The following tables list the names of common trees in various languages and scripts of the world. Where possible, each language's native writing system is used, along with transliterations in Latin script and other important writing systems where applicable.
Old World language families
Afro-Asiatic languages
Egyptian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Egyptian | w'n | ||||||||||
| Coptic | nom | qwri |
Semitic languages
| Language | Tree | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akkadian | iṣum | ašūhu | burāšu daparānu daprānu supālu |
allānu | ||||||||
| Arabic | شَجَرَة šájara |
تنوب tunub |
صنوبر ṣanawbar |
عَرْعَر arar |
قيقب qayqab |
بهشية bihashiah |
قضبان qutban |
بلوط ballūṭ سنديان sindyān |
مران murrani |
كرز karaz |
صفصاف safsaf |
دردار dardar |
| Egyptian Arabic | sheguera | 'arz | صنوبر ṣunubar |
عَرْعَر 'ar'ar |
أرو ʾarru baloot sindiyán |
كريز kireiz |
sifsáf washa' |
dirdár | ||||
| Maltese | siġra | taż-żnuber | arżnu | għargħar ġnibru |
aġġru | betulla <br/? ġummara | balluta tal-ballut |
ċirasa | salċi żafżafa |
ulmu | ||
| Biblical Hebrew | עץ etz |
בְּרוֹשׁ berosh |
אֹ֫רֶן oren |
עֲרוֹעֵר aroer רֹ֫תֶם rethem |
אַלּוֹן allon |
צפצפה tsaphtsâphâh |
||||||
| Hebrew | עץ etz |
אשוח ashuach |
אורן oren |
ערער arar |
אֶדֶר éder |
אלון alon |
עץ דובדבן 'etz duvdevan |
עֲרָבָה arava |
בוקיצה | |||
| Ugaritic | dprn | |||||||||||
| Aramaic | bəlūṭā dar-balūṭa |
paquske | xīlapta | |||||||||
| Mandaic | alvnpya | cynya | baluda bvlywz mylya |
ewrbvnv | ||||||||
| Syriac | 'elātē | 'isṭrubliyā | daprānā | bəlūṭā | qerasiyā | |||||||
| Ge'ez | 'om | 'ilāṭe 'eleṭe |
ḥəqqʷ peṭen piṭon sanobār saṭarabelon saṭrobilon |
ṣəḥd | bālut dərs dərus pəryon |
qərāsəyā | 'eṭə'ā kʷiḥā |
|||||
| Tigrinya | gerebɨ omɨ |
s’ɨħɨdi | 'anqʷa ṣəḥdi |
baluṭ | kʷiḥā t͡ʃeri |
|||||||
| Tigre | sänobär | 'anqa ṣəḥd |
||||||||||
| Amharic | zaf | sänobar | ṭəd | yäts'd zaf | baluṭ | tikur inchet | kaya | |||||
| Harari | lafú | ṭəḥdi | ||||||||||
| Gafat | zafʷɛ | čədā |
Berber languages
| Language | Tree | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kabyle | addag ttəʒrˁa |
azumbi | εεeṛεeṛ | iccer ggizem | icꝁir iggi tasaft zzan |
abucic aḍebbuj |
laḥeḃlemluki laḥebbeṭ-lemluk liḥeḃlemlukin |
aṣefṣaf | ulmu |
Cushitic languages
| Language | Tree | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Awngi | kani | tsədi | ||||||||||
| Blin | 'ənqʷā | |||||||||||
| Somali | baar geed |
deyib | shoï | |||||||||
| Timbaro | ṭəda |
Austro-Asiatic languages
Mon-Khmer languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vietnamese | linh sam | thông | bách xù | phong | ô rô | phong | sồi | anh đào | liểu | du | |
| Katu | ŋɔ | ||||||||||
| Triw | ʔiŋɔ: | ||||||||||
|
Western Bruu (Bru-Vân Kiều) |
sǝŋɔ | ||||||||||
| Pacoh | ʔǝŋɔ: | ||||||||||
| Ta Oi | aŋɔ: | ||||||||||
| Rengao | hǝŋo.T | ||||||||||
| Sedang | hǝŋɔ.T |
Khasi-Khmuic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| De'ang | ŋge ŋkɛ:i | ||||||||||
| U | ki.1 | ||||||||||
| Ava | ghiʔ | ||||||||||
| Lawa | ŋgiʔ | ||||||||||
| Paraok | giʔ.B | ||||||||||
| Va (Wa) | khiʔ.B gum- |
Munda languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Santali | balut dare |
Austronesian languages
Malayo-Polynesian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indonesian | cemara | pinus | jintan | maple | holly | birch birk |
ek oak |
ceri sakura |
dedalu | elm | |
| Malay | pain pinus |
jintan saru | mapel | mensirah | bic | oak | ash | ceri | dedalu | elm | |
| Tagalog | pir | pino | dyuniper | mepl | asebo | owk | seresa tseri |
wilow | |||
| Hawaiian | lā'au ka'a pila 'aleka |
paina | lunipela lokema |
mēpala | 'aiea kāwa'u |
pūkowi | 'oka | 'ōlena | keli | wīlou | lā'au ka'a |
Basque language
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Basque ( Gipuzkoan) |
izei | pinu | ipar-ipuru | astigar aztigar |
gorostia | urki | haritz | lizar | gerezi gereziondo |
sahats | zumar |
| Biscayan | astigar | ||||||||||
| Upper Navarrese | astigar | ||||||||||
| Lapurdian | gastigar gaztigar | ||||||||||
| Lower Navarrese | leher | astigar gastigar gaztigar | |||||||||
|
Souletin (Zuberoan) |
leher | astigar | |||||||||
| Roncalese | ler | astigar gaztigar |
Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages
Chukotkan languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chukchi | wǝ́lɣil |
Kamchatkan languages
Dravidian languages
Northern Dravidian
Central Dravidian
South-Central Dravidian
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Telugu | భూర్జము bhūrjamu |
ఒక విధమైన చెట్టు oka vidhamaina ceTTu |
Southern Dravidian
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tamil | தேவதாரு tēvatāru |
milaru purchchamaram |
karuvalimaram sinthuramaram |
vanavirukshavisesham ormaram | |||||||
| Toda | pǖɫ̣ | ||||||||||
| Kannada | huruḷu |
Hurro-Urartian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hurrian | azúγi | azúγi | mahri |
Indo-European languages
Albanian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albanian | bardhë bredh |
pishë zezë |
dëllinja | fletëgjerë ulzë |
ashja | mështekna | dushku lis |
frashër | qershi vishnjë |
shelgu | vidh |
Anatolian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hittite | tanau- | hiqqar- | katta-kangali |
Armenian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armenian | եղևնի eġevni |
սոճի soč̣i |
գիհի gihi |
թխկի t'xki |
սղոցի sġoc'i |
կեչի keči |
կաղնի kaġni |
հացենի hac'eni հացի hac'i |
բալենի baleni կեռասենի keraseni |
ուռենի ureni |
թեղի t'eġi |
Balto-Slavic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old Prussian | adlē | peuse preidē |
kaddegs | skutîs | berzē | gilē | (v)osis | sindis | apevitvo apsē |
skirptus vinksno | |
| Latvian | baltegle | priede | kadiķis | kļava | aslapainā palma | bērzs | ozols | osis | ķirši | kārkls vītols |
gobas |
| Latgalian | egle | prīds | kļovs | bārzs | ūzuls | ūss | tresneica vīšne |
veituls | |||
| Lithuanian | kėnis | pušis | kadagys | klevas | bugienis | beržas | ąžuolas | uosis | kryklė trešnė vyšnia |
blindė gluosnis karklas |
guoba |
| Samogitian | eglė | pošės | kadagys | klevs | beržos | ōžouls | ousis | čerešnės vīšnės |
|||
| Old Church Slavonic | boru' | sosna | smrěčъ | breza | dǫbŭ | yasika | vrĭbije | ||||
