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These incidents may be accurate or not; may be attributable to Etzel or not; may have been authorized by Etzel leadership or not; may involve non-combatants or not. Much more work needs to be done to assess them and bring them to an encyclopedic level.
And since you're doing this work, what about a listing of all attacks against Jews in the same time frame?
-- Leifern 17:19, 2005 Mar 21 (UTC)
It's not simply a list of casualties; it's a list of incidents that resulted in casualties. I don't doubt that you've derived these from a book you found, but I haven't had time to ascertain whether this book is accurate. For one thing, a lot has been uncovered sine 1951; such as who perpetrated what attacks. I think it's highly relevant to explain what provoked the attacks. As for my point that things aren't on the web, you're kidding, right? There are countless fraudulent, false, and slanderous allegations against Israel on the web - I can't imagine that the many enemies of Etzel (which, btw, include Israelis on the left wing) would let any opportunity go by to document allegations of Etzel atrocities/attacks. -- Leifern 13:50, 2005 Mar 22 (UTC)
Let me stipulate a few facts here, just so you understand my skepticism:
-- Leifern 14:15, 2005 Mar 25 (UTC)
The archives of the Irgun are available on microfiche in quite a few libraries (published by Zug). There is at least one fairly extensive list of operations in there which I have seen. I will soon look again at the copy in my library, but my Hebrew is not great (a euphemism for bloody awful). I expect the compilation here is pretty close to the facts, since the incidents apparently did occur (I checked a random selection in a newspaper archive) and the Irgun was doing precisely this type of thing at the time. I don't think a dispute tag is appropriate without even a single explicit example of a disputed fact. -- Zero 10:23, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)
Actually this list is quite incomplete and the figure of 250 is way too low. There are already 267 listed here despite major operations being missing and the casualty figures for some being too low. I'll add some more with citations. -- Zero 05:42, 14 August 2005 (UTC)
However, my checking (still only covering a fraction of the list) found two death counts exaggerated. In particular, the figure of 78 given in one place was for all casualties, not only deaths. Looking through the newspapers, a considerable number of lesser incidents such as individual shootings, small bombs, etc, can be seen to have caused quite a lot of deaths in total. However, there is no algorithm for knowing which were perpetrated by Irgun members even though probably many were. -- Zero 07:11, 14 August 2005 (UTC)
Irgun attacks on Arab targets began in September 1937, not in November. Already on Sep 2 the Palestine Post noted the apparent emergence of Jewish reprisal attacks, and several sources mention an attack which killed 13 Arabs in "early September". All add details if/when I can find them. -- Zero 08:08, 14 August 2005 (UTC)
The Bowyer Bell book I added to the references of Zionist Terrorism is an accessible source and confirmation for some of these attacks, with background. I'll add some stuff here tomorrow maybe.-- John Z 09:37, 14 August 2005 (UTC)
Well done! I collected the original info from just one source - the book by the Irgun militants, to illustrate the extent of Irgun attacks against Arab civilians. This online searchable Palestine Post site is quite a find!-- Doron 08:45, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
This article would be improved by a sentence indicating WHY the Irgun was formed. It was a response to Arab attacks on Jews. The article as it stands lacks context. Labellesanslebete ( talk) 12:55, 7 July 2009 (UTC)
The whole attribution is questionable. The Irgun website which takes pride at its actions during the fight for Israel's independence, shows that most of these attacks, if they indeed EVER took place were not done by the Irgun. The whole article is a mere accusation, because Irgun denies those attacks to this very day. 217.132.77.167 17:57, 4 November 2005 (UTC)
The Irgun was disbanded in 1948, so how can it have a website in 2006? Of course the answer is that the website is one that someone has created in memory/honor of the Irgun. What they have chosen to admit or not admit there has no bearing on the truth. Their motivation for not listing the attacks of the 1930s is pretty obvious anyway. But enough of irrelevant websites, the important thing is whether the Irgun did these attacks or not (the fact that the attacks happened at all is easily checked in a newspaper archive). Doron initialised the list based on the Hebrew book he cited in the article and it remains much the same now except that we corrected some of the details from newspaper reports. (Christophe: that is not original research, everything here is based on verifiable published sources.) Doron's book does not give an extreme viewpoint, but the viewpoint long ago admitted by the Irgun and accepted by historians. Now I'll give some sources for this statement.
One place to start in English is Bowyer-Bell's book "Terror out of Zion" which lists many of these attacks based on interviews with Irgun members. An example of an Irgun admission is the book "Years of Wrath, Days of Glory; Memoirs of the Irgun" by Yitshaq Ben-Ami (who was an Irgun member for almost the whole time it existed). Some quotations:
On the 27th [of Feb 1939], which came to be known as "the Black Day," the Irgun set off bombs in Haifa, Jerusalem and Tel-Aviv. The casualties numbered over a hundred. (p229)
Irgun attacks on Arab market places received harsh criticism at home and abroad, but we knew that weapons were being smuggled into Palestine in vegetable trucks. (p231)
Next I'll give some general statements by historians. Yehuda Bauer wrote in "From Diplomacy to Resistance", Jewish Publication Society, 1970:
During the period of command over Etzel by Moshe Rosenberg and David Raziel, a great many assaults (some of them en masse) were carried out against Arab bystanders and shoppers: men, women, and children (November 1937-July 1939). (p14)
Nicholas Bethel wrote in "The Palestine Triangle":
Their [the Irgun's] own pamphlets boast of the indiscriminate killing of Arabs, listed day by day, and go on to claim that the murderers are 'those who saved the honour of Israel', that their acts were 'fighting acts of persons who believe that the Jewish kingdom will be created by force, after having overpowered the Arab enemy in the battle'. (p124)
There are many similar statements in history books, but I'll conclude with a much more explicit statement. The following is from "Jewish Self-Defence and Terrorist Groups Prior to the Establishment of the State of ISRAEL: Roots and Traditions" published in the peer-reviewed journal Totalitarian Movements & Political Religions, Vol 4, 3 (2003) 91-118 by Arie Perliger (Department of Political Science at the University of Haifa) and Leonard Weinberg (University of Nevada):
