Anāl | |
---|---|
Native to | India and Myanmar |
Region | Southeast Manipur |
Ethnicity | Anāl Naga |
Native speakers | 14,000 (2001 census) [1] |
Dialects |
|
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 |
anm |
qfs Langet | |
Glottolog |
anal1239 |
ELP | Anal |
Anāl, also known as Namfau after the two principal villages it is spoken in, is a Northern Kukish language, part of the Sino-Tibetan language family, spoken by the Anal people in India and a dwindling number in Burma. It had 13,900 speakers in India according to the 2001 census, and 50 in Burma in 2010. [1] The speakers of this language use Meitei language as their second language (L2) according to the Ethnologue. [2]
The Department of Language Planning and Implementation of the Government of Manipur offers a sum of ₹5,000 (equivalent to ₹8,500 or US$110 in 2023), to every individual who learns Anal language, under certain terms and conditions. [3]
Anal is also written in the Latin script, [4] with a literacy rate of about 74%. [1]
Langet may be a dialect, though its position within Kukish is uncertain (Shafer 1955:106).[ needs update]
Anal is spoken in southeastern Manipur, in the Chandel district, on the banks of the Chakpi River in towns such as Chandel and Chakpikarong, and also in the Tengnoupal district ( Ethnologue).
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | voiceless | m̥ | n̥ | ŋ̊ | ||
voiced | m | n | ŋ | |||
Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | tʃ | k | |
aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |||
voiced | b | d | dʒ | |||
Fricative | s | h | ||||
Approximant | voiced | ʋ | l | |||
voiceless | l̥ | |||||
Rhotic | voiced | r | ||||
voiceless | r̥ |
/dʒ/ can also be heard as a glide [j] in free variation.
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Mid | e | ə | o |
Open | a |
The following vocabulary exemplifies words in the language. [6]
Anal | gloss | Anal | gloss |
---|---|---|---|
khol | 'deep hole'; 'social division' | ahno | 'kind of short skirt' |
lunguin | 'kind of long shawl' | zupar | 'rice beer' |
piruili | ' elopement' | Jol min | ' bride price' |
ithin | 'divorce' | sinnuperu | 'adultery' |
pakum | 'hearth' | mote | 'first-born' |
kopu | 'second-born' | cakhow | 'brown rice' |
khon | 'fifty rupees' | thunlon | 'grave' |
dao | 'kind of iron blade' | shingkho | 'plate' |
vopum | 'basket' | athiru | 'kind of bead necklace' |
akarfo | 'kind of China necklace' | sanamba | 'kind of fiddle' |
tilli | 'kind of flageolet' | tuklee | 'kind of loom' |
Anāl | |
---|---|
Native to | India and Myanmar |
Region | Southeast Manipur |
Ethnicity | Anāl Naga |
Native speakers | 14,000 (2001 census) [1] |
Dialects |
|
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 |
anm |
qfs Langet | |
Glottolog |
anal1239 |
ELP | Anal |
Anāl, also known as Namfau after the two principal villages it is spoken in, is a Northern Kukish language, part of the Sino-Tibetan language family, spoken by the Anal people in India and a dwindling number in Burma. It had 13,900 speakers in India according to the 2001 census, and 50 in Burma in 2010. [1] The speakers of this language use Meitei language as their second language (L2) according to the Ethnologue. [2]
The Department of Language Planning and Implementation of the Government of Manipur offers a sum of ₹5,000 (equivalent to ₹8,500 or US$110 in 2023), to every individual who learns Anal language, under certain terms and conditions. [3]
Anal is also written in the Latin script, [4] with a literacy rate of about 74%. [1]
Langet may be a dialect, though its position within Kukish is uncertain (Shafer 1955:106).[ needs update]
Anal is spoken in southeastern Manipur, in the Chandel district, on the banks of the Chakpi River in towns such as Chandel and Chakpikarong, and also in the Tengnoupal district ( Ethnologue).
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | voiceless | m̥ | n̥ | ŋ̊ | ||
voiced | m | n | ŋ | |||
Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | tʃ | k | |
aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |||
voiced | b | d | dʒ | |||
Fricative | s | h | ||||
Approximant | voiced | ʋ | l | |||
voiceless | l̥ | |||||
Rhotic | voiced | r | ||||
voiceless | r̥ |
/dʒ/ can also be heard as a glide [j] in free variation.
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Mid | e | ə | o |
Open | a |
The following vocabulary exemplifies words in the language. [6]
Anal | gloss | Anal | gloss |
---|---|---|---|
khol | 'deep hole'; 'social division' | ahno | 'kind of short skirt' |
lunguin | 'kind of long shawl' | zupar | 'rice beer' |
piruili | ' elopement' | Jol min | ' bride price' |
ithin | 'divorce' | sinnuperu | 'adultery' |
pakum | 'hearth' | mote | 'first-born' |
kopu | 'second-born' | cakhow | 'brown rice' |
khon | 'fifty rupees' | thunlon | 'grave' |
dao | 'kind of iron blade' | shingkho | 'plate' |
vopum | 'basket' | athiru | 'kind of bead necklace' |
akarfo | 'kind of China necklace' | sanamba | 'kind of fiddle' |
tilli | 'kind of flageolet' | tuklee | 'kind of loom' |