| Russian | пихта píxta |
сосна sosná |
можжевельник možževél’nik |
клён kljon |
падуб pádub |
берёза berjóza |
дуб dúb |
ясень jásen’ |
черешня čeréšnja вишня víšnja |
ива íva верба vérba |
ильм il'm вяз vjaz |
| Ukrainian | ялиця yalitsya ялинка yalynka |
сосна sosna |
яловець yalovets’ ялівець yalivets’ |
клен klen |
падуб padub |
береза bereza |
дуб dub |
ясеня yasenya |
вишня vyšnja |
верба verba |
в'яза v'yaza |
| Belarusian | піхта pixta |
сасна sasná хвоя xvója |
ядловец jadloviec |
клён klion |
падуб padub |
бяроза biaroza бярозавы biarozavy |
дуб dub |
ясеня jasienia |
вішнёвы višniovy |
вярба vyarba |
вяз viaz |
| Czech | jedle | borovice | jalovec | javor | cesmina | bříza | dub | jasan | třešeň třešně višeň |
vrba | jilm |
| Slovak | jelka | borovica smrek |
obyčajná | javor | cezmínu | breza | dub | jaseň | čerešna | vŕba | brest |
| Polish | jodła | sosna | jałowiec | klon | ostrokrzew | brzoza | dąb | jesion | czereśnia wiśnia |
wierzba | wiąz |
| Silesian | dymb | trzyśńa | dřewo | ||||||||
| Kashubian | sosna chójka |
jałówc | jawòr klón |
brzózka | krzesznia wisznia |
wierzba | wijąg | ||||
| Polabian | süsnó | jeivó | |||||||||
| Upper Sorbian | jědla | chójna | jałorc | klon | wótrolist | brěza | dub | jaseń | wišnja | wjerba | wjaz |
| Lower Sorbian | jedła | chójca | klon | wótrolist | brjaza | dub | jaseń | wišnina | wjerba | wěz | |
| Bulgarian | ела ela |
бор bor мура mura |
хвойна khvoĭna |
клен klen явор yavor |
джел dzhel |
бреза breza |
дъб dŭb |
пепел pepel ясен yasen |
върба čereša вишна višna |
върба vŭrba |
бряст bryast |
| Macedonian | чам čam ела ela |
бор bor |
смрека smreka |
јавор javor клен klen |
зелениката zelenikata |
бреза breza |
даб dab |
јасен jacen пепел pepel |
цреша creša вишна višna |
врба vrba |
брест brest |
| Bosnian | jéla | bor | kleka | javor | božika | breza | hrast | jasen | trešnja višnja |
vrba | brest |
| Croatian | jéla | bor pinija |
borovica kleka smrič |
javor klen |
božika crnika |
breza | hrast | jasen | trešnja višnja |
vrba | brijest vez |
| Serbian | јела jela |
бор bor боровина borovina |
клека kleka смрека smreka |
јавор javor |
зеленика zelenika |
бреза breza |
храст hrast |
јасен jasen |
трешња trešnja вишња višnja |
врба vrba |
брест brest |
| Slovene | jelka | bor pinija |
brin | javor | bodika | breza | hrast | jesen | češnja višnja |
vrba | brest |
Celtic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gaulish | adlinos sappus |
sappus | opolos | collis colinnos |
betua | tanno cassanos |
lemo limo | ||||
| Welsh | ffynidwydd sybwydd |
pinwydd | meryw aith eithin |
masarn | celyn | bedw | derw dar |
onnen | ceirios | helyg | llwyfen |
| Old Breton | ezlen | ethin | |||||||||
| Breton | sapr sap |
pin | jenevreg | skav-gwrac'h | kokoù kelenn |
bezv bezuenn |
dero tann |
onn ounnenn |
kerez kerezenn |
halek halegen |
evlec'h |
| Cornish (historical) | aidhlen aidlen saban sibnit sibuit |
pin saban sibuit |
eythinen | celin holm |
bedewen bezo bezula |
derven glastenen |
enwedhan onnen |
heligen | elaw ula | ||
| Cornish (modern) | saban zaban zabwîdh |
pinbren | merow | gwyniolan | kelynan | bezowan | dar glastanan |
enwedhan | gwedhan shirian keresan |
heligan | elan |
| Old Irish | gius ochtach |
ailm giuis ochtach |
aitenn | cuileand cuilenn tinne |
beithe bethe |
dair daur |
onn ind-huinnius |
idath | sail sailech |
lem | |
| Middle Irish | gius ochtach |
gius ochtach |
cuilenn | fuindseog | lem | ||||||
| Irish | giúis giumhas |
crann giúise | aiteal aiteann |
mhalpais | cuileann cuilenn |
beith | darach dair |
fuinseog uinseann |
silíní | saileach saileog |
sleamháin |
| Scottish Gaelic | giuthas | ghiuthas giuthas |
aiteann | mhalpais | cuileann | beith | darach darag rìgh-na-coille |
uinnseann | siris(t) | seileach | ailm leamhan |
|
Scottish Gaelic (MacBain) |
giuthas | giuthas | aitionn sineubhar |
cuilionn | beith | darach | uinnseann | siris sirist |
seileach | ailm | |
| Manx | juys | juys | malpys | beih | darragh | unjin | cocheayllagh | shellagh |
Germanic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| * Proto-Germanic | furkhon | feuht(j)ōn | maplo- | hulin- | berkjon | aiks | askaz askiz |
salχaz walg- weligaz withjon- |
elmaz | ||
| Lombardic | fereha | ||||||||||
| Old High German | tanna | fiohta fiuhta foraha forha |
einbere kranawitu wachal |
mazzaltra | hulis | birka | eih fereheih |
ask | kirsa | salaha wida |
elm |
| Middle High German | tanne vorhe |
kien tan viehte |
einbere kranewite queckholder |
ahorn maser |
huls | birke birche |
eich eiche |
asch | kirse kirsche wihsel |
wide wilge |
elm |
| German | Tanne | Kiefer | Wacholder | Ahorn | Stechpalme Hulst |
Birke | Eiche | Esche | Kirsche | Weide | Ulme |
| Luxembourgish | Fiicht | Dänn | Wakelter | Ahorn | Bierk | Eech | Esch | Kiischte | Weid | Ulm | |
|
Pennsylvania German (Pennsylvania Dutch) |
Tanne | Beintbaam | Wacholder | Meebel | Stechpalme | Baerickebaam | Eeche | Esch Eschebaam |
Kasch Kaschebaam Zuckerbaam |
Weide Weidebaam |
Rauschebaam |
| Bavarian | Tanna | Kiefa | Kranawitt | Ahorn | Biakn | Oach | Eschn | Kiaschn | Weidn | Beaguiman | |
| Alemannic German | Dane Tannu |
Kiifer | Reckholder | Ahoorä | Berchulti | Eichä | Chriädschibömm | Wijrli | |||
| Vilamovian | aach | ||||||||||
| Yiddish | טענענבוים tenenboym |
סאָסנע sasne sosne |
קאַדיק kadik יאַלאָװעץ yalovets |
קליאָנ klyon נעזבױם nezboym |
בערעזע bereze |
דעמב demb |
אַשבוים ashboym |
קאַרש karsh ווײַנשל vaynshl |
ערבה arava ווערבע verbe |
||
| Old Frankish | hulis | birke | wīksina | halster salha |
|||||||
| Middle Dutch | danne | pijn | geniver | huls hulse |
berke | ek | asch | krieke meggy |
halster wilghe |
olme | |
| Dutch | spar zilverspar |
den | jeneverbes | esdoorn ahorn |
hulst | berk | eik | es | kers kriek |
wilg | iep olm |
| Afrikaans | silwerspar | denneboom | jenewerstruik | ahorn | huls steekpalm |
berk | eik akkerboom |
esseboom | kersie | wilger | iep olm |
| Old Saxon | danna dennia furia |
sivenbom | mapulder | hulis | birka biricha |
ac | ask | kirsikbom | wilgia | olm | |
| Middle Low German | dan danne vūre |
dan danne vūre |
eyneberen-holt | lönen-holt mapeldorn |
hüls | berke | ēke | asch esch |