In fact, the Etzel leaders did choose a terrorist approach, that is, conducting operations that had political goals, intended to establish a reign of terror by carrying out arbitrary attacks on the Arab population, such as the killing of two Palestinian workers in a banana plantation on 20 April 1936, followed two days later by shooting and the throwing of a grenade at Arab passers-by in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. Between 1936 and 1939, the Etzel continued to conduct terrorist activities while methodically attempting to provide a rational justification for the violence by calling it retaliation for Arab attacks; for example, the shooting at a passenger train in August 1936 was justified as a response to the shooting at civilian Jews in Tel Aviv a day earlier by Arabs. Soon, however, the Etzel abandoned this policy line and announced a terrorist campaign intended to provide a suitable response to the ‘Arab Uprising’. This approach reflected the Etzel’s world view, which considered political violence and terrorism legitimate tools in the Jewish national struggle for the Land of Israel. The Etzel’s terrorist campaign against the Arab population lasted until the end of the ‘Arab Uprising’ in 1939 and included more than 60 attacks. An attempt to characterise the Etzel’s activities in this period leads us to note its four major tactics: assassination attempts, attacks on transportation routes, shootings, and the use of explosive devices. More specifically, its first course of action was random assassination of Arab labour workers or passers-by. These attacks occurred in various cities (such as the shooting at Arabs in the downtown area of Haifa in June 1938, and a month later at Arabs walking near the Sheari Tzedek Hospital in Jerusalem) as well as at more isolated areas (such as the killing of two Arabs on the beach in Bat-Yam in March 1937, and the killing of two other Arabs in the fields near the Hefer valley that same month). Encouraged by its success and the experience accumulated by its members, the Etzel expanded its range of activities to include ambushes and systematic attacks on major transportation arteries (shooting at a bus with Arab passengers in July 1938, throwing explosives at another bus in September 1937, shooting at a truck with an Arab driver in November 1937), and shooting attacks on Arab population centres (using a semi-machine gun and throwing a grenade at an Arab coffee shop in Jerusalem in November 1937, throwing explosives at another coffee shop in Haifa in April 1937, and the use of a semi-automatic machine gun to shoot at an Arab group in Haifa in May of 1939). The organisation also expanded its tactics to include the detonation of explosives by remote control. The most dramatic act in this regard was the planting of a mine in the Arab market in Haifa in July 1938, an attack which resulted in the death of more than 70 Arabs.
(The last one had 70 casualties, not 70 deaths.) Perliger and Weinberg's sources for this section are informative: one is volume 2 of the 6-volume "official history" by former Irgun member David Niv: "Battle for Freedom: The Irgun Zvai Leumi" (Tel Aviv: Klausner Institute, 1966). The other two are published by organizations associated with the Irgun: Joseph Kister, "The National Military Organization, 1931–1948" (Tel Aviv: Etzel Museum, 1998) and Yitzhak Alfasi, "The National Military Organization Sources and Documents" (Tel Aviv: Jabotinski Institute, 1992). In other words, their information comes directly or indirectly from Irgun sources, and it is simply not true that the Irgun denies these attacks. -- Zero talk 12:22, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
Menachem Begin, The Revolt, page 100.
Our enemies called us terrorists. . . . And yet we were not terrorists. The original Latin word “terror” means fear. If I am not mistaken the term “terror” became current in political terminology during the French Revolution. The revolutionaries began cutting off heads with the guillotine in order to instill fear. Thenceforward the word “terror” came to define acts of revolutionaries or counter-revolutionaries, of fighters for freedom and oppressors. It all depends on who uses the term. It frequently happens that it is used by both sides in their mutual exchange of compliments. The historical and linguistic origins of the political term “terror” prove it cannot be applied to a revolutionary war of liberation. A revolution may give birth to what we call “terror” as happened in France. Terror may sometimes be its herald, as what happened in Russia. But the revolution itself is not terror, and terror is not the revolution. A revolution, or a revolutionary war, does not aim at instilling fear. Its object is to overthrow a regime and to set up a new regime in its place. In a revolutionary war both sides use force. Tyranny is armed. Otherwise it would be liquidated overnight. Fighters for freedom must arm; otherwise they would be crushed overnight. Certainly the use of force also awakens fear. Tyrannous rulers begin to fear for their positions or their lives, or both. And consequently they begin to try to sow fear among those they rule. But the instilling of fear is not an aim in itself. The sole aim on the one side is the overthrow of armed tyranny; on the other it is the perpetuation of that tyranny.
Therefore the much discredited study of perlinger is removed from the LEAD as strict well-poisoning and wrong factual information, and restore to the previous correct version. Amoruso 21:44, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
I'm saying Begin and leaders before him didn't call it "terrorism" as the reference suggests , and yes, acts in the 30's depicted in the article, weren't directed at all for the "liberation of the land". The acts directed for the liberation of land were the acts directed against the British acts during the 1948 war and its early stage. The acts directed against Arabs were retliatory in nature to scare Arabs and to deter them from attacking Jews showing that there will be responses when such attacks occur. They were violent and against innocents no doubt but that was their motive. This is called in hebrew "peulot tagmul" and were also performed by Israel in the early 1950's for exactly the same purpose against fedayeen. Amoruso 12:10, 6 October 2006 (UTC)
Menachem Begin, The Revolt, page 70 (in my 1952 English edition), ch.VI;
Please provide inline citations to an English language for all statements in this article. Andjam ( talk) 12:30, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
Please see the discussion about Irgun at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Israel Palestine Collaboration#Category:Palestinian terrorists and Category:Israeli terrorists. -- Timeshifter ( talk) 16:59, 31 October 2008 (UTC)
