coincidence nor a mistake that Hang Tuah, the hero of Melaka, is depicted in the Shellabear Recension as being of Bugis rather than Malay ancestry. This kind of rewriting occurred frequently in the evolution of the Malay Annals and the 1612 version had no doubt undergone numerous changes compared to the hypothetical 1436 version. The Malay Annals was never intended to be taken literally, but this does not mean that it is fiction or myth. In order to achieve its goal of legitimizing the ruler, each generation for whom it was revised had to perceive it as reflecting reality. Each version of the Malay Annals can be used to reconstruct the perceptions of a particular generation of their identity in its time and place, a stage in long-term history, but is not a text which claims to be an objective record of events. <End quoting>
The term "Malayu" is different from Malay, as it refers to a historical polity (kingdom or kadatuan) based around Jambi. The polity that attacked Java was Malayu, not Srivijaya. Miksic in his book made a distinction between Malayu and Srivijaya. I'm sure other writers also made this distinction, but somehow various editor of Wikipedia kept thinking it refers to Srivijaya due to the similarity with Melayu (that is, the ethnic group, the "Malay" that was disputed here, because that ethnic group is supposed to rule Srivijaya). The Malayu kingdom sent five missions to China between 1079 and 1094, evidencing its status as an independent kingdom and active player in trading. According to Miksic "Malayu seems to have been one of the main beneficiaries of the destruction of the monopoly that Srivijaya enforced for almost four centuries."
Surijeal (
talk)
01:26, 9 June 2022 (UTC)
"The ancient Malay peoples who formed Srivijaya in southeastern Sumatra...") or Keith Taylor in The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia. Taylor explicitly discusses the emic discontinuity between ancient and modern Malays (
"The Malays themselves have preserved virtually no memory of what we now call Srivijaya, a generic term for the succession of thalassocracies centred in southeastern Sumatra from the seventh to the fourteenth centuries"), but nevertheless he liberally uses the term "Malay" to denote the agents of early Sumatran and Malayan history.
It's actually quite easy, why is there a difference between old Malay in Srivijaya era and modern Malay because Srivijaya was only a school for studying Buddhism in muara takus. Just look at the heritage inscriptions in Sriwijaya, almost all of them only contain curses and the list of kings' names is mostly taken from outside sources, it's strange right that the kingdom did not have its own king list inscription in Sumatra.
after collecting several sources about srivijaya wenri wanhar https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=zb99NGK_miQ Nitekuzee ( talk) 19:13, 11 August 2022 (UTC)
So because it is only a Buddhist school, culture did not develop during the Srivijaya era that is why old Malay and modern Malay have different cultures. Nitekuzee ( talk) 20:04, 11 August 2022 (UTC)
@ Farhan Curious: Discuss here AlhyarJy ( talk) 14:27, 17 August 2022 (UTC)
@ AlhyarJy: Consensus, really? – Austronesier ( talk) 18:15, 28 October 2022 (UTC)
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Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. — Community Tech bot ( talk) 03:52, 27 June 2022 (UTC)
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This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Owenmolly. Peer reviewers: Gc14163.
Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT ( talk) 10:05, 17 January 2022 (UTC)
Why is there no mention of the empire's Hindu roots? Majaphit originated from this empire.-- Dangerous-Boy
There is absolutely no information on specific rulers of the Srivijaya Kingdom. How can we know when their golden age is and so much about their history without knowing a single ruler's name or anything a specific ruler has contributed? Should this be put up for articles for expansion, because this information seems small for such an influential kingdom? -- Shackleton 00:09, 2 January 2006 (UTC)
I propose to revert many of the most recent changes to this article. To give a few examples:
Please discuss. Alan 06:44, 2 January 2006 (UTC)
hi, i add some inscription from the founder of Srivijaya kingdom the Dapunta Hyang cri Yacanara. Also some hidden factor behind the decline of Srivijaya that is the mud sedimentation in Musi River Estuaria. It was once a port, but if you visited Palembang now, you will know that the estuaria had been sedimented deeper and it created a gap of several kilometres before the sea could be seen. Tasfan 08:47, 1 March 2006 (UTC)
Why is there no mention of the Philippines in the Sri Vijaya Empire? Not just the article, but the map also blinds out what is present-day Philippines from the Sri Vijaya Empire. There is artifactual evidence along with primary resources out there that what is the present-day Philippines was part of the empire from at least the 9th century AD. Also, the Visayas region and Sulu archipelago of the Philippines formed at one point the seat of the empire itself. There is also that gold statue of the Golden Tara of Batuan found in Mindanao decades ago. And I believe it is presently in the Chicago Museum of Natural History (I don't know if I got the museum's name right, but I know for sure it is a museum of natural history and is located in Chicago). That is evidence of the empire's extent in the Philippine Islands. Another piece of evidence is the Laguna Copperplate transcription.