kornelle | salwiede wiede wilge |
elm |
| Dutch Low Saxon | den | jeneverbees | plataan | birk | eek | kaars | |||||
| Gronings | kaars kaarze |
||||||||||
| Zeelandic | ulst | ||||||||||
| Low German | Danne | Fuhr | Einberenbom Enbere Machandelboom |
Weissebern Weisseper Weissneber Weissneper |
Hülse Hulst |
Berke Birke |
Eekboom | Esch | Wispel | Wiede | Elm |
| Plautdietsch | Tauneboom | Tauneboom | Wachholda | Ssockaboom | Boakjeboom | Äkj | Ascheboom | Kjoasch Kjoascheboom |
Wied | Reesta Reestaboom | |
| Old English | æbs furh fyrh |
pīn pīntrēow |
cwicbeam | mapul- mapultrēow |
holeġn | beorc bierce birce |
āc | æsc | ciris | salh welig wiliġ |
elm |
| Middle English | firre | pine | junipere | mapel | holin hollen |
birche birk |
ook | asche frayne |
cheri | welew wilghe wilowe wilwe |
elm |
| English | fir | pine | juniper | maple | holly | birch | oak | ash | cherry | osier sallow willow withy |
elm |
| Scots | fir | bunnet fir pine |
jeniper | plane | hollin | birk | aik | esh | cherry gean |
sauch saugh |
elm |
| North Frisian | tan | sjüürenbuum | wacholder | birkebuum | iakebuum | eskebuum | käärsbuum | pualemrut wilag |
liperbuum | ||
| Saterland Frisian | Danne | Fjuurenboom | Wacholder | Dulle-Huunde | Birke | Eeke | Säärse | Wüülgen | |||
| West Frisian | wylch | ||||||||||
| Old Norse | fūra | fūra thöll |
einir | hlynr mösurr |
hulfr | björk | eikr | askr | heggr | píll selja |
almr |
| Norwegian - Bokmål | edelgran gran |
furu | einer enebær |
lønn naur |
kristtorn | bjørk | eik | ask | kirsebær | vier | alm |
| Norwegian - Nynorsk | edelgran | fura | brake brisk eine einer sprake |
lønn | beinved kristtorn |
björk | eik | ask | kirsebær | selja | alm |
| Icelandic | furu | fura | einir | hlyn | Kristþyrnir jólaviður |
björk | eik | ask | hegg kirsuberjatré |
víði | álm |
| Faroese | furu | fura | bjørk | eik | ask | pílur | álm | ||||
| Danish | ædelgran gran |
fyr | enebær | løn naver naur |
kristtorn | birk | eg | ask | kirsebær | pil | elm |
| Swedish | ädelgran gran |
tall | en | lönn naver |
järnek | björk | ek | ask | körsbär | vide | alm |
Hellenic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mycenaean Greek | é-ra-to | pí-tu-s | thu-i-a | pha-go-s | e-ri-ka | pte-re-wa | |||||
| Classical Greek | péuka | kédro-s | ákasto-s sphéndamnos |
aig-ílōp-s | ípso-s | akher-ōí-s | helike keras(e)ía kéraso-s |
élíkas itea iteia |
pteléa | ||
| Greek | έλατο élato |
πεύκο peuko |
άρκευθος arkeuthos |
σφένδαμος sphendamos |
ίλεξ ilex |
σημύδα semuda |
δρυς drys βελανιδιά velanidiá |
φραξός phraxos |
κερασιά kerasiá κερασιάς kerasias |
ιτιά itia |
λεύκα léfka φτελιά phtelia |
Indo-Iranian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sanskrit | pituhdaruh सरला sárala |
akrá-ḥ | bhūrja-ḥ | ||||||||
| Hindi | देवदार dēvadāra |
चिड़ cīra पाइन pā'ina सनोबर sanōbara |
जुनिपर junipara |
मेपल mēpala |
सन्टी sanṭī |
बलूत balūt बांज bān̄ja |
चेरी cērī |
बेंत bēnta |
एल्म ēlma | ||
| Urdu | چلغوز chilghozā |
||||||||||
|
Romani (Kalderash) |
brádo | píno | yárba | bagrémo | búrcho | bóro | kasht-kovlo | chirash | yélma | ||
| Assamese | সৰল sarala |
ওক ōka |
|||||||||
| Bengali | দেবদারূ dēbadārū |
পাইন pā'ina সরলবৃক্ষ saralabr̥kṣa |
একধরণের ēkadharaṇēra |
বৃক্ষবিশেষ br̥kṣabiśēṣa ম্যাপেল myāpēla |
চিরশ্যামল গুল্মবিশেষ ciraśyāmala gulmabiśēṣa |
বার্চ bārca ভূর্জ bhūrja ঠেঙ্গান ṭhēṅgāna |
ওক ōka |
চেরি cēri |
বৃক্ষবিশেষ br̥kṣabiśēṣa |
বেদারুজাতীয় বৃক্ষবিশেষ bēdārujātīẏa br̥kṣabiśēṣa | |
| Marathi | dēvadārū dhupācē ñjhāḍa sarala |
dhupāḷī | atvikha ativiṣa |
vāḷuñja | ainasādaḍā | ||||||
| Nepali | धूपी dhuupii |
सल्ला salila |
|||||||||
| Punjabi | chíhl chíl |
||||||||||
| Sindhi | چيِلَ chila |
||||||||||
| Dameli | brū̃ṣ | ||||||||||
| Gawar-Bati | bluz | ||||||||||
| Kashmiri | badar budulu pūstil pūstyulu |
cīl ʦēr yörü |
kanur kīl-pathar |
burza būrza |
balūt baráin sīla |
cūjü humu sījū(wu) |
gilās zúmb |
bēd bisa bŏṭa gyuru vīr |
amaröī bran brārī brērī | ||
| Kalami | rā- | čīr šāţ |
biţhir | mūl | ǰīǰ | bä~y mīr |
käsunur | ǰikin | bǟ~ čikǟr |
||
|
Palula (Phalura) |
brhuǯ | ||||||||||
|
Konkani (Goan) |
pinh | ||||||||||
| Ossetic - Digor | нæзи næzi |
||||||||||
| Ossetic - Iron | соцъи sochi |
нæзы næzy |
æхсcлы æxsæly |
tæгæр tægær |
бæрз bærz |
tулдз tuldz |
кæрз kærz |
æхсынцъы æxsynchy гуырдзиаг бал gwyrdziag bal |
xæрис xæris |
xъарман qarman | |
| Sanglechi | bǝrǝž | ||||||||||
| Shughni | ambaẍc | bǝruǯ | |||||||||
| Wakhi | furz | ||||||||||
| Saka | braṁj | ||||||||||
| Kurdish | darûk kac |
tûz | gêlaz | bî | bizî buz wiz wuzm | ||||||
| Northern Kurdish | çam darûk kac | ||||||||||
|
Pashto (Raverty, 1867) |
nā-jū ṣano-bar |
nā-jū naḵ́ẖtar naś̱ẖtar pey huc̱ẖ ṣano-bar |
sarāsar | ḵẖarawaʿh | a-lū-bālū gī-lās nāngaʿh |
bed paḏḏaʿh saped-dār walaʿh wulaʿh |
tāg̠ẖah | ||||
| Pashto | ښتر naʂtar صنوبر ṣanaubar |
وله wala |
|||||||||
| Avestan | hapərəsī- | vaeiti- | |||||||||
|
Parthian (Arsacid Pahlavi) |
aburs | ||||||||||
| Balochi | əpurs | ||||||||||
|
Middle Persian (Sassanid Pahlavi) |
'bwrs('m) | wēd | |||||||||
|
Middle Persian (Pārsīg) |
kāj našk |
afrā | balūt | gilanār | vēd | ||||||
|
Persian (Steingass, 1892) |
arjān | arz urz debdār devārū dev-dārū kāzh nāj nāzh nāzhū |
āwarin āwarīn āwzīn dev-dār dev-ḵẖār dīwār rāsan ṣafīna |
kuḵẖch kuḵẖj |
ballūt̤ sindiyān |
ālī-bālī ālū bālū charāsiyā gīlās māhī-dāna māhūdāna nārwan nārwān qarāsiya qarāsiyā shibāb t̤ārat̤qa wishna |
art̤e art̤ī bahrāma bahrāmaj bīd ḵẖalāf ṣafṣāf sapedār saped-dār |
sāya-ḵẖẉush tūsa | |||
|
Persian (Hayyim, 1934) |
kaj sanowbar shah-derakht |
kaj sanowbar |
ar-ar ardaj ares jarjaree sarv |
afra beelak boosiam |
raj | ghooosheh | baloot sendian |
ahr gonjeshk |
aloobaloo geelas peyvan'deh maryam' vashneh |
artee ban beed safsaf |
derakht narvan |
| Persian | نراد narad |
کاج kâj |
tus | گیلاس gilâs |
بید bid |
guzm narvan vezm | |||||
| Dari (Persian) | archa | alu-baalu | beed | ||||||||
| Tajik | koç sanavbar |
burs burz |
tús | gelos | gujum | ||||||
| Waigali | brūǯ |
Italic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latin | abiēs | pīnus | iūniperus | acer | aquifolia | betula | quercus robur |
fraxinus | cerasus | salix | ulmus |