The previous text of the entry implied that the Irgun view terrorism as legitimate. They, however, did not; they asserted that their actions were not terrorism. If you want to say that they viewed as legitimate tools tactics that others have called terrorism, that would be a different story. As for whether or not it was terrorism-- you must prove that they purposefully targeted civilians. You have not, nor have Perliger and Weinberg. -- Unisgned —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.160.254.242 ( talk) 00:55, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
Needs more specific date but: Jerusalem Post 4-23-09: On March 30, 1936, the British inaugurated their Palestine Broadcasting Service (PBS), a radio station that operated out of Ramallah and, three years later, moved to this splendid site. The PBS had been broadcasting from Jerusalem for less than two months when underground IZL forces (Irgun Tzvai Leumi) bombed the building and two of the personnel were killed. The British went back to transmitting from Ramallah and, after the State of Israel was declared, this became the home of Israel Radio. CarolMooreDC ( talk) 16:42, 24 April 2009 (UTC)
Current List
Date | Casualties | Comments |
---|---|---|
March, 1937 | 2 Arabs killed on Bat-Yam beach citation needed | - |
April 12, 1938 | 2 Arabs and 2 British policemen were killed by a bomb in a train in Haifa. citation needed | - |
April 17, 1938 | An Arab was killed by a bomb detonated in a cafe in Haifa citation needed | - |
May 17, 1938 | An Arab policeman was killed in an attack on a bus in the Jerusalem- Hebron road. citation needed | - |
May 24, 1938 | 3 Arabs were shot and killed in Haifa. citation needed | - |
June 23, 1938 | 2 Arabs were killed near Tel-Aviv. citation needed | - |
June 27, 1938 | An Arab was killed in the yard of a hospital in Haifa. citation needed | - |
Late June, 1938 | Unspecified number of Arabs killed by a bomb that was thrown into a crowded Arab market place in Jerusalem. [1] | - |
On the same day | an Arab was killed in another attack in Jerusalem. citation needed July 5, 1938 | - |
July 6 1938 | 18 Arabs and 5 Jews were killed by two simultaneous bombs in the Arab Melon market in Haifa. citation needed | - |
On the same day | 5 Arabs were shot and killed during a raid on the village of Biyar 'Adas. citation needed | - |
June 12, 1939 | A post office in Jerusalem was bombed, killing a British bomb expert trying to defuse the bombs. citation needed | - |
June 30, 1939 | An Arab was killed at a marketplace in Jerusalem. citation needed | - |
On the same day | 2 Arabs were shot and killed in Lifta. citation needed | - |
July 3, 1939 | An Arab was killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Haifa. citation needed | - |
July 4, 1939 | 2 Arabs were killed in two attacks in Jerusalem. citation needed | - |
July 20, 1939 | An Arab was killed at a train station in Jaffa. citation needed | - |
On the same day | 3 Arabs were killed in Rehovot. citation needed | - |
August 27, 1939 | 2 British officers were killed by a mine in Jerusalem. citation needed | - |
September 27, 1944 | ~150 Irgun members attacked four British police stations; unknown number of casualties [2] | - |
September 29, 1944 | senior British police officer of the Criminal Intelligence Department assassinated in Jerusalem [2] | - |
July 22, 1946 | King David Hotel Bombing; 91 fatalities, most civilians -- 41 Arabs, 17 Jews, and 15 British [3] | - |
Between 1937- 1946 | During 9 years of attacks, 87+unspecified number of Arabs(1 policeman), 20+unspecified number of British(3 policemen, 2 officers, 1 bomb expert), 22 Jews have been killed in total by Irgun |
Previous List
Date | Casualties | Comments |
---|---|---|
March, 1937 | 2 Arabs killed on Bat-Yam beach citation needed | - |
April 12, 1938 | 2 Arabs and 2 British policemen were killed by a bomb in a train in Haifa. | - |
April 17, 1938 | An Arab was killed by a bomb detonated in a cafe in Haifa | - |
May 17, 1938 | An Arab policeman was killed in an attack on a bus in the Jerusalem- Hebron road. | - |
May 24, 1938 | 3 Arabs were shot and killed in Haifa. | - |
June 23, 1938 | 2 Arabs were killed near Tel-Aviv. | - |
June 26, 1938 | 7 Arabs were killed by a bomb in Jaffa. | - |
June 27, 1938 | An Arab was killed in the yard of a hospital in Haifa. | - |
Late June, 1938 | Unspecified number of Arabs killed by a bomb that was thrown into a crowded Arab market place in Jerusalem. [4] | - |
July 5, 1938 | 7 Arabs were killed in several shooting attacks in Tel-Aviv. | - |
On the same day | 3 Arabs were killed by a bomb detonated in a bus in Jerusalem. | - |
On the same day | an Arab was killed in another attack in Jerusalem. | - |
July 6 1938 | 18 Arabs and 5 Jews were killed by two simultaneous bombs in the Arab Melon market in Haifa. | - |
July 8, 1938 | 4 Arabs were killed by a bomb in Jerusalem. | - |
July 16, 1938 | 10 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Jerusalem. | - |
July 25, 1938 | 53 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Haifa. | - |
August 26, 1938 | 24 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Jaffa. | - |
February 27, 1939 | 33 Arabs were killed in multiple attacks, incl. 24 by bomb in Arab market in Suk Quarter of Haifa and 4 by bomb in Arab vegetable market in Jerusalem. |
- |
May 29, 1939 | 5 Arabs were killed by a mine detonated at the Rex cinema in Jerusalem. | - |
On the same day | 5 Arabs were shot and killed during a raid on the village of Biyar 'Adas. | - |
June 2, 1939 | 5 Arabs were killed by a bomb at the Jaffa Gate in Jerusalem | - |
June 12, 1939 | A post office in Jerusalem was bombed, killing a British bomb expert trying to defuse the bombs. | - |
June 16, 1939 | 6 Arabs were killed in several attacks in Jerusalem. | - |
June 19, 1939 | 20 Arabs were killed by explosives mounted on a donkey at a marketplace in Haifa. | - |
June 29, 1939 | 13 Arabs were killed in multiple shootings during one-hour period. | - |
June 30, 1939 | An Arab was killed at a marketplace in Jerusalem. | - |
On the same day | 2 Arabs were shot and killed in Lifta. | - |
July 3, 1939 | An Arab was killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Haifa. | - |
July 4, 1939 | 2 Arabs were killed in two attacks in Jerusalem. | - |
July 20, 1939 | An Arab was killed at a train station in Jaffa. | - |
On the same day | 6 Arabs were killed in several attacks in Tel-Aviv. | - |
On the same day | 3 Arabs were killed in Rehovot. | - |
August 27, 1939 | 2 British officers were killed by a mine in Jerusalem. | - |
September 27, 1944 | ~150 Irgun members attacked four British police stations; unknown number of casualties [2] | - |
September 29, 1944 | senior British police officer of the Criminal Intelligence Department assassinated in Jerusalem [2] | - |
July 22, 1946 | King David Hotel Bombing; 91 fatalities, most civilians -- 41 Arabs, 17 Jews, and 15 British [5] |
An editor deleted a huge list of attacks. So we should clear out if the attacks are made up as claimed or real first. Kasaalan ( talk) 13:37, 28 April 2009 (UTC)
