Dates
|
Name
|
Independent state
|
Original state
|
Result
|
1038–1047
|
Miecław's Rebellion
|
Miecław's State
|
Duchy of Poland
|
Defeat of Miecław; his state is reincorporated into Poland
|
1185–1188
|
Uprising of Asen and Peter
|
Bulgaria
|
Byzantine Empire
|
Independence of
Bulgaria from the
Byzantine Empire; creation of the
Second Bulgarian Empire
|
1296–1357
|
Wars of Scottish Independence
|
Scotland
|
England
|
Scotland retains its status as an independent nation
|
1468–1500
|
Kazakh War of Independence
|
Kazakh Khanate
|
Uzbek Khanate
|
Kazakh Khanate maintains independence from the
Uzbek Khanate
|
1521–1523
|
Swedish War of Liberation
|
Sweden
|
Kalmar Union
|
Independence of
Sweden from the
Kalmar Union
|
1568–1648
|
Eighty Years' War
|
Netherlands
|
Spain
|
Independence of the
Netherlands from
Spain
|
1640–1668
|
Portuguese Restoration War
|
Portugal
|
Spain
|
Restoration of Portuguese independence from
Spain
|
1680–1707
|
Maratha War of Independence
|
Maratha Empire
|
Mughal Empire
|
Mughals fail to annex
Maratha Empire
|
1703–1711
|
Rákóczi's War of Independence
|
Hungary
|
Holy Roman Empire
|
Limited autonomy for
Hungary within the
Habsburg monarchy
|
1775–1783
|
American Revolutionary War (
United States War of Independence)
|
United States
|
Great Britain
|
Independence of the
United States from
Great Britain
|
1791–1804
|
Haitian Revolution
|
Haiti
|
France
|
Independence of
Haiti from
France
|
1804–1813
|
First Serbian Uprising (
Serbian Revolution)
|
Serbia
|
Ottoman Empire
|
Defeat of insurgents;
Ottoman Empire retains control of
Serbia
|
1808–1814
|
Peninsular War
|
Portugal
Spain
|
France
|
Independence of
Portugal and
Spain from
France
|
1810s–1820s
|
Latin American wars of independence:
|
Río de la Plata
Bolivia
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
|
Spanish Empire
|
Independence of many
Spanish-American colonies from
Spain
|
1814
|
Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)
|
Norway
|
Sweden
|
Partial independence of
Norway within the later
United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
|
1815–1817
|
Second Serbian Uprising (
Serbian Revolution)
|
Serbia
|
Ottoman Empire
|
Semi-independence of
Serbia within the
Ottoman Empire
|
1821–1829
|
Greek War of Independence
|
Greece
|
Ottoman Empire
|
Independence of
Greece from the
Ottoman Empire
|
1822–1824
|
Brazilian War of Independence
|
Brazil
|
Portuguese Empire
|
Independence of the
Empire of Brazil from the
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
|
1825–1828
|
Cisplatine War
|
Uruguay
|
Brazil
Río de la Plata
|
Disputed between the
Empire of Brazil and
United Provinces of the Río de la Plata. Independence of
Uruguay from
Brazil
|
1830–1831
|
November Uprising
|
Poland
|
Russia
|
Defeat of
Polish insurgents. Russian retains control of Poland, introduction of the Organic Statute of the Kingdom of Poland, liquidation of Polish autonomy.
|
1830–1839
|
Belgian Revolution
|
Belgium
|
Netherlands
|
Independence of
Belgium from the
Netherlands
|
1835–1845
|
Ragamuffin War
|
Riograndense Republic
|
Brazil
|
The
Riograndense Republic is dissolved; reintegration with Brazil
|
1835–1836
|
Texas Revolution
|
Texas
|
Mexico
|
Independence of
Texas from
Mexico
|
1844–1856
|
Dominican War of Independence
|
Dominican Republic
|
Haiti
|
Independence of
Dominican Republic from
Haiti
|
1846
|
Bear Flag Revolt
|
California
|
Mexico
|
The
California Republic declares independence from the
Centralist Republic of Mexico. The republic is quickly annexed by the
United States
|
1848–1849
|
Italian War of Independence
|
Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont
|
Austria
|
Sardinia-Piedmont defeated by the
Austrian Empire; Italian unification not achieved
|
1857–1858
|
Indian War of Independence
|
India
Pakistan
Bangladesh
|
British East India Company
|
East India Company loses power to
Great Britain, vide
Government of India Act 1858.