| Latin, New | abies | pinus | juniperus | acer | ilex | betula | quercus | fraxinus | cerasus | salix | ulmus |
| Vulgar Latin | abies | pinus | iiniperus | acer acerabulus acre |
acrifolium | betula | ilicina quercea quercus robellus robur |
fraxinus | ceresia | salix | ulmus |
| Sardinian | pinu opinu |
tziníbiri tziníperu |
àera cóstiche cóstighe olàdighe |
alàse golósti olósti |
chélcu | fràssu | carésia cariàsa |
sàbixi sàrpa |
úlimu | ||
| Corsican | ghjaddicu ghjallicu |
pinu | caracutu | leccia suvara |
frassu | chjarasgiu | vetriccia | ||||
| Dalmatian | vaple | bos | guarno uarno |
cris | |||||||
| Emilian | pin | zinipri | òpi | bdól | qvèrza róvra scòrz valuneia |
frà^an | maraschin zrisa |
séls | ójom | ||
| Italian | abete | pino | ginepro | acero oppio |
agrifoglio | betulla | farnia quercia rovere |
frassino | ciliegio | salice | olmo |
| Ligurian | avê bexu |
pin | zenêvi zenêvu |
àrici àriciu |
agriföggi agriföggiu |
natta natte rüa rüe |
fràsci fràsciu |
ceéxa ceéxe çeixo |
sarxi sarxu saxu |
urmi urmu | |
|
Lombard, Eastern (Brescia) |
pin | acer | scanfòi | betüi | querc | fràssen | maréna saréza |
ùlem | |||
|
Lombard, Western (Milanese) |
pin | acer | àgher | betüi | querc | fràssen | maréna scirésa |
ùlem ulma | |||
| Neapolitan | pino | acéro | agrifoglio | cercule élece |
ceraso | ||||||
| Piedmontese | sapin | pin | genèiver zenèiver |
òbi | agrifeuj làur ëspinos |
biola | ròl sron |
frasso | ceresera | sàles | orm |
| Sicilian | abbeti abbitu abeti abitu àrzanu |
deda dera pignu pinu teda |
inìperu janìparu junìparu junìperu |
àciru àgghiaru arabbli arabli |
addaurufogghiu | biola bitudda vitudda |
cersa cerza cherza chierza |
amiddeu amoddei fràscinu fràssinu middeu muddeu muddìa muddìu |
amarena cirasa girasa marena |
salaguni sàlici |
urmu |
| Venetian | tana | firm muga pino |
xenevro | acero | ełexe | brèdoła | ełexe róare |
farsigołaro fràsene |
saresaro | salež salgaro |
olmo |
| Venetian (variants) | albeo avedin sapin |
pignara | buxicio degnore dhaneoro never zenever |
aier axeo obol opio |
agrifol elexe |
albarela bedoi bedol biola bredola spasaoraro |
elexe giandaro ocara pixoler roar roare rovare rovaro suro |
ascante frasano frasen frasene frasino |
carexer sarexaro sarexer sirexar sirexo zharexer |
salgar salgarola selgaro |
olma olmo onegar |
| Aragonese | abet | pin | chinebro | aciron | cardonera | abetullo | caixico carrasca |
fraixin | ciresera | sarga sarguera |
urmo |
| Catalan | avet | pi | ginebre | auron erable |
grèvol | bedoll | roure | freixe | cereser cirerer guinder |
salze | om |
|
Franco-Provençal (Arpitan) |
pin | genêvro | iserâblo | châno | frano | cerise | ôrmo | ||||
| Occitan | avet | pin | genibra | acero | agreu grefuèlh |
beç | casse garric |
fraisse | cerièra | sause | olm |
| Old French | sapin | pin | genèvre | aceres sicamor |
houlx | boul | chasne | fraisne | cerise | saule sauz |
oulme |
| Middle French | sapin | pin | genèvre | arable | houlx | boulel | chesne | fresne | cerise | saule | orme |
| Champenois | saipé saipin sapin |
pin | genèvre jnève jnèvre jnièvre |
ivor | housset | boule boulin |
châne chein chône dchêne têne |
fragne frane |
aigueurjotié aguerjotié cerègé ceriche chrize guingné mrège slèïge slesse sleuge slèze srègé |
sau sausse |
ourmel |
| French | sapin | pin | genévrier | érable | houx | bouleau | chêne | frêne | bigarreautier cerisier griottier guignier merisier |
saule | orme |
| Poitevin- Saintongeais | sapin | pin pinàe pinié |
jhenebràe jhenevràe |
ajhar ajhér érablle rablle |
cous coussat coussére |
bétou boula boule |
chagne | fragne | aegrassàud ceraesàe ghegnàe ghéndolàe ghignàe |
sàuse sràule |
omàe ome oume oumea umea |
| Old Norman | cherise | ||||||||||
| Gallo | houssa | boula | chêne qeriole |
badier badiolier badisier slésië |
saode | ||||||
|
Norman (Cotentinais) |
sapîn | pîn | érabl'ye sycomôre |
housse | bouôlias | qùêne | frêne | badgiolyi chérîsyi ch'lisier mérîsyi |
saux | orme | |
|
Norman ( Jèrriais) |
sapîn | sapîn | housse | bouôlias vèrgues |
tchêne | badgiolyi chérîsyi mérîsyi tchoeuryi |
saux | orme | |||
| Picard | sapin | pin | éjnévrier | hour | boulhé | qhinne | fréne | chérizhié chrizhié crinqhié |
orme | ||
| Walloon | sapén | pin | pectî | doyåve plaene |
beyôle | tchinne | frinne | ceréjhe | så | ||
| Old Spanish | abete | pino | ginebro | arce | azevo | abedul | lecina roble |
freisno | cerezo guindo |
salze | olmo |
| Asturian | abetu | pino pinu |
cairuetu | pládanu | bidul | carbayu llande rebollu sufrera sufresna |
fresnu | cerezal guindal |
bardaguera blimal salguera |
llamera | |
| Extremaduran | pinu | azevu | argayeru chamorra chamorru |
zereza | zaus | ||||||
| Galician | abeto | piñeiro | xenebreiro | arce | acivro | bidueira bidueiro bido |
carballo | freixo | cerdeira cereixa |
salgueiro | olmo umeiro |
| Leonese | pinu | acéu | ancina carbayu |
zreisal | negriellu | ||||||
| Mirandese | pino | nebro niebro |
|||||||||
| Portuguese | abeto | pinheiro | junípero zimbro |
ácere | azevinho | bétula | carvalho | freixo | cerejeira | salgueiro salso |
olmo ulmeiro |
| Spanish | abeto | pino piñón |
enebro | arce | acebo | abedul | encina roble |
fresno | cerezo guindo |
sauce | olmo |
|
Judaeo-Spanish (Ladino) |
pino pinyon |
rovle | |||||||||
| Aromanian | cireashã | ||||||||||
| Romanian | brad | pin | ienupăr | arțar | ilice | mesteacăn | stejar | frasin | vișin | salcie | ulm |
| Vlach | brad | ulmu |
Tocharian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tocharian B (Kuchean) | yāstaci | yāstaci |
Indo-European Creoles
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haitian Creole | sapen | pen | seriz |
Japonic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old Japanese | momi | matu | murwo | kapjerude m(w)omjiti |
m(w)oti | kanipa | apakji kasipa |
sakura | yanagi | nire | |
| Middle Japanese | mòmì | màtú | káfèdé mòmìdì |
mótí | kánífà | àpàkì kásípà |
támúki tònèríko |
sákúrà | yanagi | níre | |
| Japanese | モミ momi |
マツ matsu |
ビャクシン byakushin イブキ ibuki |
カエデ kaede モミジ momiji |
イヌツゲ inutsuge モチノキ mochinoki タラヨウ tarayō |
カバ kaba カバノキ kabanoki カンバ kanba |
イチイ ichii カシ kashi カシワ kashiwa コナラ konara クヌギ kunugi |
トネリコ toneriko |
サクラ sakura |
ヤナギ yanagi |
ニレ nire |