The massive deletion done by User:Doonizs was completely unjustified. The edit summary says "Made up attacks. Never existed". Below is how the Palestine Post reported one of these "non-existent events". In fact everything in the table came originally from a good source, mostly from a Hebrew source favorable to Etzel, but the individual source of each item was not recorded. Clearly that should be corrected but it is a lot of work. Zero talk 09:33, 13 June 2009 (UTC)
References
Date | Casualties | Comments |
---|---|---|
June 26, 1938 | 7 Arabs were killed by a bomb in Jaffa. | - |
July 5, 1938 | 7 Arabs were killed in several shooting attacks in Tel-Aviv. | - |
On the same day | 3 Arabs were killed by a bomb detonated in a bus in Jerusalem. | - |
July 8, 1938 | 4 Arabs were killed by a bomb in Jerusalem. | - |
July 16, 1938 | 10 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Jerusalem. | - |
July 25, 1938 | 53 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Haifa. | - |
August 26, 1938 | 24 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Jaffa. | - |
February 27, 1939 | 33 Arabs were killed in multiple attacks, incl. 24 by bomb in Arab market in Suk Quarter of Haifa and 4 by bomb in Arab vegetable market in Jerusalem. |
- |
May 29, 1939 | 5 Arabs were killed by a mine detonated at the Rex cinema in Jerusalem. | - |
July 16, 1938 | 10 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Jerusalem. | - |
July 25, 1938 | 53 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Haifa. | - |
August 26, 1938 | 24 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Jaffa. | - |
February 27, 1939 | 33 Arabs were killed in multiple attacks, incl. 24 by bomb in Arab market in Suk Quarter of Haifa and 4 by bomb in Arab vegetable market in Jerusalem. |
- |
May 29, 1939 | 5 Arabs were killed by a mine detonated at the Rex cinema in Jerusalem. | - |
June 2, 1939 | 5 Arabs were killed by a bomb at the Jaffa Gate in Jerusalem | - |
June 16, 1939 | 6 Arabs were killed in several attacks in Jerusalem. | - |
June 19, 1939 | 20 Arabs were killed by explosives mounted on a donkey at a marketplace in Haifa. | - |
June 29, 1939 | 13 Arabs were killed in multiple shootings during one-hour period. | - |
On the same day | 6 Arabs were killed in several attacks in Tel-Aviv. July 20, 1939 |
I will try finding references. Kasaalan ( talk) 12:19, 10 May 2009 (UTC)
Irgun was zionist, why Zionism template removed. Kasaalan ( talk) 18:32, 10 May 2009 (UTC)
Didn't find any current refs but found this source with several new attacks. Any problems with adding?
From: Donald Neff,
Hamas: A Pale Image of the Jewish Irgun And Lehi Gangs,
Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, May/June 2006, pages 14-15
Incidentally, there is a list of Etzel operations in Hebrew here: http://www.etzel.org.il/dates/frame.htm . Since the editor of that site (Lapidot) has Irgun-apologist and academic credentials, I suggest it is reliable to the extent that listing of an operation there means the Irgun admits it. However, absence can mean it is too embarrassing to include. Also, operations are described too briefly for us to use that list directly. Zero talk 05:22, 14 June 2009 (UTC)
Besides the ones I did last night finishing of The Irgun website (and corrections this am) and one or two new ones this am, I could not find other refs down to June 23, 1938. I assume they are in Arie Perliger and Leonard Weinberg (whose web page and I assume book largely call Irgun "Etzel," which should be mentioned in footnote??) and/or Bell and Arens (which one can only search so many times on books.google before they shut you out of searching, dang it.) If someone has either, both, books, maybe they could look? I did notice lots of people are quoting wikipedia on this, often leaving the citation needed note in there.
I did find this ref which I think is ok but others might balk: April 17, 1938 An Arab was killed by a bomb detonated in a cafe in Haifa.
Who are the terrorists?: Aspects of Zionist and Israeli terrorism Page 5, by Muʼassasat al-Dirāsāt al-Filas īnīyah, Arab Women's Information Committee (Beirut, Lebanon), Institut des études palestiniennes (Beyrouth) - 1972 - 74 pages whose search summary reads:March 17, 1937 Four bombs thrown into Arab cafe's in Jaffa; 1 Arab killed,
10 injured.
CarolMooreDC (
talk)
15:50, 23 June 2009 (UTC)
These are in my notes but I'm far from home. Maybe in Milstein. Zero talk 08:13, 12 July 2009 (UTC)
Need: Rome embassy bombing, 1946. Zero talk 12:36, 7 August 2009 (UTC)
Why did you messed up the table and removed comments column out of it. It would be useful for adding references there, or more detail. Kasaalan ( talk) 09:58, 12 July 2009 (UTC)
Nableezy has reverted my following only change: from "107-120 Arabs killed..." to "107-120 Palestinians killed..."
So my question is: what happens just in April 9, 1948 changing the Arabs from February 10, 1948 to the Palestinians?
As I know, (as minimum) in 1948 all the Palestinian Arabs, Jews. Druzes, etc. were referred to as 'Palestinians'.
-
Igorp_lj (
talk)
18:33, 8 August 2009 (UTC)
The following was posted into the article by an anon, I am moving it here:
I agree, it is old. Probably it is OR to prepare such a total ourselves anyway. I'm deleting it. Zero talk 10:19, 14 August 2009 (UTC)
"1938, February 27 33 Arabs were killed in multiple attacks, incl. 24 by bomb in Arab market in Suk Quarter of Haifa and 4 by bomb in Arab vegetable market in Jerusalem." was it in 1938(it should be put higher) or in 1939 ? it should be changed then — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.130.0.14 ( talk) 13:01, 28 September 2011 (UTC)
..is mentioned. WHo or what is it? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.130.0.14 ( talk) 13:14, 28 September 2011 (UTC)
Hi, I changed the name of the article from "List of Irgun attacks" to "List of Irgun operations" in order to broaden the scope of the article; instead of just attacks, now more of their operations can be listed (for example, prison breaks with no casualties).
Also, I am currently working on User:Ethanbas/List of Lehi operations; feel free to help out with that! Ethanbas ( talk) 16:03, 28 May 2017 (UTC)
Incomplete, but published: List of Lehi operations Ethanbas ( talk) 02:30, 29 May 2017 (UTC)
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Warning: active arbitration remedies The contentious topics procedure applies to this article. Parts of this article relate to the Arab–Israeli conflict, which is a contentious topic. Furthermore, the following rules apply when editing the parts of the page related to the contentious topic:
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These incidents may be accurate or not; may be attributable to Etzel or not; may have been authorized by Etzel leadership or not; may involve non-combatants or not. Much more work needs to be done to assess them and bring them to an encyclopedic level.
