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Morocco–Poland relations
Map indicating locations of Morocco and Poland

Morocco
Poland

Morocco–Poland relations are bilateral relations between Morocco and Poland. Both nations are full members of the World Trade Organization, the Union for the Mediterranean and the United Nations.

History

Jan Potocki, considered the first Polish envoy to Morocco

There are several similarities between Morocco and Poland, as both countries were founded in the Middle Ages, both were middle powers in Northwest Africa and Central Europe, respectively, and both, at different times, rose to great power status, [1] [2] [3] yet for centuries there were no official relations given the separating distance. Polish Enlightenment writer and traveller Jan Potocki is considered the first Polish envoy to Morocco. [4] Relations, however, were not developed, as Poland soon lost its independence due to the Partitions of Poland, a fate shared by Morocco in 1912. Following the restoration of independent Poland after World War I, an honorary consulate of Poland was located in Casablanca from 1931 to 1945. [5]

Polish and Moroccan troops both fought against Nazi Germany in World War II. Moroccan prisoners of war were held by the Germans alike Polish and other Allied POWs in the Stalag II-B, Stalag II-D, Stalag VIII-C and Stalag XXI-A POW camps, located in Czarne, Stargard, Ć»agaƄ and OstrzeszĂłw, respectively. [6] [7] [8] [9] Both Moroccan and Polish POWs were subjected to poor treatment by the Germans, who regarded them as " racially inferior". [10] Poles and Moroccans were part of the large Allied coalition in the Battle of Monte Cassino of 1944. [11]

Diplomatic relations were established in 1959, following the restoration of Moroccan independence. A cultural cooperation agreement between Morocco and Poland was signed in Rabat in 1969, [12] replaced by a new agreement in 2013. [13]

Modern relations

Visit of Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs of Morocco Latifa Akherbach in the Senate of Poland in 2008

In 1994, a double tax avoidance agreement was signed between the two countries in Rabat. [14]

In January 2010, Abbas El Fassi became the first Moroccan Prime Minister to pay an official visit to Poland. [15] In April 2010, Abbas El Fassi attended the state funeral of Lech and Maria KaczyƄski in KrakĂłw despite the air travel disruption after the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption. [15]

One of the fields of cooperation between Poland and Morocco is archaeology. In 2022, Poles and Moroccans jointly discovered an ancient Roman observation tower in Volubilis, the first such tower to be discovered in Morocco. [16]

Poland sent two rescue squads to help the relief operation after the 2023 Marrakesh–Safi earthquake in Morocco. [17]