Plz. change that map because that map just doesn't look right. Include the Philippines (more specifically, at least the Visayas, Sulu, Mindanao and Palawan) in the shaded region depicting the empire. The empire's extent was definitely also in the Philippines by the end of the 12th century.
One more thing. Another spelling of Sri Vijaya is Sri Vishaya.
"...Hence, independent Malay states, notably Sri Vishaya [Sri Vijaya] and Majhapahit empires arose through which India[n] cultural influence reached the Philippines. The Sri Vishaya empire arose in the 8th century in Sumatra which ruled over Sumatra, Ceylon, Malay Peninsula, Western Java, Celebes, Moluccas, Borneo and the Philippines. Sulu and Visayas were the center of Shri Vishaya power... (Rasul 4)"
-Taken from "Agonies and Dreams: The Filipino Muslims and Other Minorities"
Citation:
Rasul, Justice Jainal D. Agonies and Dreams: The Filipino Muslims and Other Minorities. Quezon City: CARE Minorities, 2003.
A user recently moved Srivijaya to Sriwijaya. I've undone the move due to the fact that the move pre-empted discussion. __earth ( Talk) 15:38, 24 August 2007 (UTC)
O. W. Wolters, Pierre-Yves Manguin and other historians and archaeologists have shown that basically Sriwijaya was a city-state located in modern Palembang. Based on other considerations such as agronomy and ecology, the city must have had 50,000 inhabitants at most. Sriwijaya's hinterland was made of forests that could hardly have supported a larger population. Sriwijaya's power resided in its capacity to control maritime traffic in the Malacca Strait, possibly through an alliance with the ancestors of present Orang Laut. The myth of a vast territorial control by Sriwijaya was launched in the 1930's by Moehamad Yamin, who wanted to give the Netherlands Indies's inlanders ("natives") a sense of grandeur. This myth might be needed politically and ideologically at the time, but history must be based on facts and research, not on propaganda! :-) Anda Djoehana 05:09, 2 September 2007 (UTC)
I am not aware of such Chinese records and will check with Pierre-Yves Manguin, whom I know personally. As for Chaiya, what has been found there is an inscription stating that a king of Sriwijaya built a temple there as a donation. On the other side of the plate, the name "Sailendra" is written. Sailendra was the name of a dynasty that reigned in Central Java in the 8th century. Some people interpreted that this mention of "Sailendra" meant that the donator was a Sailendra king, but I hope you will admit that this is a bit too quickly inferred! :-) As for the confederation concept, there is not much evidence to support it, Anda Djoehana 05:35, 2 September 2007 (UTC)
So far, one of the few written mentions of a Sriwijaya ruler is that of Dapunta Hyang Sri Yacanara in the Kedukan Bukit inscription dated 682 AD and found on Bangka island. The Nagarakertagama epic written in 1365 does not make any reference to Sriwijaya but instead to Palembang, so Parameswara, who according to legend founded Malacca around 1400 could not have been a Sriwijaya prince, :-) Anda Djoehana 05:18, 2 September 2007 (UTC)
May I express some doubt about the way the references have been presented in this article? A title, once cited, in subsequent notes is repeated in its entirety. This seems to me to have two disadvantages:
I would therefore suggest that when a title is referred to for the second and subsequent times, the short version be used.