And since you're doing this work, what about a listing of all attacks against Jews in the same time frame?
-- Leifern 17:19, 2005 Mar 21 (UTC)
It's not simply a list of casualties; it's a list of incidents that resulted in casualties. I don't doubt that you've derived these from a book you found, but I haven't had time to ascertain whether this book is accurate. For one thing, a lot has been uncovered sine 1951; such as who perpetrated what attacks. I think it's highly relevant to explain what provoked the attacks. As for my point that things aren't on the web, you're kidding, right? There are countless fraudulent, false, and slanderous allegations against Israel on the web - I can't imagine that the many enemies of Etzel (which, btw, include Israelis on the left wing) would let any opportunity go by to document allegations of Etzel atrocities/attacks. -- Leifern 13:50, 2005 Mar 22 (UTC)
Let me stipulate a few facts here, just so you understand my skepticism:
-- Leifern 14:15, 2005 Mar 25 (UTC)
The archives of the Irgun are available on microfiche in quite a few libraries (published by Zug). There is at least one fairly extensive list of operations in there which I have seen. I will soon look again at the copy in my library, but my Hebrew is not great (a euphemism for bloody awful). I expect the compilation here is pretty close to the facts, since the incidents apparently did occur (I checked a random selection in a newspaper archive) and the Irgun was doing precisely this type of thing at the time. I don't think a dispute tag is appropriate without even a single explicit example of a disputed fact. -- Zero 10:23, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)
Actually this list is quite incomplete and the figure of 250 is way too low. There are already 267 listed here despite major operations being missing and the casualty figures for some being too low. I'll add some more with citations. -- Zero 05:42, 14 August 2005 (UTC)
However, my checking (still only covering a fraction of the list) found two death counts exaggerated. In particular, the figure of 78 given in one place was for all casualties, not only deaths. Looking through the newspapers, a considerable number of lesser incidents such as individual shootings, small bombs, etc, can be seen to have caused quite a lot of deaths in total. However, there is no algorithm for knowing which were perpetrated by Irgun members even though probably many were. -- Zero 07:11, 14 August 2005 (UTC)
Irgun attacks on Arab targets began in September 1937, not in November. Already on Sep 2 the Palestine Post noted the apparent emergence of Jewish reprisal attacks, and several sources mention an attack which killed 13 Arabs in "early September". All add details if/when I can find them. -- Zero 08:08, 14 August 2005 (UTC)
The Bowyer Bell book I added to the references of Zionist Terrorism is an accessible source and confirmation for some of these attacks, with background. I'll add some stuff here tomorrow maybe.-- John Z 09:37, 14 August 2005 (UTC)
Well done! I collected the original info from just one source - the book by the Irgun militants, to illustrate the extent of Irgun attacks against Arab civilians. This online searchable Palestine Post site is quite a find!-- Doron 08:45, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
This article would be improved by a sentence indicating WHY the Irgun was formed. It was a response to Arab attacks on Jews. The article as it stands lacks context. Labellesanslebete ( talk) 12:55, 7 July 2009 (UTC)
The whole attribution is questionable. The Irgun website which takes pride at its actions during the fight for Israel's independence, shows that most of these attacks, if they indeed EVER took place were not done by the Irgun. The whole article is a mere accusation, because Irgun denies those attacks to this very day. 217.132.77.167 17:57, 4 November 2005 (UTC)
The Irgun was disbanded in 1948, so how can it have a website in 2006? Of course the answer is that the website is one that someone has created in memory/honor of the Irgun. What they have chosen to admit or not admit there has no bearing on the truth. Their motivation for not listing the attacks of the 1930s is pretty obvious anyway. But enough of irrelevant websites, the important thing is whether the Irgun did these attacks or not (the fact that the attacks happened at all is easily checked in a newspaper archive). Doron initialised the list based on the Hebrew book he cited in the article and it remains much the same now except that we corrected some of the details from newspaper reports. (Christophe: that is not original research, everything here is based on verifiable published sources.) Doron's book does not give an extreme viewpoint, but the viewpoint long ago admitted by the Irgun and accepted by historians. Now I'll give some sources for this statement.
One place to start in English is Bowyer-Bell's book "Terror out of Zion" which lists many of these attacks based on interviews with Irgun members. An example of an Irgun admission is the book "Years of Wrath, Days of Glory; Memoirs of the Irgun" by Yitshaq Ben-Ami (who was an Irgun member for almost the whole time it existed). Some quotations:
On the 27th [of Feb 1939], which came to be known as "the Black Day," the Irgun set off bombs in Haifa, Jerusalem and Tel-Aviv. The casualties numbered over a hundred. (p229)
Irgun attacks on Arab market places received harsh criticism at home and abroad, but we knew that weapons were being smuggled into Palestine in vegetable trucks. (p231)
Next I'll give some general statements by historians. Yehuda Bauer wrote in "From Diplomacy to Resistance", Jewish Publication Society, 1970:
During the period of command over Etzel by Moshe Rosenberg and David Raziel, a great many assaults (some of them en masse) were carried out against Arab bystanders and shoppers: men, women, and children (November 1937-July 1939). (p14)
Nicholas Bethel wrote in "The Palestine Triangle":
Their [the Irgun's] own pamphlets boast of the indiscriminate killing of Arabs, listed day by day, and go on to claim that the murderers are 'those who saved the honour of Israel', that their acts were 'fighting acts of persons who believe that the Jewish kingdom will be created by force, after having overpowered the Arab enemy in the battle'. (p124)
There are many similar statements in history books, but I'll conclude with a much more explicit statement. The following is from "Jewish Self-Defence and Terrorist Groups Prior to the Establishment of the State of ISRAEL: Roots and Traditions" published in the peer-reviewed journal Totalitarian Movements & Political Religions, Vol 4, 3 (2003) 91-118 by Arie Perliger (Department of Political Science at the University of Haifa) and Leonard Weinberg (University of Nevada):