| Okinawan | maachi | akagi | sakura | yanaji |
Kartvelian languages
Karto-Zan languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Georgian | სოჭი soči naʒvi |
ფიჭვი p'ičvi |
ღვია ğvia ɣvia- ɣviva- |
ნეკერჩხალი nek'erč'xali |
წმინდა tsminda |
არყი arqi |
მუხა muxa |
იფანი ip'ani |
բալ bal կեռաս keṙas |
ტირიფი tiripʻi |
თელა t'ela t'eğa |
| Mingrelian | nuʒu | ||||||||||
| Svan | ɣ(w)iw- |
Mongolic languages
Central
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Middle Mongolian | narasun | narasun | arča | moyil | xutan | ||||||
| Buryat | narhan | burgāha(n) | |||||||||
| Khalkha | čuš gazuur narasu(n) zhodoo |
nars narasu(n) |
arča arz |
agč mod burgana |
baluu mod | xus | zars | yašil mod | čiye intoor monos moyel |
burgas(an) burgās(an) ud |
čayelaas |
| Kalmyk | ɣacūrǝ | narsn | χadŋ | burɣǝsṇ udǝn |
|||||||
| Ordos | burGasu uda |
Shirongolic
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monguor | burGāsǝ sdoxo |
Dagur
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dagur | bargās baregase xudikān |
Mogholi
Niger-Congo languages
Atlantic-Congo languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swahili | mberoshi | msonobari | mreteni | mwaramoni | muwanga | mwaloni | mcheri | msafsafi |
Northeast Caucasian languages
Nakh languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chechen | baza | baga | |||||||||
| Ingush | baza | dijχk |
Avar-Andic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avar | naḳ: | c̣:iní | mikk | ||||||||
| Andi | hinc̣:ir | ||||||||||
|
Karata (Karatin) |
ežela | ||||||||||
| Tokitin | ʕižilu-l ruxa | ||||||||||
| Tindi | žʷala |
Tsezic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tsez | mej | ||||||||||
| Tsez - Kidero | me | ||||||||||
| Tsez - Shapikh | me | ||||||||||
| Bezhta | niqe | miʔe | |||||||||
| Bezhta - Khocharkotin | mije | ||||||||||
| Bezhta - Tlyadal | mije | ||||||||||
|
Hunzib (Gunzib) |
niqe-s | mihe-s | |||||||||
| Khwarshi | mĩhi-s | ||||||||||
| Khwarshi - Inkhokwari | mihe |
Lezgic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aghul | maIržʷ | ||||||||||
| Lezgian | muḳ-rag | ||||||||||
| Tabasaran | muḳ-ruḳ | werš | |||||||||
| Rutul | niḳʷnäχI nuḳnäχI |
c̣ɨb | |||||||||
| Tsakhur | ḳuńaχ | c̣ib |
Northwest Caucasian languages
Abazgi
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abaza | mza-ʕʷ | ||||||||||
| Abkhaz | á-psa | a-mzá | a-ǯ́ |
Circassian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | psajǝ | ||||||||||
| Kabardian | psej | psa-qʷa |
Ubykh
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ubykh | psǝ-ʁʷǝnǝ́ |
Pama-Nyungan languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ngarrindjeri | panpandi |
Sino-Tibetan languages
Sinitic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old Chinese | 松 lhoŋ |
樺 *w_rā(k)s |
橡 lháŋ |
柳 ljǔw |
榆 lo | ||||||
| Middle Chinese | 松 zjöuŋ |
橡 zjáŋ |
櫻 qɛng |
柳 ljǔ |
|||||||
| Mandarin Chinese | 冷杉 lěngshān |
松 sōng |
刺柏 cì bǎi 杜松 dù sōng |
楓 fēng |
冬青 dōngqīng |
樺 huà |
櫟 lì 橡 xiàng |
白臘 bái là |
櫻 yīng |
柳 liǔ |
榆 yú |
| Min-Nan | 松 siông |
||||||||||
| Cantonese | 松 chung4 |
楓 fung1 |
樺 wa6 |
櫟 lik1 |
櫻 ying1 |
柳 lau5 |
榆 yu4 |
Tibeto-Burman languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Limbu | a:N āŋ |
||||||||||
| Kulung | ɔŋwapɔwa | ||||||||||
| Wayu (Vayu) | thoŋ | ||||||||||
| Sherpa | tashing | ||||||||||
| Tibetan | sdom-shing thang-shing |
mchan thang-shing |
spa | lang-mo | |||||||
| Burmese | thaŋh-ruh | thaŋh-ruh | wak-sac-hkya | ||||||||
|
Nuosu (Sichuan Yi) |
te | ||||||||||
| Kachin | mǝrau | mǝrau | |||||||||
| Rawang | śǝru- | ||||||||||
| Trung | sǝ2-ru1 | ||||||||||
|
Mizo (Lushai) |
fâr | fār fâr |
hriang | fah hlai phen sa-sua thal thên ṭhîl vawm-buh |
tlai-zawng | tuipui su-hlah | phân |
Tai-Kadai languages
Tai languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thai | สน son |
ต้นหลิว ton lio |
Tungusic languages
Northern
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evenki | ŋāŋte | ǯagda | ǯulkirē ǯulke |
čalban dīwekte |
inŋēkte ulukta |
hedepte ńamńīkta |
lakamawun | ||||
| Even | ŋāŋtъ̣ ńaŋta |
ǯaɣdъ̣ holtịn |
čālban diwuɣ diwukeɣ |
imukeɣ imŋekēw inmēkte |
|||||||
| Negidal | ŋāŋta | ǯagda | čālban diwegde |
apkā-kta | ịwagda | imŋemkēn | ńamnịkta | ||||
| Solon | ǯagda | iŋekte |
Southern
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nanai | waŋta | ǯāGda | čalbã diwegde |
sịwaGda | siŋēkte | ǯalaqta | |||||
| Orok | waŋta waŋịta |
duwete | siŋekte | ||||||||
| Ulch | waŋta | ǯagda | diwegde | sịwaGda | sińekte | ǯatala | |||||
| Oroch | kolobokto kopolokto |
čā(b)ba duokte |
iwagda | imepe | |||||||
| Udege | ahikta ai-kta kofolokto ŋaŋta |
ahikta aikta seutigi |
kuŋka | cafa-kta čafakt`ai duekte talugda |
oloŋkō | bulu joɣda xulu |
iŋofo isompo |
ńauta sakta |
|||
| Manchu | wantaχa | ǯahǝdǝ ǯahǝdā ǯaqdan |
saqsin | ibadan | jeŋge | fodo laχari |
Turkic languages
Oghuz languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old Turkic | čam aɣač | ||||||||||
| Middle Turkic | qajɨn | ||||||||||
| Turkish | göknar köknar |
çam | ardıç | akçaağaç | çobanpüskülü | huş | meşe | dişbudak | kiraz vişne |
söğüt | karaağaç |
| Azerbaijani | ağ şam | şam | ardıc | qayın | ağcaqayın tozağacı |
palıd | göyrüş | albalı gilas |
söyüd | qaraağac qarağac qurd | |
| Gagauz | čam | ||||||||||
| Turkmen | arça | berÿoza(r) Gajɨŋ |
ülje | söwüt tal |
Kypchak languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turki | karaɣay | ||||||||||
| Kumyk | ürge | ||||||||||
| Karachay-Balkar | balas | andɨz | ürge | emen | |||||||
| Crimean Tatar | emen meşe |
||||||||||
| Karaim | čam cam | ||||||||||
|
Tatar (Kazan Tatar) |
karagay | kos narat karagay |
andɨz | öjɛŋke örɛŋge |
qajɨn | karama | |||||
| Bashkir | balaštɨ | қарағай qarağay |
andɨδ | öjäŋkä | qajɨn | ||||||
| Kazakh | qarağay | arşa ɨrɣaj |
ujeŋki | qajɨŋ | emen | kyzyl tal | andɨz andžɨ | ||||
| Karakalpak | qajɨŋ | shiye | |||||||||
| Kyrgyz | antɨz qar-andɨz qarɨndiz |
qajɨŋ | |||||||||
| Nogai | andɨz | qajɨŋ |
Uyghur Turkic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karakhanid | qaδɨŋ qajɨŋ | ||||||||||
| Uzbek | archa qoraarcha |
oqchechak zarang |
qɛjin | bolut dub eman |
gilos shumurt |
ayg'iz sambit tol |