Kind regards, Bessel Dekker 17:40, 8 October 2007 (UTC)
Small changes in the first section. The reference nr 1. to Munoz (accidently removed before )is kept, but the unsourced info is removed, namely the reference to sri boja, the estimate of 200s and the citation needed templates. Apart from beeing unsourced, there was already a reference to ' sriboja '( with source )under the next section. A. Post-Muller ( talk) 19:28, 14 May 2008 (UTC)
Hey, I read from somewhere that the daughter of Tarumanagaran Linggawarman married Jayanasa, the Srivijayan maharaja, whom is mentioned in the Bukit Kedukan inscription. The source on the Tarumanagaran event also alleges that Dharmasetu was a product of this marriage. I am trying to verify this information but would appreciate if others could shed some light on the matter. __earth ( Talk) 03:36, 15 June 2008 (UTC)
No WP:RS or WP:V get rid of it Satu Suro 04:27, 15 June 2008 (UTC)
Hey SatuSuro, I reverted it because several statements backed with sources were changed. Those changes rendered the citations useless. Any new statement with new points should be backed with new sources. Unfortunately, those changes didn't provide new sources while pre-existing sources were maintain, which gave the perception that the pre-existing sources backed the new statement. I apologize for reverting it without explaining the rationale for reversion. __earth ( Talk) 04:56, 5 August 2008 (UTC)
Thats fine, no need to apologise - at least you came back - its the reverts that remain totally unexplained that will get - rereverted -specially when the Indian/Malay ethnocentric arguments continue the way they do - having scottish ancestry at least I try to maintain an outsiders point of view - I'd be a lot happier if the malay and indian claims were all dropped and perhaps a bit more uncertainly crept into something which has so little real evidence to go from! Satu Suro 05:06, 5 August 2008 (UTC)
As far as I know from history book I've red back in my schooldays, Srivijaya only came to existence in early 7th century, when the inscriptions confirm its existence. Why the period of this empire written started at 200s?. Many other sources such as Britannica also confirm that "Srivijaya Empire: 7th to 13th century, The kingdom, which originated in Palembang on Sumatra, soon extended its influence and controlled the Strait of Malacca. The kingdom’s power was based on its control of international sea trade. It established trade relations not only with the states in the archipelago but also with China and India." I say we should correct the timeline especially on Indonesian History, which means Tarumanagara and Kutai are older than Srivijaya.[[ Gunkarta ( talk) 15:48, 17 August 2008 (UTC)]]
I quote:
Several attempts to revive Srivijaya were made by the fleeing princes of Srivijaya. In 1324, a prince of Srivijaya origin, Sri Maharaja Sang Utama Parameswara Batara Sri Tribuwana (Sang Nila Utama) founded the ancient Singapore (Temasek). He maintained control over Temasek for 48 years. Confirmed as ruler over Temasek by an envoy of the Chinese Emperor ca 1366. He was succeeded by his son Paduka Sri Pekerma Wira Diraja (1372 – 1386) and grandson, Paduka Seri Rana Wira Kerma (1386 – 1399). In 1401, his great grandson, Paduka Sri Maharaja Parameswara was expelled from Temasek by a Majapahit invasion. He later headed north and founded Sultanate of Malacca in 1402[24]. The Sultanate of Malacca succeeded Srivijaya Empire as a Malay political entity of the archipelago.[25][26]
This paragraph is in the "Decline" section. I'm not quite sure if this is accurate. To my knowledge, there was a Thai viceroy (or something like that) by the name of Temagi that ruled over Temasek. And it was Parameswara that killed Temagi, not Sri Tri Buana. I will go back to check Munoz and the Malay Annal to confirm this later. __earth ( Talk) 06:38, 24 June 2009 (UTC)
The verb "prove" is unclear in the lead. Proved academically? Date published?
I modified "around 1992 or 1993" to "by 1993" because I visited the archeological museum in Palembang in mid 1992 and there was already a display of his work. Granted he may have published later than that, but if so, "by 1993" is a more accurate (though less precise) phrase. Martindo ( talk) 22:39, 28 May 2010 (UTC)
The decline of Srivijaya was contributed by foreign piracy and raids that disrupted the trade and security in the region. Attracted to the wealth of Srivijaya, in 1025 Rajendra Chola, the Chola king from Coromandel in South India, launched naval raids on ports of Srivijaya and conquered Kadaram (modern Kedah) from Srivijaya and occupied it for some time. The Cholas are known to benefitted from both piracy and foreign trade. Sometimes Chola seafaring led to outright plunder and conquest as far as Southeast Asia.[42] An inscription of King Rajendra states that he captured Sangrama-vijayottungga-varman, the King of Kadaram, took a large heap of treasures including the Vidhyadara-torana, the jewelled 'war gate' of Srivijaya adorned with great splendour.