In fact, the Etzel leaders did choose a terrorist approach, that is, conducting operations that had political goals, intended to establish a reign of terror by carrying out arbitrary attacks on the Arab population, such as the killing of two Palestinian workers in a banana plantation on 20 April 1936, followed two days later by shooting and the throwing of a grenade at Arab passers-by in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. Between 1936 and 1939, the Etzel continued to conduct terrorist activities while methodically attempting to provide a rational justification for the violence by calling it retaliation for Arab attacks; for example, the shooting at a passenger train in August 1936 was justified as a response to the shooting at civilian Jews in Tel Aviv a day earlier by Arabs. Soon, however, the Etzel abandoned this policy line and announced a terrorist campaign intended to provide a suitable response to the ‘Arab Uprising’. This approach reflected the Etzel’s world view, which considered political violence and terrorism legitimate tools in the Jewish national struggle for the Land of Israel. The Etzel’s terrorist campaign against the Arab population lasted until the end of the ‘Arab Uprising’ in 1939 and included more than 60 attacks. An attempt to characterise the Etzel’s activities in this period leads us to note its four major tactics: assassination attempts, attacks on transportation routes, shootings, and the use of explosive devices. More specifically, its first course of action was random assassination of Arab labour workers or passers-by. These attacks occurred in various cities (such as the shooting at Arabs in the downtown area of Haifa in June 1938, and a month later at Arabs walking near the Sheari Tzedek Hospital in Jerusalem) as well as at more isolated areas (such as the killing of two Arabs on the beach in Bat-Yam in March 1937, and the killing of two other Arabs in the fields near the Hefer valley that same month). Encouraged by its success and the experience accumulated by its members, the Etzel expanded its range of activities to include ambushes and systematic attacks on major transportation arteries (shooting at a bus with Arab passengers in July 1938, throwing explosives at another bus in September 1937, shooting at a truck with an Arab driver in November 1937), and shooting attacks on Arab population centres (using a semi-machine gun and throwing a grenade at an Arab coffee shop in Jerusalem in November 1937, throwing explosives at another coffee shop in Haifa in April 1937, and the use of a semi-automatic machine gun to shoot at an Arab group in Haifa in May of 1939). The organisation also expanded its tactics to include the detonation of explosives by remote control. The most dramatic act in this regard was the planting of a mine in the Arab market in Haifa in July 1938, an attack which resulted in the death of more than 70 Arabs.
(The last one had 70 casualties, not 70 deaths.) Perliger and Weinberg's sources for this section are informative: one is volume 2 of the 6-volume "official history" by former Irgun member David Niv: "Battle for Freedom: The Irgun Zvai Leumi" (Tel Aviv: Klausner Institute, 1966). The other two are published by organizations associated with the Irgun: Joseph Kister, "The National Military Organization, 1931–1948" (Tel Aviv: Etzel Museum, 1998) and Yitzhak Alfasi, "The National Military Organization Sources and Documents" (Tel Aviv: Jabotinski Institute, 1992). In other words, their information comes directly or indirectly from Irgun sources, and it is simply not true that the Irgun denies these attacks. -- Zero talk 12:22, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
Menachem Begin, The Revolt, page 100.
Our enemies called us terrorists. . . . And yet we were not terrorists. The original Latin word “terror” means fear. If I am not mistaken the term “terror” became current in political terminology during the French Revolution. The revolutionaries began cutting off heads with the guillotine in order to instill fear. Thenceforward the word “terror” came to define acts of revolutionaries or counter-revolutionaries, of fighters for freedom and oppressors. It all depends on who uses the term. It frequently happens that it is used by both sides in their mutual exchange of compliments. The historical and linguistic origins of the political term “terror” prove it cannot be applied to a revolutionary war of liberation. A revolution may give birth to what we call “terror” as happened in France. Terror may sometimes be its herald, as what happened in Russia. But the revolution itself is not terror, and terror is not the revolution. A revolution, or a revolutionary war, does not aim at instilling fear. Its object is to overthrow a regime and to set up a new regime in its place. In a revolutionary war both sides use force. Tyranny is armed. Otherwise it would be liquidated overnight. Fighters for freedom must arm; otherwise they would be crushed overnight. Certainly the use of force also awakens fear. Tyrannous rulers begin to fear for their positions or their lives, or both. And consequently they begin to try to sow fear among those they rule. But the instilling of fear is not an aim in itself. The sole aim on the one side is the overthrow of armed tyranny; on the other it is the perpetuation of that tyranny.
Therefore the much discredited study of perlinger is removed from the LEAD as strict well-poisoning and wrong factual information, and restore to the previous correct version. Amoruso 21:44, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
I'm saying Begin and leaders before him didn't call it "terrorism" as the reference suggests , and yes, acts in the 30's depicted in the article, weren't directed at all for the "liberation of the land". The acts directed for the liberation of land were the acts directed against the British acts during the 1948 war and its early stage. The acts directed against Arabs were retliatory in nature to scare Arabs and to deter them from attacking Jews showing that there will be responses when such attacks occur. They were violent and against innocents no doubt but that was their motive. This is called in hebrew "peulot tagmul" and were also performed by Israel in the early 1950's for exactly the same purpose against fedayeen. Amoruso 12:10, 6 October 2006 (UTC)
Menachem Begin, The Revolt, page 70 (in my 1952 English edition), ch.VI;
Please provide inline citations to an English language for all statements in this article. Andjam ( talk) 12:30, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
Please see the discussion about Irgun at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Israel Palestine Collaboration#Category:Palestinian terrorists and Category:Israeli terrorists. -- Timeshifter ( talk) 16:59, 31 October 2008 (UTC)