Diplomatic missions

Embassy of Morocco in Warsaw

References

  1. ^ Grant, R. G. (2017). 1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History. Chartwell Books. p. 214. ISBN  978-0-7858-3553-0.
  2. ^ Kort, Michael (2001). The Handbook of the New Eastern Europe. Brookfield, Connecticut. pp. 39–40.{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link)
  3. ^ Eckhardt, William (1992). Civilizations, Empires, and Wars: A Quantitative History of War. p. 113.
  4. ^ ""PodrĂłĆŒ do Cesarstwa MarokaƄskiego w 1791 r."". dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  5. ^ Ceranka, PaweƂ; Szczepanik, Krzysztof (2020). Urzędy konsularne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 1918–1945. Informator archiwalny (in Polish). Warszawa: Naczelna Dyrekcja ArchiwĂłw PaƄstwowych, Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych. p. 97. ISBN  978-83-65681-93-5.
  6. ^ Aniszewska, Jolanta (2011). "W obowiązku pamięci... Stalag II D i formy upamiętnienia jeƄcĂłw wojennych w Stargardzie SzczeciƄskim". Ɓambinowicki rocznik muzealny (in Polish). 34. Opole: 16. ISSN  0137-5199.
  7. ^ Stanek, Piotr; TerpiƄska-Greszczeszyn, Justyna (2011). "W cieniu "wielkiej ucieczki". Kompleks obozow jenieckich Sagan (1939–1945)". Ɓambinowicki rocznik muzealny (in Polish). 34. Opole: 128. ISSN  0137-5199.
  8. ^ Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, RĂŒdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 394. ISBN  978-0-253-06089-1.
  9. ^ Graf, WƂadysƂaw (1992). "OstrzeszĂłw: obozy jenieckie okresu 1939–1940. Częƛć 1". Zeszyty Ostrzeszowskie (in Polish). No. 15. Ostrzeszowskie Centrum Kultury. p. 11.
  10. ^ Aniszewska, p. 14
  11. ^ Polish Victory. Monte Cassino May 11–19, 1944. Warsaw: Wojskowy Instytut Wydawniczy. 2022. p. 2.
  12. ^ Umowa kulturalna między Rządem Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej a Rządem KrĂłlestwa Maroka, podpisana w Rabacie dnia 30 paĆșdziernika 1969 r., Dz. U. z 1976 r. Nr 37, poz. 218
  13. ^ Umowa między Rządem Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej a Rządem Królestwa MarokaƄskiego o wspóƂpracy w dziedzinie kultury, nauki i edukacji, podpisana w Warszawie dnia 7 kwietnia 2004 r., Dz. U. z 2014 r. poz. 165
  14. ^ Konwencja między Rządem Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej a Rządem KrĂłlestwa Maroka w sprawie unikania podwĂłjnego opodatkowania i zapobiegania uchylaniu się od opodatkowania w zakresie podatkĂłw od dochodu i majątku, sporządzona w Rabacie dnia 24 paĆșdziernika 1994 r., Dz. U. z 1996 r. Nr 110, poz. 529
  15. ^ a b "Premier Maroka nie przestraszyƂ się pyƂu". Rzeczpospolita (in Polish). 19 April 2010. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  16. ^ "Maroko / Polscy archeolodzy wspóƂodkrywcami wojskowej wieĆŒy z czasĂłw rzymskich". PAP MediaRoom (in Polish). 23 November 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  17. ^ "Dwie pierwsze grupy polskich ratowników rozpoczęƂy dziaƂania w Maroku". Radio Kraków (in Polish). 11 September 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  18. ^ "Konsulaty honorowe". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 11 December 2023.
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Morocco–Poland_relations&oldid=1189365605"
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Morocco–Poland relations
Map indicating locations of Morocco and Poland

Morocco
Poland

Morocco–Poland relations are bilateral relations between Morocco and Poland. Both nations are full members of the World Trade Organization, the Union for the Mediterranean and the United Nations.

History

Jan Potocki, considered the first Polish envoy to Morocco

There are several similarities between Morocco and Poland, as both countries were founded in the Middle Ages, both were middle powers in Northwest Africa and Central Europe, respectively, and both, at different times, rose to great power status, [1] [2] [3] yet for centuries there were no official relations given the separating distance. Polish Enlightenment writer and traveller Jan Potocki is considered the first Polish envoy to Morocco. [4] Relations, however, were not developed, as Poland soon lost its independence due to the Partitions of Poland, a fate shared by Morocco in 1912. Following the restoration of independent Poland after World War I, an honorary consulate of Poland was located in Casablanca from 1931 to 1945. [5]

Polish and Moroccan troops both fought against Nazi Germany in World War II. Moroccan prisoners of war were held by the Germans alike Polish and other Allied POWs in the Stalag II-B, Stalag II-D, Stalag VIII-C and Stalag XXI-A POW camps, located in Czarne, Stargard, Ć»agaƄ and OstrzeszĂłw, respectively. [6] [7] [8] [9] Both Moroccan and Polish POWs were subjected to poor treatment by the Germans, who regarded them as " racially inferior". [10] Poles and Moroccans were part of the large Allied coalition in the Battle of Monte Cassino of 1944. [11]

Diplomatic relations were established in 1959, following the restoration of Moroccan independence. A cultural cooperation agreement between Morocco and Poland was signed in Rabat in 1969, [12] replaced by a new agreement in 2013. [13]

Modern relations

Visit of Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs of Morocco Latifa Akherbach in the Senate of Poland in 2008

In 1994, a double tax avoidance agreement was signed between the two countries in Rabat. [14]

In January 2010, Abbas El Fassi became the first Moroccan Prime Minister to pay an official visit to Poland. [15] In April 2010, Abbas El Fassi attended the state funeral of Lech and Maria KaczyƄski in KrakĂłw despite the air travel disruption after the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption. [15]