The true cause of Chola attacks towards Srivijaya was not because Srivijaya was wealthy or the Cholas were attracted to conquer Srivijaya(Asians were not Europeans).The main cause of the expedition is the activities of Srivijaya itself.The Cholas were already a wealthier dynasty than the Srivijaya with more complex diplomatic relations both in inland India and overseas.The wealth of Cholas clearly portrayed through numerous grand temples and inscription of donations that the Cholas performed.While the main reason for this expedition is still obscure,main possible cause of these raids were the acts of Srivijaya who attempts to monopolise the trade with China(Tang dynasty) by stating that the Cholas were vassals of Srivijaya.(declaring themselves as Cholas and the Cholas as Srivijaya)This was done so to achieve better trade with China or in other words to steal the trade diplomatic relations from Cholas of Southern India.This resulted the true Chola envoys to China to be given less respect.This confusion were later cleared by Song dynasty.Another possibility was the act of Srivijaya to force the Arab and Chinese traders to stop at the ports of Srivijaya or the traders will be attacked by powerful Srivijaya navy.This has created a situation where the trade with China by other South and West Asian dynasties to become impossible.Other than this,there were also possibilities that Cholas attacked Srivijaya to reduce their competition to trade with mid-imperial China.(It is noted the entire South,Central and East India were conquered by Cholas most probably for the same reason)There was also possibilities for Srivijaya officials and pirates to promotes piracy which causes the Arabs and Chinese to loss their revenues which really risks the Cholas economy because the commodities imported from Arab became expensive.There were also accounts which details the Chinese help that Cholas received to overthrow Srivijaya. There were no details or inscription that were found in medieval Tamil literature or foreign Greek/Chinese accounts to prove the Cholas were involved in piracy,further in Chola navy there was a specialized team called “Kallar Anai” whose jobs is to prevent piracy. During the 10th century three empires dominated Asia,Fatimid empire of Egypt,Cholas of South India and Song dynasty of China and it is impossible for these Cholas to get involved in Piracy in Straits of Malacca which is very important for their own trade with China and Southeast Asia ,and this also will surely affect their diplomatic relations with their partners.Even in Sri Lanka where numerous strong detrimental wars occurred between Cholas and the Lankan kingdoms there were no account to state the Cholas were involved in piracy both in Sinhalese and Tamil inscription and literature.These Cholas were noted for their benovelent nature to allow the local ruler to rule despite their lose in war.This is the first time I got cross to this kind of statement.It is true that Cholas will extract tributes and took all the treasures of opponent kingdoms but this is not piracy(it is norm at that time) and stating the Cholas expeditions of Southeast Asia as a foreign piracy is totally unaccepted.It is noted that the raid of Rajendra Choladeva 1 is not sole attack in Malay/Indonesian archipelago.The raid continues until the time of later Cholas where the expeditions were often requested by local rulers to defect their enemies.The presence of Kulothungga Chola 1 and numerous other chola officials in Srivijaya to prevent any unwanted war is the prove for this statement. What do you label these expeditions?It is noted that initial emergence of Indianised kingdoms and writing systems in Southeast Asia were the products of strong Pallavas and Cholas commecial activities in Southeast Asia.Is this also interpreted as piracy?If yes you are totally wrong.
