Publius Ventidius defeats Pharnastanes with his
cataphracts at the Amanus Gates, and goes on to reclaim Syria,
Phoenicia and
Judea. Labienus flees to
Cilicia, where he is captured and executed.
January 17 – Octavian marries
Livia while she is still pregnant from a recently broken marriage. Octavian gains permission from the
College of Pontiffs to wed her while she is still pregnant from another husband. Three months after the wedding she gives birth to a second son,
Nero Claudius Drusus, while he and his elder brother, the four-year-old
Tiberius, are living in Octavian's household.
Marcus Lepidus lands 12 legions from
Africa and lays
siege to
Lilybaeum. He loses his army to Octavian when his men mutiny. Lepidus is kept in luxurious captivity in
Rome until his death.
Agrippa receives the unprecedented honor of a
Naval Crown (corona navalis), wrought of
gold and decorated with the
prows of ships.
October – Antony abandons the siege of Phraaspa (near
Maragheh,
Iran). He retreats, loses many men to disease and starvation in the subsequent retreat to
Egypt, and marries
Cleopatra VII while still married to
Octavia.
October–December – The
Han dynasty Chinese army under General
Chen Tang and General Gan Yanshou defeat the
Xiongnu leader
Zhizhi Chanyu in the
Battle of Zhizhi. This leads to half a century of peace between the Han dynasty and the Xiongnu until
Wang Mang enrages them in the year
AD 10, resuming hostilities between both sides.
Pannonia is attacked by Octavian Caesar, who conquers and sacks the
stronghold Siscia (
Sisak) of the
Segestani, which is taken after a 30-day siege. The country is not definitely subdued, however, until
9 BC.
Augustus, then known as Imperator Caesar, becomes
Roman Consul for the third time. Antony was designated as his colleague but is deposed from office, an action that Antony does not recognise.[3] Elected in Antony's place is
Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus; Antony's consulship is not recorded in some sources, as Valerius is marked instead as consul ordinarius.[3]
Antony, alerted by Octavian's presence, sets up camp on the southern
shore, at the
promontory of
Actium. He dispatches a force to isolate the
camp of Octavian in the valley of
Louros.
The Egyptian fleet (60 warships), including Cleopatra's treasure ship, retreats to
Taenarus. Antony transfers his flag to a smaller
vessel and breaks through Octavian's line.
Winter – Octavian (32 years old) takes court at
Samos. After his decisive victory at
Actium he builds
Nicopolis; the city is populated by Greeks from settlements further inland.
Spring – Octavian leads his army to the
Dardanelles, ships them across to
Asia Minor and marches into
Syria where
Herod the Great sends him vows of loyalty and thousands of his own troops in support.
Summer –
Cornelius Gallus lands in
Cyrene and occupies
Paraetonium.
Mark Antony storms the city walls and blockades the harbour, then retreats with his army (7
legions) to
Egypt and receives the news that
Pelusium has opened its gates to Octavian without resistance.
Cleopatra evacuates her court and treasury to
Berenice on the west coast of the
Red Sea, but king Malchus of
Nabatea attacks from the
desert and burns the Egyptian ships.
Octavian claims Cleopatra's treasure in the
mausoleum at the
Taposiris Magna (Temple of Isis); he pays the salaries of his veteran
legionaries and gives them land in Italy.
First possible date for the invention of the
wheelbarrow in history; as the 5th century Book of the Later Han states that the wife of the once poor and youthful imperial censor
Bao Xuan of the Chinese
Han dynasty helped him push a lu che back to his village during their feeble wedding ceremony, around this year.
Publius Ventidius defeats Pharnastanes with his
cataphracts at the Amanus Gates, and goes on to reclaim Syria,
Phoenicia and
Judea. Labienus flees to
Cilicia, where he is captured and executed.
January 17 – Octavian marries
Livia while she is still pregnant from a recently broken marriage. Octavian gains permission from the
College of Pontiffs to wed her while she is still pregnant from another husband. Three months after the wedding she gives birth to a second son,
Nero Claudius Drusus, while he and his elder brother, the four-year-old
Tiberius, are living in Octavian's household.
Marcus Lepidus lands 12 legions from
Africa and lays
siege to
Lilybaeum. He loses his army to Octavian when his men mutiny. Lepidus is kept in luxurious captivity in
Rome until his death.
Agrippa receives the unprecedented honor of a
Naval Crown (corona navalis), wrought of
gold and decorated with the
prows of ships.
October – Antony abandons the siege of Phraaspa (near
Maragheh,
Iran). He retreats, loses many men to disease and starvation in the subsequent retreat to
Egypt, and marries
Cleopatra VII while still married to
Octavia.
October–December – The
Han dynasty Chinese army under General
Chen Tang and General Gan Yanshou defeat the
Xiongnu leader
Zhizhi Chanyu in the
Battle of Zhizhi. This leads to half a century of peace between the Han dynasty and the Xiongnu until
Wang Mang enrages them in the year
AD 10, resuming hostilities between both sides.
Pannonia is attacked by Octavian Caesar, who conquers and sacks the
stronghold Siscia (
Sisak) of the
Segestani, which is taken after a 30-day siege. The country is not definitely subdued, however, until
9 BC.
Augustus, then known as Imperator Caesar, becomes
Roman Consul for the third time. Antony was designated as his colleague but is deposed from office, an action that Antony does not recognise.[3] Elected in Antony's place is
Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus; Antony's consulship is not recorded in some sources, as Valerius is marked instead as consul ordinarius.[3]
Antony, alerted by Octavian's presence, sets up camp on the southern
shore, at the
promontory of
Actium. He dispatches a force to isolate the
camp of Octavian in the valley of
Louros.
The Egyptian fleet (60 warships), including Cleopatra's treasure ship, retreats to
Taenarus. Antony transfers his flag to a smaller
vessel and breaks through Octavian's line.
Winter – Octavian (32 years old) takes court at
Samos. After his decisive victory at
Actium he builds
Nicopolis; the city is populated by Greeks from settlements further inland.
Spring – Octavian leads his army to the
Dardanelles, ships them across to
Asia Minor and marches into
Syria where
Herod the Great sends him vows of loyalty and thousands of his own troops in support.
Summer –
Cornelius Gallus lands in
Cyrene and occupies
Paraetonium.
Mark Antony storms the city walls and blockades the harbour, then retreats with his army (7
legions) to
Egypt and receives the news that
Pelusium has opened its gates to Octavian without resistance.
Cleopatra evacuates her court and treasury to
Berenice on the west coast of the
Red Sea, but king Malchus of
Nabatea attacks from the
desert and burns the Egyptian ships.
Octavian claims Cleopatra's treasure in the
mausoleum at the
Taposiris Magna (Temple of Isis); he pays the salaries of his veteran
legionaries and gives them land in Italy.
First possible date for the invention of the
wheelbarrow in history; as the 5th century Book of the Later Han states that the wife of the once poor and youthful imperial censor
Bao Xuan of the Chinese
Han dynasty helped him push a lu che back to his village during their feeble wedding ceremony, around this year.