The previous text of the entry implied that the Irgun view terrorism as legitimate. They, however, did not; they asserted that their actions were not terrorism. If you want to say that they viewed as legitimate tools tactics that others have called terrorism, that would be a different story. As for whether or not it was terrorism-- you must prove that they purposefully targeted civilians. You have not, nor have Perliger and Weinberg. -- Unisgned —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.160.254.242 ( talk) 00:55, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
Needs more specific date but: Jerusalem Post 4-23-09: On March 30, 1936, the British inaugurated their Palestine Broadcasting Service (PBS), a radio station that operated out of Ramallah and, three years later, moved to this splendid site. The PBS had been broadcasting from Jerusalem for less than two months when underground IZL forces (Irgun Tzvai Leumi) bombed the building and two of the personnel were killed. The British went back to transmitting from Ramallah and, after the State of Israel was declared, this became the home of Israel Radio. CarolMooreDC ( talk) 16:42, 24 April 2009 (UTC)
Current List
Date | Casualties | Comments |
---|---|---|
March, 1937 | 2 Arabs killed on Bat-Yam beach citation needed | - |
April 12, 1938 | 2 Arabs and 2 British policemen were killed by a bomb in a train in Haifa. citation needed | - |
April 17, 1938 | An Arab was killed by a bomb detonated in a cafe in Haifa citation needed | - |
May 17, 1938 | An Arab policeman was killed in an attack on a bus in the Jerusalem- Hebron road. citation needed | - |
May 24, 1938 | 3 Arabs were shot and killed in Haifa. citation needed | - |
June 23, 1938 | 2 Arabs were killed near Tel-Aviv. citation needed | - |
June 27, 1938 | An Arab was killed in the yard of a hospital in Haifa. citation needed | - |
Late June, 1938 | Unspecified number of Arabs killed by a bomb that was thrown into a crowded Arab market place in Jerusalem. [1] | - |
On the same day | an Arab was killed in another attack in Jerusalem. citation needed July 5, 1938 | - |
July 6 1938 | 18 Arabs and 5 Jews were killed by two simultaneous bombs in the Arab Melon market in Haifa. citation needed | - |
On the same day | 5 Arabs were shot and killed during a raid on the village of Biyar 'Adas. citation needed | - |
June 12, 1939 | A post office in Jerusalem was bombed, killing a British bomb expert trying to defuse the bombs. citation needed | - |
June 30, 1939 | An Arab was killed at a marketplace in Jerusalem. citation needed | - |
On the same day | 2 Arabs were shot and killed in Lifta. citation needed | - |
July 3, 1939 | An Arab was killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Haifa. citation needed | - |
July 4, 1939 | 2 Arabs were killed in two attacks in Jerusalem. citation needed | - |
July 20, 1939 | An Arab was killed at a train station in Jaffa. citation needed | - |
On the same day | 3 Arabs were killed in Rehovot. citation needed | - |
August 27, 1939 | 2 British officers were killed by a mine in Jerusalem. citation needed | - |
September 27, 1944 | ~150 Irgun members attacked four British police stations; unknown number of casualties [2] | - |
September 29, 1944 | senior British police officer of the Criminal Intelligence Department assassinated in Jerusalem [2] | - |
July 22, 1946 | King David Hotel Bombing; 91 fatalities, most civilians -- 41 Arabs, 17 Jews, and 15 British [3] | - |
Between 1937- 1946 | During 9 years of attacks, 87+unspecified number of Arabs(1 policeman), 20+unspecified number of British(3 policemen, 2 officers, 1 bomb expert), 22 Jews have been killed in total by Irgun |
Previous List
Date | Casualties | Comments |
---|---|---|
March, 1937 | 2 Arabs killed on Bat-Yam beach citation needed | - |
April 12, 1938 | 2 Arabs and 2 British policemen were killed by a bomb in a train in Haifa. | - |
April 17, 1938 | An Arab was killed by a bomb detonated in a cafe in Haifa | - |
May 17, 1938 | An Arab policeman was killed in an attack on a bus in the Jerusalem- Hebron road. | - |
May 24, 1938 | 3 Arabs were shot and killed in Haifa. | - |
June 23, 1938 | 2 Arabs were killed near Tel-Aviv. | - |
June 26, 1938 | 7 Arabs were killed by a bomb in Jaffa. | - |
June 27, 1938 | An Arab was killed in the yard of a hospital in Haifa. | - |
Late June, 1938 | Unspecified number of Arabs killed by a bomb that was thrown into a crowded Arab market place in Jerusalem. [4] | - |
July 5, 1938 | 7 Arabs were killed in several shooting attacks in Tel-Aviv. | - |
On the same day | 3 Arabs were killed by a bomb detonated in a bus in Jerusalem. | - |
On the same day | an Arab was killed in another attack in Jerusalem. | - |
July 6 1938 | 18 Arabs and 5 Jews were killed by two simultaneous bombs in the Arab Melon market in Haifa. | - |
July 8, 1938 | 4 Arabs were killed by a bomb in Jerusalem. | - |
July 16, 1938 | 10 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Jerusalem. | - |
July 25, 1938 | 53 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Haifa. | - |
August 26, 1938 | 24 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Jaffa. | - |
February 27, 1939 | 33 Arabs were killed in multiple attacks, incl. 24 by bomb in Arab market in Suk Quarter of Haifa and 4 by bomb in Arab vegetable market in Jerusalem. |
- |
May 29, 1939 | 5 Arabs were killed by a mine detonated at the Rex cinema in Jerusalem. | - |
On the same day | 5 Arabs were shot and killed during a raid on the village of Biyar 'Adas. | - |
June 2, 1939 | 5 Arabs were killed by a bomb at the Jaffa Gate in Jerusalem | - |
June 12, 1939 | A post office in Jerusalem was bombed, killing a British bomb expert trying to defuse the bombs. | - |
June 16, 1939 | 6 Arabs were killed in several attacks in Jerusalem. | - |
June 19, 1939 | 20 Arabs were killed by explosives mounted on a donkey at a marketplace in Haifa. | - |
June 29, 1939 | 13 Arabs were killed in multiple shootings during one-hour period. | - |
June 30, 1939 | An Arab was killed at a marketplace in Jerusalem. | - |
On the same day | 2 Arabs were shot and killed in Lifta. | - |
July 3, 1939 | An Arab was killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Haifa. | - |
July 4, 1939 | 2 Arabs were killed in two attacks in Jerusalem. | - |
July 20, 1939 | An Arab was killed at a train station in Jaffa. | - |
On the same day | 6 Arabs were killed in several attacks in Tel-Aviv. | - |
On the same day | 3 Arabs were killed in Rehovot. | - |
August 27, 1939 | 2 British officers were killed by a mine in Jerusalem. | - |
September 27, 1944 | ~150 Irgun members attacked four British police stations; unknown number of casualties [2] | - |