References:1.Nagapattinam and Suvarnadwipa:Reflections of Chola Naval Expeditions to Southeast Asia by Hermann Kulke,K.Kesavapany,Vijay Sakhuja,2.:K.A.Nilakanta Sastri,History of South India -- Tan Meifen ( talk) 15:01, 23 July 2012 (UTC)
The new User:Royal finest just recently add a huge section and make-over large parts that mainly pushes the idea that Srivijaya is centered in Malay peninsula and originally came from Peninsulan predecessor state. Sure, historians such as Coedes, Soekmono or your recently add: Suzuki, could argue about many things (such as the center or origin of Srivijaya) but please do it in civilized and graceful manner without pushing your agenda, adding your POV and flooding this article with one sided view. The contesting opinion/suggestion could be written nicely without subsection titled the "Origin of Srivijaya". I have return it to the last best version prior to your massive make-over and rewrite some parts with your additions (the contesting claim about Peninsula as the center of Srivijaya by Japanese historian?), but please discuss, you almost engage in edit war by pushing your edits and your version many times. Gunkarta ( talk) 00:29, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
Nang Yai. Apparently there's a traditional Thai puppet show from the old Srivijaya Empire. And it's heavily Javanese-influenced. Komitsuki ( talk) 15:12, 10 June 2013 (UTC)
Srivijaya (also written Sri Vijaya, Indonesian: Sriwijaya, Thai: ศรีวิชัย or Ṣ̄rī wichạy , RTGS: Siwichai, Indian: శ్రీవిజయ)
Indian: శ్రీవిజయ ... is Telugu, one of the Indian languages. Could the person who wrote it originally change it please.
I do not want to change it without the original author's permission.
Saandhya — Preceding unsigned comment added by 159.86.191.24 ( talk) 15:10, 25 July 2013 (UTC)
I've removed it since it is not relevant, the Indonesian-Malay name and Thai script is justifiable since the former kingdom's territory included Indonesia, Malaysia, and Southern Thailand. However no Indian lands were part of Srivijaya, so it is irrelevant to including Indian script. Gunkarta ( talk) 15:37, 25 July 2013 (UTC)
Why does the article's infobox list 650 AD/CE as the earliest date for Srivijaya when the earliest specific dates mentioned are 671 & 682? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.207.39.39 ( talk) 07:52, 13 September 2013 (UTC)
Relations with Song dynasty China.
http://books.google.com/books?id=2swhCXJVRzwC&pg=PA6#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=cLE_ToRyuLsC&pg=PA83#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://www.ualberta.ca/~vmitchel/rev5.html
04:21, 26 February 2014 (UTC)
Relations with China and the Chola Empire
http://books.google.com/books?id=uLYIpjMrONEC&pg=PA106#v=onepage&q&f=false
References
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I noticed that there was a lack of sources for the section "Regional conquests". I've went ahead and found some sources for the information in this paragraph.
1. Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa's military campaign: [1]
2. "Chinese records dating to the late 7th century mention two Sumatran kingdoms as well as three other kingdoms on Java as being part of Srivijaya": [2]
3. "According to the Kota Kapur inscription discovered on Bangka Island, the empire conquered most of southern Sumatra and the neighbouring island of Bangka, as far as Palas Pasemah in Lampung": [3] Gc14163 ( talk) 18:00, 15 February 2018 (UTC)
References
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A lot of the information lacks citations and thus I believe, for the sake of clarity and validity, they should be removed unless proper citations can be added. Other issues are a lack of clarity or superfluity that fail to add relevant information. The following are suggested deletions:
Feel free to share your thoughts. Macf95 ( talk) 06:36, 24 March 2018 (UTC)
Has this information been considered for this article? 173.88.246.138 ( talk) 03:39, 3 November 2021 (UTC)
So someone kept insisting that the word "Malay" should be included in the initial description of this article. They cited Encyclopedia Britannica and Sabrizain for it. Encyclopedia Britannica calling it "The Malay kingdom of Srivijaya-Palembang" but gave no reason on why it was Malay, or whether it is the same conception of modern Malay people. Granted, the inscriptions of the 7th century used a language that has been termed in modern times as "Old Malay". Sabrizain, a Malay-focused website, of course would used the term "Malay" for this kingdom. An anonymous user recently (29 May 2022) deleted the term "Malay" in the initial description, and gave the reason as "Modern Malay did not exist until the 15th century". I think I need to give some context so the dispute won't happen again in the future. The Malay culture in modern sense did not exist back in the 7th century Srivijaya. Even in the 15th century, the Malaccan Malay still in the form of a combination of various cultures such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Javanese culture, and local culture (namely Melaka strait culture). The Malay Annals/Sejarah Melayu/Sulalatus Salatin may give the impression that during the Sultanate of Malacca era, they already created a distinctive culture similar to Modern Malay, but the reality is different. To quote John N. Miksic (I quoted wholly from Singapore & the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300-1800, below):
In the fifteenth century, “Malay culture” in the modern sense did not exist yet. The word Malayu acquired its modern connotations in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (on the changing meaning of the word Malayu, see Wee 1985, Milner 1982, L. Y. Andaya 2001, T.P . Barnard 2001, Reid 2001, Shamsul A. B. 2001). In light of this, the Malay Annals was not just a reflection of Malay society; it also played an active role in shaping the evolution of Malay identity.
