Halorubrobacterium Kamekura and Dyall-Smith 1996[1]
Halorubrum is a
genus in the family
Halorubraceae. Halorubrum species are usually halophilic and can be found in waters with high salt concentration such as the
Dead Sea or
Lake Zabuye.
Genetic exchange
A population of the haloarchaea Halorubrum in its natural high salt concentration environment exchanged genetic information frequently by recombination.[2] This population exhibited a degree of linkage equilibrium approaching that of a sexual population.
Halorubrum ejinorense was first isolated from Lake Ejinor in
Inner Mongolia, China.[4]
Halorubrum lacusprofundi was first isolated in the 1980s from
Deep Lake,
Antarctica.[5] Its
genome,
sequenced in 2008, consists of two
chromosomes (one 2.74
Mb and the other 0.53 Mb) and one plasmid (0.43 Mb).[6] Its
β-galactosidaseenzyme has been extensively studied to understand how proteins function in low-temperature, high-saline environments.[7][8]
One strain of H. lacusprofundi contains a plasmid for
horizontal gene transfer, which takes place via a mechanism that uses vesicle-enclosed virus-like particles.[9]
Halorubrum sodomense was first identified in the
Dead Sea in 1980. It requires a higher concentration of
Mg2+ ions for growth than related
halophiles.[10] Its
cell surface membrane contains
Archaerhodopsin-3 (AR3), a photoreceptor protein which harvests the energy from
sunlight to establish a proton motive force that is used for
ATP synthesis.[11][12] Mutants of AR3 are widely used as tools in
optogenetics for neuroscience research.[13]
Halorubrum tibetense was first isolated from
Lake Zabuye in Tibet, China.[14]
Halorubrum xinjiangense was first isolated from
Xiao-Er-Kule Lake in Xinjiang, China.[15]
Proposed species
Several species and novel binomial names have been proposed, but not validly published.
published.
Halorubrum africanae and Halorubrum constantinense were isolated in
Algeria and proposed as new species in 2007[16] and 2005.[17]
Halorubrum alimentarium and Halorubrum koreense are the proposed names for the undescribed strains B43 and B6, appearing in a publication of 2008.[18]
Halorubrum halotolerans is the proposed name for an undescribed strain isolated from solar salterns in
Baja California in 2009.[19]
Halorubrum hochstenium is the proposed name for the full genome of the undescribed strain ATCC 700873, supplied to databases in 2014.[20][21]
Halorubrum jeotgali was isolated from samples of traditional Korean seafood and proposed as new species in 2007.[22]Halorubrum cibarium was proposed in the same publication. It was proposed again under the name H. cibi and accepted in 2009.
Halorubrum kribbense and Halorubrum norisence' are proposed names of unisolated strains from the human gut microbiome, referenced in a publication in 2017.[23]
Halorubrum salipaludis was first published in 2021.[24]
^Franzmann PD, Stacklebrandt E, Sanderson K, Volkman JK, Camberon DE, Stevenson PL, McMeekin TA, Burton HR (1988). "Halobacterium lacusprofundii sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from Deep Lake, Antarctica". Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 11 (1): 20–27.
doi:
10.1016/S0723-2020(88)80044-4.
^Ihara K, Umemura T, Katagiri I, Kitajima-Ihara T, Sugiyama Y, Kimura Y, Mukohata Y (January 1999). "Evolution of the archaeal rhodopsins: evolution rate changes by gene duplication and functional differentiation". Journal of Molecular Biology. 285 (1): 163–74.
doi:
10.1006/jmbi.1998.2286.
PMID9878396.
^Nam Young-Do; Chang Ho-Won; Kim Kyoung-Ho; Roh Seong Woon; Kim Min-Soo; Jung Mi-Ja; Lee Si-Woo; Kim Jong-Yeol; Yoon Jung-Hoon; Bae Jin-Woo (2008). "Bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryal diversity in the intestines of Korean people". Journal of Microbiology. 46 (5): 491–501.
doi:
10.1007/s12275-008-0199-7.
PMID18974948.
S2CID24070213.
^Sabet S, Diallo L, Hays L, Jung W, Dillon JG (2009). "Characterization of halophiles isolated from solar salterns in Baja California, Mexico". Extremophiles. 13 (4): 643–656.
doi:
10.1007/s00792-009-0247-1.
PMID19418017.
S2CID1040194.