|
1859
|
Second Italian War of Independence
|
Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont
Lombardy–Venetia
Parma
Modena
Tuscany
|
Austria
|
France and the
Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia defeat the
Austrian Empire; most of the
Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia transferred to France and then to Piedmont-Sardinia;
Duchy of Parma,
Duchy of Modena,
Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the
Papal Legations annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia
|
1861–1865
|
American Civil War
|
Confederate States
|
United States (
Union)
|
Defeat and dissolution of the
Confederacy; U.S. retains control of the
South
|
1863–1865
|
January Uprising
|
Poland
|
Russia
|
Defeat of
Polish insurgents;
Russia retains control of
Poland
|
1863–1865
|
Dominican Restoration War
|
Dominican Republic
|
Spain
|
Independence of
Dominican Republic from 4 year occupation by the
Spanish Empire; ousts
Spain from
Hispaniola
|
1866
|
Third Italian War of Independence
|
Veneto
|
Austria
|
Austrian Empire loses
Veneto to
Kingdom of Italy
|
1868–1878
|
Ten Years' War
|
Cuba
|
Spain
|
Defeat of insurgents;
Spain retains control of
Cuba
|
1869
|
Red River Rebellion
|
Métis
|
Canada
|
Establishment of Provisional government of the
Red River Colony
|
1876
|
April Uprising
|
Bulgaria
|
Ottoman Empire
|
Defeat of
Bulgarian nationalists by the
Ottoman Empire; subsequent reprisals by the Ottomans led to the
Russo-Turkish War, 1877–78 and the 1878 independence of
Bulgaria from the Ottoman Empire.
|
1877
|
Romanian War of Independence
|
Romania
|
Ottoman Empire
|
Independence of
Romania from the
Ottoman Empire
|
1896–1898
|
Philippine Revolution
|
Philippines
|
Spain
|
Inconclusive;
Philippines independence from
Spain then achieved by
Spanish–American War
|
1895–1898
|
Cuban War of Independence
|
Cuba
|
Spain
|
Independence of
Cuba from
Spain following four years of American occupation
|
1899–1913
|
Philippine–American War
|
Philippines
|
United States
|
Defeat of Philippine insurgents;
United States retains control of the
Philippines
|
1916–1918
|
Arab Revolt
|
Hejaz
|
Ottoman Empire
|
Defeat of
Arab aspirations for independence by post-
World War I partition of Arab
Ottoman Empire lands into protectorates controlled by
United Kingdom and
France
|
1917–1921
|
Ukrainian War of Independence
|
Ukraine
|
Soviet Russia
Poland
|
Independence of
Ukraine from
Russia; partition of Ukraine by
Soviet Union and
Poland
|
1918–1920
|
Estonian War of Independence
|
Estonia
|
Soviet Russia
|
Independence of
Estonia from
Russian Empire/
Russian SFSR
|
1918–1920
|
Latvian War of Independence
|
Latvia
|
Soviet Russia
|
Independence of
Latvia from
Russian Empire/
Russian SFSR
|
1918–1920
|
Lithuanian War of Independence
|
Lithuania
|
Soviet Russia
Poland
|
Independence of
Lithuania from
Russian Empire/
Russian SFSR and
Poland
|
1919–1921
|
Irish War of Independence
|
Ireland
|
United Kingdom
|
Anglo-Irish Treaty;
Partition of Ireland; secession of 26 of Ireland's 32 counties (the
Irish Free State) from the United Kingdom
|
1919–1923
|
Turkish War of Independence
|
Turkey
|
Ottoman Empire
Allies of World War I
|
Creation of the
Republic of Turkey
|
1920–1926
|
Rif War
|
Republic of the Rif
|
Spain
|
Defeat of insurgents and
Rif Republic;
Spain retains control of
Spanish Morocco
|
1936–1939
|
Waziristan Uprising
|
Waziristan
|
British Empire
|
Rebellion suppressed
|
1942-1947
|
Second Indian War of Independence
|
Free India
|
United Kingdom
|
INA captured parts of
North-East India and
Andaman & Nicobar Islands, later
INA Trials triggered
Bombay Mutiny &
Royal Air Force mutiny which resulted in
Indian Independence Act 1947
[1]
|
1944–1948
|
Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine
|
Israel
|
United Kingdom
|
Independence of
Israel from the
United Kingdom
|
1945–1949
|
Indonesian National Revolution
|
Indonesia
|
Netherlands
|
Independence of
Indonesia from the
Netherlands
|
1946–1954
|
First Indochina War
|
South Vietnam
Laos
Cambodia
|
France
|
Independence of
Vietnam,
Laos,
Cambodia from
France; partition of Vietnam
|
1947–1949
|
1948 Arab–Israeli War, aka
Israel's War of Independence
|
Israel
|
United Kingdom