gujun sada | ||||
| Uyghur | üräŋgi | qejin |
Siberian Turkic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sakha (Yakut) |
bes | kɨtɨan | xatɨŋ | yöt | |||||||
| Dolgan | katɨŋ | ||||||||||
| Tuvan | xadɨ | šānaq | xadɨŋ | ||||||||
|
Tofa (Tofalar) |
xadɨ | ašānaq | qadɨŋ | ||||||||
| Khakas | xarağay xara-xazɨ |
xazɨŋ | |||||||||
| Shor | qazɨŋ | ||||||||||
|
Altay (Oyrot, Southern Altai) |
qarağay | jɨjra | qajɨŋ |
Oghur languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chuvash | xɨrъ | vǝʷrene | xorъn | juman | khurama |
Uralic languages
Finnic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estonian | nulg | mänd | kadakas | vaher | iileks | kask kõiv |
tamm | saar | kirsipuu | paju | jalakas |
| Finnish | pihta | mänty | kataja | vaahtera | laakeri | koivu | tammi | saarni | kirsikka | paju | jalava |
Ugric languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungarian | jegenyefenyő | fenyő | boróka | gyűrű juhar |
magyal | nyírfa | tölgy | kőris | cseresznye cseresznyefa |
fűz fűzfa |
szilfa |
Khanty language
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vakh dialect | ńălki̮ | ||||||||||
| 'Ob dialect | ńălχa |
Mansi language
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sosva dialect | ńuläś ńuli ńuliś |
kǟšēpiw | |||||||||
| Pelym dialect | ńul | kašǟpjüw | |||||||||
| Kondin dialect | ńol | kɔ̄̈spjiw | |||||||||
| Tavdin dialect | ńolē̮ |
Mari languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eastern Mari (Meadow Mari) | нулго nulgo |
пӱнчӧ pünčö |
ваштар vaštar |
куэ kue |
тумo tumo |
ломбо lombo |
уа ua |
||||
| Western Mari (Hill Mari) | пӹзӹлмӹгож pɯzɯlmɯgozh пихта pihta |
йӓктӹ jӓktɯ |
куги kugi |
тум tum |
шӧрвӓ shӧrvӓ |
ломбы lombı |
ӱэ üe |
нолгы nolgı |
Mordvinic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erzya | piche | kiĺej | tumo | kal' | s'elej | ||||||
| Moksha | maraz' | kelu |
Permic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Komi | n'ıv ńi̮v ńi̮l ńøl |
požöm | kač-pomeĺ | bad' | |||||||
| Udmurt | ńi̮l-pu ńǝ̑l-pǝ̑ |
Sami languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lule Sami | kaska | ||||||||||
| Northern Sami | beahci | gâskâs reatká |
lageš skierri soahki |
ávža čirsa |
sieđga | ||||||
| Kildin Sami | køskas |
Samoyedic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kamassian | naлɣo noлɣo | ||||||||||
| Selkup | njulg njŭlgȇ njulgэ njulg(a) ńölg͔ |
Language isolates
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ainu | hup | totonup | nitat-topeni | kitat-ni sitat-ni |
pin-ni pir-ni |
kiki kikinni |
chipni-susu ura-susu |
at-ni chikisa-ni | |||
| Burushaski | gaśí | kác̣ul | |||||||||
| Middle Korean | čāt čās čǝ̄n-namu |
sór | čhăm-nam'u čoričham-namo kàràp |
mǝ̀s | pǝ̀tɨ́r | nɨ̀rɨ́p | |||||
| Korean | gusang-namu 전나무 jeon-namu |
솔 sol 소나무 so-namu |
두송 dusong 노간주나무 noganju-namu taehahyangmok |
단풍나무 danpung-namu 고로쇠나무 gorosoe-namu |
감탕나무 gamtang-namu |
박달나무 bakdal-namu 자작나무 jajag-namu jajak-namu |
참나무 cham-namu karam-namu |
물푸레나무 mulpurae-namu |
벚나무 beot-namu |
버들 beodeul 버드나무 beodeu-namu |
느릅나무 neureum-namu |
| Korean (North) | 벗나무 pŏt-na-mu |
||||||||||
| Sumerian | usuh | usuh | dubran li zabalum |
ĝešgana | alla allanum |
kim manu šagkal |
Old and New World language families
Dené-Yeniseian languages
Na-Dené languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tlingit | leiyís | l'él | x'aalx'éi | at daayí | gus'k'ikwáan l'eiwú gus'k'ikwáan l'oowú |
ch'áal' | |||||
| Hupa | nisk'iŋ | miʒe'wʔxole'n | cime'c'iŋ | kitaŋ | kinehstan | qayliW | |||||
| Navajo | ńdíshchíí' | gad | sóól | didzéłchíí | kʼishchííʼ naʼazhǫǫsh |
chéchʼil | dahbaʼ | didzéchííʼ | kʼaiʼ | ||
| Western Apache | nilchi' | gad | chich'il | k'ai |
Yeniseian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ket | dɨ̄ń hɔ́j-ɔkś | ||||||||||
| Yugh | dɨn fɔ́j-ɔksɨ | ||||||||||
| Kott | tīni | uča | |||||||||
| Arin | istigen ṕhaj-d́a tin |
aja | |||||||||
| Pumpokol | dɨ́ńe | koŋoŋho |
Eskimo-Aleut languages
Aleut language
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aleut | cumnax | cumnax | alaxtaq | usgiq |
Yupik languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naukan Yupik | ɣulɣílǝ | ||||||||||
| Alutiiq - Koniag | qasʁulǝk | ||||||||||
| Sirenik | wǝlɣíla |
Inuit languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Inupiat (Seward Peninsula) |
uɣlíli | ||||||||||
|
Inupiat (Northern Alaskan) |
urɣīĺiq | ||||||||||
| Inuvialuk - Siglit | ujɣīliq | ||||||||||
| Greenlandic | orpik manngertoq |
New World language families
Algic languages
Algonquian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blackfoot | pûqtokĭ | ||||||||||
|
Blackfoot (per Tims, 1889) |
pakhtoki | patokhi | pokkip | mikopixsuyi | |||||||
| Cheyenne | vé'evêšéstótó'e vó'komêšéstótó'e |
hoóxe'e šéstótó'e |
ve'evêšéstótó'e | vesceesš | hookomeš hoomeš oó'omêše |
motó | menóe | méno'ke | homenó'e | ||
| Cree | ᓇᐸᑳᓯᐦᑕ napakâsihta |
ᐅᐢᑳᐦᑕᐠ oskâhtak |
ᑳᐦᑳᑮᐋᐧᐦᑎᐠ kâhkâkîwâhtik ᒥᐦᑳᐧᐯᒪᑲᐧᐦᑎᐠ mihkwâpemakwahtik |
ᓭᓯᐹᐢᑲᐧᑖᐦᑎᐠ sesipâskwatâhtik |
ᑭᐢᑭᓄᐋᐧᒋᐦᒋᑲᐣ ᑲ ᓃᐹᔭᒥᐦᐊᕁ kiskinowâcihcikan ka nîpâyamihahk ᒪᓂᑐ ᑮᓯᑳᐤ ᐊᐧᐁᐧᓯᐦᒋᑫᐃᐧᐣ manito kîsikâw wawesihcikewin |
ᐊᐧᐢᑲᐧᕀ waskway |
ᒥᐢᑎᑯᒥᓈᐦᑎᐠ mistikominâhtik |
ᐊᐧᒋᐊᐧᐦᑎᐠ waciwahtik |
ᒥᐦᑯ ᒦᓂᐢ mihko mînis ᑕᑲᐧᐦᐃᒥᓈᓈᐦᑎᐠ takwahiminânâhtik |
ᓃᐱᓰᕀ nîpisîy |
ᑭᓵᐢᑕᐤ ᒦᑐᓴᐦᑎᐠ kisâstaw mîtosahtik |
| Fox (Sauk) | meshkwâwâhkwa | anîpi | |||||||||
| Menominee | pekēwāhtek | askāh ohkīhkāhtek pāhkenakāēmeh |
sōpomāhtek | mahkūkīh wīkīhsāhtek |
askēqtemeh maeqtekomeh |
kāhpaehnak | paehnāqnawemenāhtek wīkīhsemenāhtek |
kenūpikuahtek kenūsīqsekapaweh maehkūpīmak |
anēpāhtek | ||
|
Menominee (H.H. Smith) |
pikewa'xtîk | okika'tîk okika'xtîk skako'sa wenakä'x |
sopoma'tîk | anepakakwa'tîk apä'simînûn |
ęmkwansűk | iwî'skîpi me'nûn iwî'skîpi mîna'xtik panä'xnowi mîna'xtîk |
kinusishiwu'pwis täpa'sikît | osa'sikûp sausî'kop | |||
| Miami-Illinois | tchingɵcɵa | apakamaganingi | ɵaɵipingɵkatɵi michingɵeminja |
rapaɵarɵi | pakacɵeningi | ||||||
|
Ojibwe (Minnesota) |
zhingob | okikandaag zhingwaak |
miskwaawaak | aninaatig | wiigwaas | mitigomizh | aagimaak | ookweminan | oziisigobimizh | aniib ozhaashigob | |
| Potawatomi | gishki shkop |
shenamesh | wigwasatek | tegwesh | wisgak | anib | |||||
|
Potawatomi (Forest, per H.H. Smith) |