Halorubrobacterium Kamekura and Dyall-Smith 1996[1]
Halorubrum is a
genus in the family
Halorubraceae. Halorubrum species are usually halophilic and can be found in waters with high salt concentration such as the
Dead Sea or
Lake Zabuye.
Genetic exchange
A population of the haloarchaea Halorubrum in its natural high salt concentration environment exchanged genetic information frequently by recombination.[2] This population exhibited a degree of linkage equilibrium approaching that of a sexual population.
Halorubrum ejinorense was first isolated from Lake Ejinor in
Inner Mongolia, China.[4]
Halorubrum lacusprofundi was first isolated in the 1980s from
Deep Lake,
Antarctica.[5] Its
genome,
sequenced in 2008, consists of two
chromosomes (one 2.74
Mb and the other 0.53 Mb) and one plasmid (0.43 Mb).[6] Its
β-galactosidaseenzyme has been extensively studied to understand how proteins function in low-temperature, high-saline environments.[7][8]
One strain of H. lacusprofundi contains a plasmid for
horizontal gene transfer, which takes place via a mechanism that uses vesicle-enclosed virus-like particles.[9]
Halorubrum sodomense was first identified in the
Dead Sea in 1980. It requires a higher concentration of
Mg2+ ions for growth than related
halophiles.[10] Its
cell surface membrane contains
Archaerhodopsin-3 (AR3), a photoreceptor protein which harvests the energy from
sunlight to establish a proton motive force that is used for
ATP synthesis.[11][12] Mutants of AR3 are widely used as tools in
optogenetics for neuroscience research.[13]
Halorubrum tibetense was first isolated from
Lake Zabuye in Tibet, China.[14]
Halorubrum xinjiangense was first isolated from
Xiao-Er-Kule Lake in Xinjiang, China.[15]
Proposed species
Several species and novel binomial names have been proposed, but not validly published.
published.
Halorubrum africanae and Halorubrum constantinense were isolated in
Algeria and proposed as new species in 2007[16] and 2005.[17]
Halorubrum alimentarium and Halorubrum koreense are the proposed names for the undescribed strains B43 and B6, appearing in a publication of 2008.[18]
Halorubrum halotolerans is the proposed name for an undescribed strain isolated from solar salterns in
Baja California in 2009.[19]
Halorubrum hochstenium is the proposed name for the full genome of the undescribed strain ATCC 700873, supplied to databases in 2014.[20][21]
Halorubrum jeotgali was isolated from samples of traditional Korean seafood and proposed as new species in 2007.[22]Halorubrum cibarium was proposed in the same publication. It was proposed again under the name H. cibi and accepted in 2009.
Halorubrum kribbense and Halorubrum norisence' are proposed names of unisolated strains from the human gut microbiome, referenced in a publication in 2017.[23]
Halorubrum salipaludis was first published in 2021.[24]
^Franzmann PD, Stacklebrandt E, Sanderson K, Volkman JK, Camberon DE, Stevenson PL, McMeekin TA, Burton HR (1988). "Halobacterium lacusprofundii sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from Deep Lake, Antarctica". Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 11 (1): 20–27.
doi:
10.1016/S0723-2020(88)80044-4.
^Ihara K, Umemura T, Katagiri I, Kitajima-Ihara T, Sugiyama Y, Kimura Y, Mukohata Y (January 1999). "Evolution of the archaeal rhodopsins: evolution rate changes by gene duplication and functional differentiation". Journal of Molecular Biology. 285 (1): 163–74.
doi:
10.1006/jmbi.1998.2286.
PMID9878396.
^Nam Young-Do; Chang Ho-Won; Kim Kyoung-Ho; Roh Seong Woon; Kim Min-Soo; Jung Mi-Ja; Lee Si-Woo; Kim Jong-Yeol; Yoon Jung-Hoon; Bae Jin-Woo (2008). "Bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryal diversity in the intestines of Korean people". Journal of Microbiology. 46 (5): 491–501.
doi:
10.1007/s12275-008-0199-7.
PMID18974948.
S2CID24070213.
^Sabet S, Diallo L, Hays L, Jung W, Dillon JG (2009). "Characterization of halophiles isolated from solar salterns in Baja California, Mexico". Extremophiles. 13 (4): 643–656.
doi:
10.1007/s00792-009-0247-1.
PMID19418017.
S2CID1040194.