The oldest surviving version of the Malay Annals is known as Raffles MS 18. Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles acquired it during his residence in Southeast Asia in the early nineteenth century. This copy was written around 1612 and reflects the political situation of that time. A comparison of Raffles MS 18 with a version written in Riau around 1750 displays major changes connected with changing political circumstances. The 1750 version, known as the Shellabear Recension after Reverend William Shellabear who had it printed in Singapore in the early nineteenth century, was shaped during a period when Bugis from Sulawesi dominated Riau. It is neither a coincidence nor a mistake that Hang Tuah, the hero of Melaka, is depicted in the Shellabear Recension as being of Bugis rather than Malay ancestry. This kind of rewriting occurred frequently in the evolution of the Malay Annals and the 1612 version had no doubt undergone numerous changes compared to the hypothetical 1436 version. The Malay Annals was never intended to be taken literally, but this does not mean that it is fiction or myth. In order to achieve its goal of legitimizing the ruler, each generation for whom it was revised had to perceive it as reflecting reality. Each version of the Malay Annals can be used to reconstruct the perceptions of a particular generation of their identity in its time and place, a stage in long-term history, but is not a text which claims to be an objective record of events. <End quoting>
The term "Malayu" is different from Malay, as it refers to a historical polity (kingdom or kadatuan) based around Jambi. The polity that attacked Java was Malayu, not Srivijaya. Miksic in his book made a distinction between Malayu and Srivijaya. I'm sure other writers also made this distinction, but somehow various editor of Wikipedia kept thinking it refers to Srivijaya due to the similarity with Melayu (that is, the ethnic group, the "Malay" that was disputed here, because that ethnic group is supposed to rule Srivijaya). The Malayu kingdom sent five missions to China between 1079 and 1094, evidencing its status as an independent kingdom and active player in trading. According to Miksic "Malayu seems to have been one of the main beneficiaries of the destruction of the monopoly that Srivijaya enforced for almost four centuries."
Surijeal (
talk)
01:26, 9 June 2022 (UTC)
"The ancient Malay peoples who formed Srivijaya in southeastern Sumatra...") or Keith Taylor in The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia. Taylor explicitly discusses the emic discontinuity between ancient and modern Malays (
"The Malays themselves have preserved virtually no memory of what we now call Srivijaya, a generic term for the succession of thalassocracies centred in southeastern Sumatra from the seventh to the fourteenth centuries"), but nevertheless he liberally uses the term "Malay" to denote the agents of early Sumatran and Malayan history.
It's actually quite easy, why is there a difference between old Malay in Srivijaya era and modern Malay because Srivijaya was only a school for studying Buddhism in muara takus. Just look at the heritage inscriptions in Sriwijaya, almost all of them only contain curses and the list of kings' names is mostly taken from outside sources, it's strange right that the kingdom did not have its own king list inscription in Sumatra.
after collecting several sources about srivijaya wenri wanhar https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=zb99NGK_miQ Nitekuzee ( talk) 19:13, 11 August 2022 (UTC)
So because it is only a Buddhist school, culture did not develop during the Srivijaya era that is why old Malay and modern Malay have different cultures. Nitekuzee ( talk) 20:04, 11 August 2022 (UTC)
@ Farhan Curious: Discuss here AlhyarJy ( talk) 14:27, 17 August 2022 (UTC)
@ AlhyarJy: Consensus, really? – Austronesier ( talk) 18:15, 28 October 2022 (UTC)
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