kêki'ntebä | bagkwînaga'mîc cîngwak |
aca'wûskonis | caca'gobimîc cicigîme'-wîc inina'tig kisinamîc |
sakwa'kmînagawîc | wîgwa'samîc wînîsa'tîk |
nepa'käkwūtīk | okwe'mînûn sûswe'mînaga'wîc |
sisigo'bamîc | anib cacî'gûb | |
| Shawnee | wa-làh-qú-thàh-keè-tah | m'-tuk-o-meè-shee | mee-yah-làhk-wah | a-neèp-ee | |||||||
| Abenaki-Western | kokokh8akw-k zedibego-k |
basaakw-k goa-k |
mekwisagezo-ak | bilkimizi-ak mskwebages-ak sen8mozi-ak |
maskwamozi-ak wins-ak |
-mezi-ak | -maahlakws-ak | -menakwam-ak | kanozas-ak | anibi-ak pezagholigan-ak | |
| Malecite-Passamaquoddy | puhpukhawihqimus stahqon |
ku kuw |
kakskus | sonaw | masqemus mosson |
asahqahawimus asahqahatoq olonikp wahcilomoss |
akomahq wikp |
masqesimin oluwimin sonutamkimin |
konusehs | cossakonikp cossikonikp | |
| Mi'kmaq | guow | snawei | masgwi | mimgwaqanimusi | epsmusi | masgwe'siman(aqsi) | |||||
|
Unami (Lenape) |
kuwe | pëpxòkwës | ansikëmès | salaxtekwimënshi wewchëlitunas |
mixakanakw | chèlis mwimënshi |
nushèmakw | lokanahunshi xkwikpiakw |
Arawakan languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taíno | yana | ||||||||||
| Garifuna | gudi | hibuari | gumaga |
Chibchan languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rama | bas |
Iroquoian languages
Southern Iroquoian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cherokee | notsi | atsina | usdasdi | tsusga | delegalis diligalisgi |
dawatsila tsuwadona |
Northern Iroquoian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mohawk | onēnta | onen'takwenhten:tshera | wahta | watenake:tarons | karihton otokenha |
ehsa kaneron/o'non:na |
erihko:wa teiakonia'tawne:'eks |
onekwenhtara niwatahtshero:ten o:se ose'ko:wa |
aka:ratsi | ||
| Oneida | onʌʔtʌ·sa | kanʌʔtú·saʔ ohnéhtaʔ |
tekanʌtakwʌhtʌʔ | awʌhaníkwal <br?> wáhtaʔ | ohnakwʌhsaʔ tekalaʔwisá·lu yotnakalatasé |
-huw- kánluʔ |
e·lí elikkó teyakonyaʔthalahtá·neʔ |
teyothwalanekalákwʌ yokwilahkaliyó |
|||
| Tuscarora | čuhkúhnęʔ | háhteh -htehn- |
anę·ʔnya? -nęʔtakwęte |
akę·suʔr -čikheʔt- |
-nak- | čúheʔ karátkwar kù·reh |
kahęwè·yaʔ | čè·riʔ è·riʔ kwanyaʔtarahkwáhnęh |
krę·r | karátkwar |
Kiowa-Tanoan languages
Tiwa languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taos | p’ȍk’úowoną | wę̀’énemą | hų̏p'ôhaną | tų́łęną | kwę́łoną | ə̂bena | íałoną | ||||
| Tewa | tenjo | to | hu | te'jii | pinnæ'in tewabe | kwæ | 'abe | jan |
Muskogean languages
Western
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chickasaw | 'tijak | hishi'asi | |||||||||
| Choctaw | tiak | chuala | chukchu | esta hoola iti hishi halupa |
opahaksun | baii baiyi bashto bishkoni bushto chisha chiskilik nusapi |
shinap | italikchi | takoinsha takonwisha tikoinsha |
balup tohto |
Eastern
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | aatichoosanàyli ittohissishalokpa ittokchakko katsgimilpa |
||||||||||
| Creek | cule | vcenv | heno | awotaicita inlokci:ca:tȋ vsse |
kvlv lakcvpe |
'to-hvtkv | 'to-fvmpe | akwahnv | lopakv | ||
| Mikasuki | ahihátk î asi asilakn î canȃ:filápi canȃ:fili |
||||||||||
| Yamasee | foskey |
Plateau Penutian languages
Klamath language
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Klamath | toq'-s |
Sahaptian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nez Perce | patosway patoy picpic pitxpitx |
lalxsaway laqa qalamqalam seysey |
cikeyelx puhus |
heslips | sapatayosway | qeqeyux | qeqe'eyx qeqeyux |
piplac taxs |
|||
| Sahaptin | puš |
Pomoan languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eastern Pomo | kʼe·ré·sapʼ kó·tʰi·xa·lè xa·Wé·xa·lè |
si·pʰú· | qá·bayapʼ | ba·kʰú· |
Siouan languages
Catawban languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Catawba | itawa | yą́pą |
Western Siouan languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lakota | wazi | hante | cansuska | canhasan | ituhu utahu |
psehte | canpahu | cohwanjica wahpepopa |
pe tuntunpa |
Quechuan languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quechua | awitu | pinu | iniwru | arsi | asiwu wayusa |
awidul | chaparru insina rawli |
sirisa | sawsi wayaw |
Uto-Aztecan languages
Northern Uto-Aztecan languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cahuilla | saxa-t | ||||||||||
| Colorado River | oɣompɨ | ||||||||||
| Comanche | wokoβi | ekapokowaapi | kunanatsu | tusohokwe | |||||||
| Hopi | calávi tuba |
hohu | |||||||||
| Kawaiisu | woɣo- wogo- |
||||||||||
| Mono | wokkoβɨ | sɨhɨbɨ sɨhɨɨpɨ |
|||||||||
| Northern Paiute | wokkoppi | sɨɨbi | |||||||||
| Serrano | haxa-t | ||||||||||
| Shoshoni | wongopin | woŋɡoβin wongopin wongoo'bi |
samapin waapi wappin |
hukutsappeh | doo'nambe | seheebi | |||||
| Timbisha | woŋɡoβi | sɨhɨpi |
Southern Uto-Aztecan languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nahuatl | oyametl | ocotl | quetzalmizquitl | acezintli | ilitl | ahuaquahuitl | capolin capulin |
huexotl | |||
| Tarahumara | oʰkó | ||||||||||
| Tarahumara (hispanicized) |
okó | weri okó | uré | kusabí | rotosí |
Language isolates
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Chimané (Moseten) |
ivi | ||||||||||
| Chitimacha | no'ut wai't'i |
||||||||||
|
P'urhépecha (Tarascan) |
p'ukurhi | ||||||||||
| Timucua | iso isota |
aha tuku |
|||||||||
|
Yaghan (Yámana) |
haniš | ||||||||||
| Zuni | taʔwi |
Constructed languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Esperanto | abio | cembro pinarbo pino |
junipero | acero | ilekso | betulo | kverko | frakseno | ĉerizarbo ĉerizo merizo paduso |
saliko | ulmo |
| Ido | abieto piceo |
pino | junipero | acero | ilexo | birko | querko | fraxino | cerizo | saliko | ulmo |
| Interlingua | abiete | pino | junipero | acere | ilice | betula | robore | fraxino | ceresiero | salice | ulmo |
| Lojban | ckunu | ckunu | labypiltricu | tricu | |||||||
| Novial | abiete | pine | junipere | acere | birke | querke | fraxine | serise | salise | ulme | |
| Volapük | fir | pein | yunip | zaär | liäg | biad | kvärep | sorbabim | celabim celep |
salig | lorm |
The following tables list the names of common trees in various languages and scripts of the world. Where possible, each language's native writing system is used, along with transliterations in Latin script and other important writing systems where applicable.