One of the fields of cooperation between Poland and Morocco is archaeology. In 2022, Poles and Moroccans jointly discovered an ancient Roman observation tower in Volubilis, the first such tower to be discovered in Morocco. [16]

Poland sent two rescue squads to help the relief operation after the 2023 Marrakesh–Safi earthquake in Morocco. [17]

Diplomatic missions

Embassy of Morocco in Warsaw

References

  1. ^ Grant, R. G. (2017). 1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History. Chartwell Books. p. 214. ISBN  978-0-7858-3553-0.
  2. ^ Kort, Michael (2001). The Handbook of the New Eastern Europe. Brookfield, Connecticut. pp. 39–40.{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link)
  3. ^ Eckhardt, William (1992). Civilizations, Empires, and Wars: A Quantitative History of War. p. 113.
  4. ^ ""PodrĂłĆŒ do Cesarstwa MarokaƄskiego w 1791 r."". dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  5. ^ Ceranka, PaweƂ; Szczepanik, Krzysztof (2020). Urzędy konsularne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 1918–1945. Informator archiwalny (in Polish). Warszawa: Naczelna Dyrekcja ArchiwĂłw PaƄstwowych, Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych. p. 97. ISBN  978-83-65681-93-5.
  6. ^ Aniszewska, Jolanta (2011). "W obowiązku pamięci... Stalag II D i formy upamiętnienia jeƄcĂłw wojennych w Stargardzie SzczeciƄskim". Ɓambinowicki rocznik muzealny (in Polish). 34. Opole: 16. ISSN  0137-5199.
  7. ^ Stanek, Piotr; TerpiƄska-Greszczeszyn, Justyna (2011). "W cieniu "wielkiej ucieczki". Kompleks obozow jenieckich Sagan (1939–1945)". Ɓambinowicki rocznik muzealny (in Polish). 34. Opole: 128. ISSN  0137-5199.
  8. ^ Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, RĂŒdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 394. ISBN  978-0-253-06089-1.
  9. ^ Graf, WƂadysƂaw (1992). "OstrzeszĂłw: obozy jenieckie okresu 1939–1940. Częƛć 1". Zeszyty Ostrzeszowskie (in Polish). No. 15. Ostrzeszowskie Centrum Kultury. p. 11.
  10. ^ Aniszewska, p. 14
  11. ^ Polish Victory. Monte Cassino May 11–19, 1944. Warsaw: Wojskowy Instytut Wydawniczy. 2022. p. 2.
  12. ^ Umowa kulturalna między Rządem Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej a Rządem KrĂłlestwa Maroka, podpisana w Rabacie dnia 30 paĆșdziernika 1969 r., Dz. U. z 1976 r. Nr 37, poz. 218
  13. ^ Umowa między Rządem Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej a Rządem Królestwa MarokaƄskiego o wspóƂpracy w dziedzinie kultury, nauki i edukacji, podpisana w Warszawie dnia 7 kwietnia 2004 r., Dz. U. z 2014 r. poz. 165
  14. ^ Konwencja między Rządem Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej a Rządem KrĂłlestwa Maroka w sprawie unikania podwĂłjnego opodatkowania i zapobiegania uchylaniu się od opodatkowania w zakresie podatkĂłw od dochodu i majątku, sporządzona w Rabacie dnia 24 paĆșdziernika 1994 r., Dz. U. z 1996 r. Nr 110, poz. 529
  15. ^ a b "Premier Maroka nie przestraszyƂ się pyƂu". Rzeczpospolita (in Polish). 19 April 2010. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  16. ^ "Maroko / Polscy archeolodzy wspóƂodkrywcami wojskowej wieĆŒy z czasĂłw rzymskich". PAP MediaRoom (in Polish). 23 November 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  17. ^ "Dwie pierwsze grupy polskich ratowników rozpoczęƂy dziaƂania w Maroku". Radio Kraków (in Polish). 11 September 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  18. ^ "Konsulaty honorowe". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 11 December 2023.
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Morocco–Poland_relations&oldid=1189365605"

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