Viscacha rats are a group of rodents in the family Octodontidae. All species are found in Argentina. They are placed in the following genera:

• Genus Octomys
  • O. mimax , mountain viscacha rat, found in the Andes
• Genus Pipanacoctomys
  • P. aureus, the golden viscacha rat, found near a salt flat
• Genus Tympanoctomys (4 species, 3 extant), found in desert shrubland near salt flats
  • T. barrerae, the plains viscacha rat
  • T. kirchnerorum, Kirchner's viscacha rat,
  • T. loschalchalerosorum, the Chalchalero viscacha rat
  • † T. cordubensis

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