Arab League
|
Defeat of
Arabs;
Israel retains independence
|
1952–1960
|
Kenyan Mau Mau Uprising
|
Kenya
|
United Kingdom
|
Defeat of insurgents;
United Kingdom retains control of
Kenya
|
1954–1962
|
Algerian War
|
Algeria
|
France
|
Independence of
Algeria from
France
|
1955–1972
|
First Sudanese Civil War
|
Southern Sudan
|
Sudan
|
Conflict between
Sudan and
South Sudan
|
1961–1974
|
Angolan War of Independence
|
Angola
|
Portugal
|
Independence of
Angola from
Portugal
|
1961–1991
|
Eritrean War of Independence
|
Eritrea
|
Ethiopia
|
Independence of
Eritrea from
Ethiopia
|
1961–ongoing
|
Papua conflict
|
Free Papua
|
Indonesia
|
Ongoing
|
1963–1974
|
Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
Portugal
|
Independence of
Guinea-Bissau from
Portugal
|
1964–1974
|
Mozambican War of Independence
|
Mozambique
|
Portugal
|
Independence of
Mozambique from
Portugal
|
1966–1988
|
Namibian War of Independence
|
Namibia
|
South Africa
|
Independence of
Namibia from
South Africa
|
1967–1970
|
Nigerian Civil War
|
Biafra
|
Nigeria
|
Defeat and dissolution of the
Republic of Biafra
|
1971
|
Bangladesh Liberation War
|
Bangladesh
|
Pakistan
|
Independence of
Bangladesh from
Pakistan
|
1975–ongoing
|
Cabinda War
|
Cabinda
|
Angola
|
Ongoing
|
1975–1991
|
Western Sahara War
|
Western Sahara
|
Morocco
|
Partition of
Western Sahara between
Morocco and
Sahrawi Republic
|
1976–2005
|
Insurgency in Aceh
|
Free Aceh Movement
|
Indonesia
|
Special autonomy granted to Aceh, disarmament of the GAM
|
1981–1991
|
Somaliland War of Independence
|
Somali National Movement
|
Somalia
|
De facto independence of
Somaliland from
Somalia
|
1982–ongoing
|
Casamance conflict
|
Casamance
|
Senegal
|
Low-level conflict since 2014
|
1983–2005
|
Second Sudanese Civil War
|
South Sudan
|
Sudan
|
Independence of
South Sudan from
Sudan
|
1988–1994
|
First Nagorno-Karabakh War
|
Artsakh
|
Azerbaijan
|
De facto independence of the
Republic of Artsakh from
Azerbaijan
|
1988–1998
|
Bougainville Civil War
|
Bougainville
|
Papua New Guinea
|
Bougainville receives autonomy in 2002;
voted in favour of independence in 2019
|
1990–1992
|
Transnistria War
|
Transnistria
|
Moldova
|
De facto independence of
Transnistria from
Moldova
|
1991–1992
|
South Ossetia War
|
South Ossetia
|
Georgia
|
De facto independence for
South Ossetia from
Georgia
|
1991
|
Liberation of Kuwait
|
Kuwait
|
Iraq
|
Part of the
Gulf War; Kuwait regains independence
|
1991–1995
|
Croatian War of Independence
|
Croatia
|
Yugoslavia
|
Independence of
Croatia from
Yugoslavia
|
1991
|
Ten-Day War
|
Slovenia
|
Yugoslavia
|
Independence of
Slovenia from
Yugoslavia
|
1992–1995
|
Bosnian War
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
FR Yugoslavia
[2]
Croatia
[2]
|
Independence of
Bosnia and Herzegovina from
SFR Yugoslavia; the new country is divided between two
entities: the
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and
Republika Srpska
[3]
|
1992–1993
|
War in Abkhazia
|
Abkhazia
|
Georgia
|
De facto independence for
Abkhazia from
Georgia
|
1993–1996
|
First Chechen War
|
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
|
Russia
|
Chechnya maintains de facto independence from
Russia
|
1998–1999
|
Kosovo War
|
Republic of Kosova
|
Serbia & Montenegro
|
No legal changes to Yugoslav borders according to the Resolution 1244, but de facto independence of
Kosovo from the rest of
Yugoslavia
|
1999–2009
|
Second Chechen War
|
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
|
Russia
|
Defeat of
Chechnya; reincorporation into
Russia
|
2012
|
Tuareg rebellion (2012)
|
Azawad
|
Mali
|
Unrecognized independence of
Azawad from
Mali; renounced its independence in 2013
|
2014–ongoing
|
Russo-Ukrainian War
|
Ukraine
|
Russia
|
Also called a "rebirth," or a war of independence from
Russia by some
Ukrainian sources.
[4]
[5]
[6]
|
2014–2022
|
War in Donbas
|
Donetsk People's Republic
Luhansk People's Republic
|
Ukraine
|
Part of the
Russo-Ukrainian War; recognition of independence by Russia on
21 February 2022; annexed by Russia on
September the same year.
|
2017–ongoing
|
Anglophone Crisis
|
Ambazonia
|
Cameroon
|
Ongoing
|
2020–ongoing
|
Western Togoland Rebellion
|
Western Togoland
|
Ghana
|
Ongoing
|