The "Cake of Kings", a 1773 engraving by Jean-Michel Moreau le Jeune
The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of
three partitions that ended the existence of the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. Growth in the
Russian Empire's power, threatening the
Kingdom of Prussia and the
Habsburg Austrian Empire, was the primary motive behind this first
partition. The weakened Commonwealth's land, including that already controlled by Russia, was apportioned among its more powerful neighbors—Austria, Russia and Prussia—so as to restore the regional
balance of power in Eastern Europe among those three countries. With Poland unable to effectively defend itself and with foreign troops already inside the country, the Polish parliament ratified the partition in 1773 during the
Partition Sejm convened by the three powers. (Full article...)
A Polish Nobleman is a widely accepted title of the portrait of a middle-aged man of uncertain identity, dressed in the garb of a
Polish nobleman, painted by the Dutch artist
Rembrandt van Rijn in 1637. The subject is depicted with a thick moustache, wearing a high fur cap and a reddish brown mantle with a broad fur collar, and holding a baton with a golden knob in his right hand. Gold chains studded with precious stones are wrapped around both his cap and collar, while a large pear-shaped pearl earring drops from his right ear.
... that
Auschwitz survivor Bat-Sheva Dagan (born Izabella Rubinsztajn in
Łódź, Poland) writes
Holocaust stories for children that have
happy endings "in order not to rob them of their faith in mankind"?
Adam Mickiewicz (1798–1855) was a Polish poet, dramatist, essayist and translator. A principal figure of
Polish Romanticism, he is counted one of Poland's "
Three Bards" and widely regarded as Poland's greatest poet. Born in the
Russian territories of the former
Grand Duchy of Lithuania, he was sentenced to a five-year exile to central Russia for his political activism. He left Russia in 1829 and, like
many of his compatriots, lived out the rest of his life abroad. He settled first in Rome, then in Paris, where for a little over three years he lectured on
Slavic literature at
Collège de France. Mickiewicz died, probably of
cholera, in
Istanbul, where he had gone to help organize Polish and Jewish forces to fight Russia in the
Crimean War. He is known chiefly for the poetic drama Dziady ("Forefathers' Eve") and the
national epic poemPan Tadeusz. His other influential works include Konrad Wallenrod and Grażyna. (Full article...)
Wrocław, situated on the
Oder River in
Lower Silesia, is the fourth largest city in Poland. Dating back to the 11th century, the city has changed its allegiance and name several times in history, and has been known as Vratislav in Czech and Breslau in German. An important economic and cultural hub of eastern Germany until
World War II, it can boast
eleven Nobel prize winners who were born or lived in Breslau. The picturesque historic center was destroyed during the
Siege of Breslau at the end of the war, but then meticulously rebuilt and is now a popular tourist attraction, along with the
Centennial Hall and the
Racławice Panorama. Modern Wrocław is a growing high-tech and financial center of Poland. (Full article...)
On 9 January, police entered the
Presidential Palace in Warsaw to arrest former Interior Minister Mariusz Kamiński (
Law and Justice party) and his former deputy, both of whom had been sentenced to two year's jail for abuse of power.
The "Cake of Kings", a 1773 engraving by Jean-Michel Moreau le Jeune
The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of
three partitions that ended the existence of the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. Growth in the
Russian Empire's power, threatening the
Kingdom of Prussia and the
Habsburg Austrian Empire, was the primary motive behind this first
partition. The weakened Commonwealth's land, including that already controlled by Russia, was apportioned among its more powerful neighbors—Austria, Russia and Prussia—so as to restore the regional
balance of power in Eastern Europe among those three countries. With Poland unable to effectively defend itself and with foreign troops already inside the country, the Polish parliament ratified the partition in 1773 during the
Partition Sejm convened by the three powers. (Full article...)
A Polish Nobleman is a widely accepted title of the portrait of a middle-aged man of uncertain identity, dressed in the garb of a
Polish nobleman, painted by the Dutch artist
Rembrandt van Rijn in 1637. The subject is depicted with a thick moustache, wearing a high fur cap and a reddish brown mantle with a broad fur collar, and holding a baton with a golden knob in his right hand. Gold chains studded with precious stones are wrapped around both his cap and collar, while a large pear-shaped pearl earring drops from his right ear.
... that
Auschwitz survivor Bat-Sheva Dagan (born Izabella Rubinsztajn in
Łódź, Poland) writes
Holocaust stories for children that have
happy endings "in order not to rob them of their faith in mankind"?
Adam Mickiewicz (1798–1855) was a Polish poet, dramatist, essayist and translator. A principal figure of
Polish Romanticism, he is counted one of Poland's "
Three Bards" and widely regarded as Poland's greatest poet. Born in the
Russian territories of the former
Grand Duchy of Lithuania, he was sentenced to a five-year exile to central Russia for his political activism. He left Russia in 1829 and, like
many of his compatriots, lived out the rest of his life abroad. He settled first in Rome, then in Paris, where for a little over three years he lectured on
Slavic literature at
Collège de France. Mickiewicz died, probably of
cholera, in
Istanbul, where he had gone to help organize Polish and Jewish forces to fight Russia in the
Crimean War. He is known chiefly for the poetic drama Dziady ("Forefathers' Eve") and the
national epic poemPan Tadeusz. His other influential works include Konrad Wallenrod and Grażyna. (Full article...)
Wrocław, situated on the
Oder River in
Lower Silesia, is the fourth largest city in Poland. Dating back to the 11th century, the city has changed its allegiance and name several times in history, and has been known as Vratislav in Czech and Breslau in German. An important economic and cultural hub of eastern Germany until
World War II, it can boast
eleven Nobel prize winners who were born or lived in Breslau. The picturesque historic center was destroyed during the
Siege of Breslau at the end of the war, but then meticulously rebuilt and is now a popular tourist attraction, along with the
Centennial Hall and the
Racławice Panorama. Modern Wrocław is a growing high-tech and financial center of Poland. (Full article...)
On 9 January, police entered the
Presidential Palace in Warsaw to arrest former Interior Minister Mariusz Kamiński (
Law and Justice party) and his former deputy, both of whom had been sentenced to two year's jail for abuse of power.