Rawang | |
---|---|
Rvwàng | |
Native to | Myanmar, India, China, Thailand |
Ethnicity | Nung Rawang |
Native speakers | 63,000 (2000) [1] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
Dialects |
|
Latin (Rawang alphabet) | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 |
raw |
Glottolog |
rawa1265 |
Rawang, also known as Krangku, Kiutze (Qiuze), and Ch’opa, is a Sino-Tibetan language of India and Burma. Rawang has a high degree of internal diversity, and some varieties are not mutually intelligible. Most, however, understand Mutwang (Matwang), the standard dialect, and basis of written Rawang. [2]
Rawang is spoken in Putao District, northern Kachin State, in Putao, Machanbaw, Naungmaw, Kawnglangphu, and Pannandin townships (Ethnologue). Alternate names are Chiutse, Ch’opa, Ganung-Rawang, Hkanung, Kiutze, Nung, Nung Rawang, and Qiuze.
The Matwang-related dialects share 82% to 99% lexical similarity. [2] The Kyaikhu Lungmi and Changgong Tangsar dialects have less intelligibility with Matwang. [2] Rawang shares 74% lexical similarity with Drung, 79%–80% with Anong, 81%–87% with Renyinchi (Langdaqgong Tangsar), 77% with Changgong Tangsar, 74%–85% with Lungmi, and 74%–80% with Daru-Jerwang. [2]
The Ethnologue lists the following varieties of Rawang.
Lungmi varieties of Mashang and Dangraq are especially divergent, and varieties spoken near the Tibetan border are also divergent.
Kyaikhu Lungmi and Changgong Tangsar are less intelligible with the standard written variety of Matwang.
There are 4 major Rawang clan divisions, in addition to subclans (Ethnologue):
Dvru (Daru) dialects include Malong, Konglang, Awiqwang, and Rvmøl. Tangsar is spoken to the east of Rvmøl, and Waqdamkong and Mvtwang to the south of Rvmøl. Rvmøl-speaking clans include Ticewang/Tisanwang/Ticvlwang/Chicvlwang, Abør, Chømgunggang, Chvngdvng, Dvngnólcv̀l/Dvngnóycv̀l, Dvlìnv̀m. [5]
Wadamkhong is a Rawang dialect documented by Shintani (2014). [6]
Straub (2017) [7] [8] [9] [10] provides demographic details and phoneme inventories for the following Rawang dialects.
Tadahiko Shintani has also documented the Wadamkhong, [11] Khwingsang, [12] Agu, [13] and Dingra [14] dialects.
Labial |
Dental/ Alveolar |
Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | voiceless | p | t̪ | k | |||
voiced | b | d̪ | ɡ | ||||
Affricate | voiceless | ts | tʃ | ||||
voiced | dz | dʒ | |||||
Fricative | s | ʃ | h | ||||
Nasal | m | n̪ | ŋ | ||||
Rhotic | ɽ | ||||||
Approximant | w | l̪ | j |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | ɨ | u |
Mid | e | ə | o |
Open | a |
In Myanmar, the Matwang dialect of Rawang has been romanised, while romanised Derung and Anung orthography systems exist in China. [16]
Rawang | |
---|---|
Rvwàng | |
Native to | Myanmar, India, China, Thailand |
Ethnicity | Nung Rawang |
Native speakers | 63,000 (2000) [1] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
Dialects |
|
Latin (Rawang alphabet) | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 |
raw |
Glottolog |
rawa1265 |
Rawang, also known as Krangku, Kiutze (Qiuze), and Ch’opa, is a Sino-Tibetan language of India and Burma. Rawang has a high degree of internal diversity, and some varieties are not mutually intelligible. Most, however, understand Mutwang (Matwang), the standard dialect, and basis of written Rawang. [2]
Rawang is spoken in Putao District, northern Kachin State, in Putao, Machanbaw, Naungmaw, Kawnglangphu, and Pannandin townships (Ethnologue). Alternate names are Chiutse, Ch’opa, Ganung-Rawang, Hkanung, Kiutze, Nung, Nung Rawang, and Qiuze.
The Matwang-related dialects share 82% to 99% lexical similarity. [2] The Kyaikhu Lungmi and Changgong Tangsar dialects have less intelligibility with Matwang. [2] Rawang shares 74% lexical similarity with Drung, 79%–80% with Anong, 81%–87% with Renyinchi (Langdaqgong Tangsar), 77% with Changgong Tangsar, 74%–85% with Lungmi, and 74%–80% with Daru-Jerwang. [2]
The Ethnologue lists the following varieties of Rawang.
Lungmi varieties of Mashang and Dangraq are especially divergent, and varieties spoken near the Tibetan border are also divergent.
Kyaikhu Lungmi and Changgong Tangsar are less intelligible with the standard written variety of Matwang.
There are 4 major Rawang clan divisions, in addition to subclans (Ethnologue):
Dvru (Daru) dialects include Malong, Konglang, Awiqwang, and Rvmøl. Tangsar is spoken to the east of Rvmøl, and Waqdamkong and Mvtwang to the south of Rvmøl. Rvmøl-speaking clans include Ticewang/Tisanwang/Ticvlwang/Chicvlwang, Abør, Chømgunggang, Chvngdvng, Dvngnólcv̀l/Dvngnóycv̀l, Dvlìnv̀m. [5]
Wadamkhong is a Rawang dialect documented by Shintani (2014). [6]
Straub (2017) [7] [8] [9] [10] provides demographic details and phoneme inventories for the following Rawang dialects.
Tadahiko Shintani has also documented the Wadamkhong, [11] Khwingsang, [12] Agu, [13] and Dingra [14] dialects.
Labial |
Dental/ Alveolar |
Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | voiceless | p | t̪ | k | |||
voiced | b | d̪ | ɡ | ||||
Affricate | voiceless | ts | tʃ | ||||
voiced | dz | dʒ | |||||
Fricative | s | ʃ | h | ||||
Nasal | m | n̪ | ŋ | ||||
Rhotic | ɽ | ||||||
Approximant | w | l̪ | j |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | ɨ | u |
Mid | e | ə | o |
Open | a |
In Myanmar, the Matwang dialect of Rawang has been romanised, while romanised Derung and Anung orthography systems exist in China. [16]