CARAPANA-TAPUYA LANGUAGE

Carapano
Carapano
Mõxtã
Native to	Colombia, Brazil
Native speakers	500 (2012)
Language family	Tucanoan Eastern Central Tatuyo–Carapano Carapano; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	cbc
Glottolog	cara1272
ELP	Carapana

Carapano (Karapanã, Carapana-tapuya, Möxdöá) is a Tucanoan language of Colombia and Brazil.

Phonology

Carapano has 11 consonants.^[2]

Consonants of Carapano
		Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	p	t		k
Plosive	voiced	b	d		g
Fricative			s
Tap			ɾ
Approximant		w		j		h

/p, t, k/ alternate with / pʰ, tʰ, kʰ/.^[3]
/b, d, g/ become [ m, n, ŋ] before nasal vowels.^[3] They become [ ᵐb, ⁿd, ᵑg] after nasal vowels.^[3]
/b, d/ alternate with [ᵐb, ⁿd] at the beginning of a word, e.g., báì /báì/ [báì]~[ᵐbáì] 'younger brother'.^[3]
/ s/ alternates with / t͡s/.^[4]
/ ɾ/ has three variants
- / n̆/ next to nasal vowels
- / ɺ/ before oral vowels, at the beginning of a word, and
- / ɾ/ elsewhere.^[4]
/w, h/ are often [ β, x] before front vowels.^[4]
/ j/ alternates with pre-stopped [ᵈj].^[4]
/w, j, h/ become [ w̃, j̃, h̃] before nasal vowels.^[4]

It also has 6 vowels and their nasalized forms, plus high and low tones.^[2]

Metzger and Metzger use the following orthography.^[7]

Metzger, Ronald; Metzger, Lois (1973). "Fonología del carapana". Sistemas fonológicos de idiomas columbianos (in Spanish). Vol. 2. Instituto Lingüístico de Verano. pp. 121–132.

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Carapano
Mõxtã
Native to	Colombia, Brazil
Native speakers	500 (2012)^[1]
Language family	Tucanoan Eastern Central Tatuyo–Carapano Carapano
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`cbc`
Glottolog	`cara1272`
ELP	Carapana