Clinical data | |
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Trade names | Foscavir, Vocarvi, others |
Other names | phosphonomethanoic acid, dihydroxyphosphinecarboxylic acid oxide |
AHFS/ Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a601144 |
License data | |
Pregnancy category |
|
Routes of administration | Intravenous |
ATC code | |
Legal status | |
Legal status | |
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | NA |
Protein binding | 14–17% |
Elimination half-life | 3.3–6.8 hours |
Identifiers | |
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CAS Number |
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PubChem CID | |
IUPHAR/BPS | |
DrugBank | |
ChemSpider | |
UNII | |
KEGG | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
CompTox Dashboard ( EPA) | |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | CH3O5P |
Molar mass | 126.004 g·mol−1 |
3D model ( JSmol) | |
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(what is this?) (verify) |
Foscarnet (phosphonomethanoic acid), known by its brand name Foscavir, is an antiviral medication which is primarily used to treat viral infections involving the Herpesviridae family. It is classified as a pyrophosphate analog DNA polymerase inhibitor. [3] [4] Foscarnet is the conjugate base of a chemical compound with the formula HO2CPO3H2 (Trisodium phosphonoformate). [5] [6]
Foscarnet was approved for medical use in 1991. [7] It is available as a generic medication. [8]
This phosphonic acid derivative (marketed by Clinigen as foscarnet sodium under the trade name Foscavir) is an antiviral medication used to treat herpes viruses, including drug-resistant cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). It is particularly used to treat CMV retinitis. Foscarnet can be used to treat highly treatment-experienced patients with HIV as part of salvage therapy. [9] [10] [11]
Foscarnet is a structural mimic of the anion pyrophosphate that selectively inhibits the pyrophosphate binding site on viral DNA polymerases at concentrations that do not affect human DNA polymerases. [11]
In individuals treated with the DNA polymerase inhibitors acyclovir or ganciclovir, HSV or CMV particles can develop mutant protein kinases ( thymidine kinase or UL97 protein kinase, respectively) that make them resistant to these antiviral drugs. [12] [13] However, unlike acyclovir and ganciclovir, foscarnet is not activated by viral protein kinases, making it useful in acyclovir- or ganciclovir-resistant HSV and CMV infections. [5]
However, acyclovir- or ganciclovir-resistant mutants with alterations in viral DNA polymerase may also be resistant to foscarnet. [14] [15]
Foscarnet is administered by intravenous infusion or intravitreous injection.[ citation needed]
Clinical data | |
---|---|
Trade names | Foscavir, Vocarvi, others |
Other names | phosphonomethanoic acid, dihydroxyphosphinecarboxylic acid oxide |
AHFS/ Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a601144 |
License data | |
Pregnancy category |
|
Routes of administration | Intravenous |
ATC code | |
Legal status | |
Legal status | |
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | NA |
Protein binding | 14–17% |
Elimination half-life | 3.3–6.8 hours |
Identifiers | |
| |
CAS Number |
|
PubChem CID | |
IUPHAR/BPS | |
DrugBank | |
ChemSpider | |
UNII | |
KEGG | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
CompTox Dashboard ( EPA) | |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | CH3O5P |
Molar mass | 126.004 g·mol−1 |
3D model ( JSmol) | |
| |
| |
(what is this?) (verify) |
Foscarnet (phosphonomethanoic acid), known by its brand name Foscavir, is an antiviral medication which is primarily used to treat viral infections involving the Herpesviridae family. It is classified as a pyrophosphate analog DNA polymerase inhibitor. [3] [4] Foscarnet is the conjugate base of a chemical compound with the formula HO2CPO3H2 (Trisodium phosphonoformate). [5] [6]
Foscarnet was approved for medical use in 1991. [7] It is available as a generic medication. [8]
This phosphonic acid derivative (marketed by Clinigen as foscarnet sodium under the trade name Foscavir) is an antiviral medication used to treat herpes viruses, including drug-resistant cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). It is particularly used to treat CMV retinitis. Foscarnet can be used to treat highly treatment-experienced patients with HIV as part of salvage therapy. [9] [10] [11]
Foscarnet is a structural mimic of the anion pyrophosphate that selectively inhibits the pyrophosphate binding site on viral DNA polymerases at concentrations that do not affect human DNA polymerases. [11]
In individuals treated with the DNA polymerase inhibitors acyclovir or ganciclovir, HSV or CMV particles can develop mutant protein kinases ( thymidine kinase or UL97 protein kinase, respectively) that make them resistant to these antiviral drugs. [12] [13] However, unlike acyclovir and ganciclovir, foscarnet is not activated by viral protein kinases, making it useful in acyclovir- or ganciclovir-resistant HSV and CMV infections. [5]
However, acyclovir- or ganciclovir-resistant mutants with alterations in viral DNA polymerase may also be resistant to foscarnet. [14] [15]
Foscarnet is administered by intravenous infusion or intravitreous injection.[ citation needed]