September 29, 1944 | senior British police officer of the Criminal Intelligence Department assassinated in Jerusalem [2] | - |
July 22, 1946 | King David Hotel Bombing; 91 fatalities, most civilians -- 41 Arabs, 17 Jews, and 15 British [5] |
An editor deleted a huge list of attacks. So we should clear out if the attacks are made up as claimed or real first. Kasaalan ( talk) 13:37, 28 April 2009 (UTC)
The massive deletion done by User:Doonizs was completely unjustified. The edit summary says "Made up attacks. Never existed". Below is how the Palestine Post reported one of these "non-existent events". In fact everything in the table came originally from a good source, mostly from a Hebrew source favorable to Etzel, but the individual source of each item was not recorded. Clearly that should be corrected but it is a lot of work. Zero talk 09:33, 13 June 2009 (UTC)
References
Date | Casualties | Comments |
---|---|---|
June 26, 1938 | 7 Arabs were killed by a bomb in Jaffa. | - |
July 5, 1938 | 7 Arabs were killed in several shooting attacks in Tel-Aviv. | - |
On the same day | 3 Arabs were killed by a bomb detonated in a bus in Jerusalem. | - |
July 8, 1938 | 4 Arabs were killed by a bomb in Jerusalem. | - |
July 16, 1938 | 10 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Jerusalem. | - |
July 25, 1938 | 53 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Haifa. | - |
August 26, 1938 | 24 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Jaffa. | - |
February 27, 1939 | 33 Arabs were killed in multiple attacks, incl. 24 by bomb in Arab market in Suk Quarter of Haifa and 4 by bomb in Arab vegetable market in Jerusalem. |
- |
May 29, 1939 | 5 Arabs were killed by a mine detonated at the Rex cinema in Jerusalem. | - |
July 16, 1938 | 10 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Jerusalem. | - |
July 25, 1938 | 53 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Haifa. | - |
August 26, 1938 | 24 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Jaffa. | - |
February 27, 1939 | 33 Arabs were killed in multiple attacks, incl. 24 by bomb in Arab market in Suk Quarter of Haifa and 4 by bomb in Arab vegetable market in Jerusalem. |
- |
May 29, 1939 | 5 Arabs were killed by a mine detonated at the Rex cinema in Jerusalem. | - |
June 2, 1939 | 5 Arabs were killed by a bomb at the Jaffa Gate in Jerusalem | - |
June 16, 1939 | 6 Arabs were killed in several attacks in Jerusalem. | - |
June 19, 1939 | 20 Arabs were killed by explosives mounted on a donkey at a marketplace in Haifa. | - |
June 29, 1939 | 13 Arabs were killed in multiple shootings during one-hour period. | - |
On the same day | 6 Arabs were killed in several attacks in Tel-Aviv. July 20, 1939 |
I will try finding references. Kasaalan ( talk) 12:19, 10 May 2009 (UTC)
Irgun was zionist, why Zionism template removed. Kasaalan ( talk) 18:32, 10 May 2009 (UTC)
Didn't find any current refs but found this source with several new attacks. Any problems with adding?
From: Donald Neff,
Hamas: A Pale Image of the Jewish Irgun And Lehi Gangs,
Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, May/June 2006, pages 14-15
Incidentally, there is a list of Etzel operations in Hebrew here: http://www.etzel.org.il/dates/frame.htm . Since the editor of that site (Lapidot) has Irgun-apologist and academic credentials, I suggest it is reliable to the extent that listing of an operation there means the Irgun admits it. However, absence can mean it is too embarrassing to include. Also, operations are described too briefly for us to use that list directly. Zero talk 05:22, 14 June 2009 (UTC)
Besides the ones I did last night finishing of The Irgun website (and corrections this am) and one or two new ones this am, I could not find other refs down to June 23, 1938. I assume they are in Arie Perliger and Leonard Weinberg (whose web page and I assume book largely call Irgun "Etzel," which should be mentioned in footnote??) and/or Bell and Arens (which one can only search so many times on books.google before they shut you out of searching, dang it.) If someone has either, both, books, maybe they could look? I did notice lots of people are quoting wikipedia on this, often leaving the citation needed note in there.
I did find this ref which I think is ok but others might balk: April 17, 1938 An Arab was killed by a bomb detonated in a cafe in Haifa.
Who are the terrorists?: Aspects of Zionist and Israeli terrorism Page 5, by Muʼassasat al-Dirāsāt al-Filas īnīyah, Arab Women's Information Committee (Beirut, Lebanon), Institut des études palestiniennes (Beyrouth) - 1972 - 74 pages whose search summary reads:March 17, 1937 Four bombs thrown into Arab cafe's in Jaffa; 1 Arab killed,
10 injured.
CarolMooreDC (
talk)
15:50, 23 June 2009 (UTC)
These are in my notes but I'm far from home. Maybe in Milstein. Zero talk 08:13, 12 July 2009 (UTC)
Need: Rome embassy bombing, 1946. Zero talk 12:36, 7 August 2009 (UTC)
Why did you messed up the table and removed comments column out of it. It would be useful for adding references there, or more detail. Kasaalan ( talk) 09:58, 12 July 2009 (UTC)
Nableezy has reverted my following only change: from "107-120 Arabs killed..." to "107-120 Palestinians killed..."
So my question is: what happens just in April 9, 1948 changing the Arabs from February 10, 1948 to the Palestinians?
As I know, (as minimum) in 1948 all the Palestinian Arabs, Jews. Druzes, etc. were referred to as 'Palestinians'.
-
Igorp_lj (
talk)
18:33, 8 August 2009 (UTC)
The following was posted into the article by an anon, I am moving it here:
I agree, it is old. Probably it is OR to prepare such a total ourselves anyway. I'm deleting it. Zero talk 10:19, 14 August 2009 (UTC)
"1938, February 27 33 Arabs were killed in multiple attacks, incl. 24 by bomb in Arab market in Suk Quarter of Haifa and 4 by bomb in Arab vegetable market in Jerusalem." was it in 1938(it should be put higher) or in 1939 ? it should be changed then — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.130.0.14 ( talk) 13:01, 28 September 2011 (UTC)
..is mentioned. WHo or what is it? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.130.0.14 ( talk) 13:14, 28 September 2011 (UTC)
Hi, I changed the name of the article from "List of Irgun attacks" to "List of Irgun operations" in order to broaden the scope of the article; instead of just attacks, now more of their operations can be listed (for example, prison breaks with no casualties).
Also, I am currently working on User:Ethanbas/List of Lehi operations; feel free to help out with that! Ethanbas ( talk) 16:03, 28 May 2017 (UTC)
Incomplete, but published: List of Lehi operations Ethanbas ( talk) 02:30, 29 May 2017 (UTC)
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