Old World language families
Afro-Asiatic languages
Egyptian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Egyptian | w'n | ||||||||||
| Coptic | nom | qwri |
Semitic languages
| Language | Tree | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akkadian | iṣum | ašūhu | burāšu daparānu daprānu supālu |
allānu | ||||||||
| Arabic | شَجَرَة šájara |
تنوب tunub |
صنوبر ṣanawbar |
عَرْعَر arar |
قيقب qayqab |
بهشية bihashiah |
قضبان qutban |
بلوط ballūṭ سنديان sindyān |
مران murrani |
كرز karaz |
صفصاف safsaf |
دردار dardar |
| Egyptian Arabic | sheguera | 'arz | صنوبر ṣunubar |
عَرْعَر 'ar'ar |
أرو ʾarru baloot sindiyán |
كريز kireiz |
sifsáf washa' |
dirdár | ||||
| Maltese | siġra | taż-żnuber | arżnu | għargħar ġnibru |
aġġru | betulla <br/? ġummara | balluta tal-ballut |
ċirasa | salċi żafżafa |
ulmu | ||
| Biblical Hebrew | עץ etz |
בְּרוֹשׁ berosh |
אֹ֫רֶן oren |
עֲרוֹעֵר aroer רֹ֫תֶם rethem |
אַלּוֹן allon |
צפצפה tsaphtsâphâh |
||||||
| Hebrew | עץ etz |
אשוח ashuach |
אורן oren |
ערער arar |
אֶדֶר éder |
אלון alon |
עץ דובדבן 'etz duvdevan |
עֲרָבָה arava |
בוקיצה | |||
| Ugaritic | dprn | |||||||||||
| Aramaic | bəlūṭā dar-balūṭa |
paquske | xīlapta | |||||||||
| Mandaic | alvnpya | cynya | baluda bvlywz mylya |
ewrbvnv | ||||||||
| Syriac | 'elātē | 'isṭrubliyā | daprānā | bəlūṭā | qerasiyā | |||||||
| Ge'ez | 'om | 'ilāṭe 'eleṭe |
ḥəqqʷ peṭen piṭon sanobār saṭarabelon saṭrobilon |
ṣəḥd | bālut dərs dərus pəryon |
qərāsəyā | 'eṭə'ā kʷiḥā |
|||||
| Tigrinya | gerebɨ omɨ |
s’ɨħɨdi | 'anqʷa ṣəḥdi |
baluṭ | kʷiḥā t͡ʃeri |
|||||||
| Tigre | sänobär | 'anqa ṣəḥd |
||||||||||
| Amharic | zaf | sänobar | ṭəd | yäts'd zaf | baluṭ | tikur inchet | kaya | |||||
| Harari | lafú | ṭəḥdi | ||||||||||
| Gafat | zafʷɛ | čədā |
Berber languages
| Language | Tree | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kabyle | addag ttəʒrˁa |
azumbi | εεeṛεeṛ | iccer ggizem | icꝁir iggi tasaft zzan |
abucic aḍebbuj |
laḥeḃlemluki laḥebbeṭ-lemluk liḥeḃlemlukin |
aṣefṣaf | ulmu |
Cushitic languages
| Language | Tree | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Awngi | kani | tsədi | ||||||||||
| Blin | 'ənqʷā | |||||||||||
| Somali | baar geed |
deyib | shoï | |||||||||
| Timbaro | ṭəda |
Austro-Asiatic languages
Mon-Khmer languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vietnamese | linh sam | thông | bách xù | phong | ô rô | phong | sồi | anh đào | liểu | du | |
| Katu | ŋɔ | ||||||||||
| Triw | ʔiŋɔ: | ||||||||||
|
Western Bruu (Bru-Vân Kiều) |
sǝŋɔ | ||||||||||
| Pacoh | ʔǝŋɔ: | ||||||||||
| Ta Oi | aŋɔ: | ||||||||||
| Rengao | hǝŋo.T | ||||||||||
| Sedang | hǝŋɔ.T |
Khasi-Khmuic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| De'ang | ŋge ŋkɛ:i | ||||||||||
| U | ki.1 | ||||||||||
| Ava | ghiʔ | ||||||||||
| Lawa | ŋgiʔ | ||||||||||
| Paraok | giʔ.B | ||||||||||
| Va (Wa) | khiʔ.B gum- |
Munda languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Santali | balut dare |
Austronesian languages
Malayo-Polynesian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indonesian | cemara | pinus | jintan | maple | holly | birch birk |
ek oak |
ceri sakura |
dedalu | elm | |
| Malay | pain pinus |
jintan saru | mapel | mensirah | bic | oak | ash | ceri | dedalu | elm | |
| Tagalog | pir | pino | dyuniper | mepl | asebo | owk | seresa tseri |
wilow | |||
| Hawaiian | lā'au ka'a pila 'aleka |
paina | lunipela lokema |
mēpala | 'aiea kāwa'u |
pūkowi | 'oka | 'ōlena | keli | wīlou | lā'au ka'a |
Basque language
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Basque ( Gipuzkoan) |
izei | pinu | ipar-ipuru | astigar aztigar |
gorostia | urki | haritz | lizar | gerezi gereziondo |
sahats | zumar |
| Biscayan | astigar | ||||||||||
| Upper Navarrese | astigar | ||||||||||
| Lapurdian | gastigar gaztigar | ||||||||||
| Lower Navarrese | leher | astigar gastigar gaztigar | |||||||||
|
Souletin (Zuberoan) |
leher | astigar | |||||||||
| Roncalese | ler | astigar gaztigar |
Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages
Chukotkan languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chukchi | wǝ́lɣil |
Kamchatkan languages
Dravidian languages
Northern Dravidian
Central Dravidian
South-Central Dravidian
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Telugu | భూర్జము bhūrjamu |
ఒక విధమైన చెట్టు oka vidhamaina ceTTu |
Southern Dravidian
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tamil | தேவதாரு tēvatāru |
milaru purchchamaram |
karuvalimaram sinthuramaram |
vanavirukshavisesham ormaram | |||||||
| Toda | pǖɫ̣ | ||||||||||
| Kannada | huruḷu |
Hurro-Urartian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hurrian | azúγi | azúγi | mahri |
Indo-European languages
Albanian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albanian | bardhë bredh |
pishë zezë |
dëllinja | fletëgjerë ulzë |
ashja | mështekna | dushku lis |
frashër | qershi vishnjë |
shelgu | vidh |
Anatolian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hittite | tanau- | hiqqar- | katta-kangali |
Armenian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armenian | եղևնի eġevni |
սոճի soč̣i |
գիհի gihi |
թխկի t'xki |
սղոցի sġoc'i |
կեչի keči |
կաղնի kaġni |
հացենի hac'eni հացի hac'i |
բալենի baleni կեռասենի keraseni |
ուռենի ureni |
թեղի t'eġi |
Balto-Slavic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old Prussian | adlē | peuse preidē |
kaddegs | skutîs | berzē | gilē | (v)osis | sindis | apevitvo apsē |
skirptus vinksno | |
| Latvian | baltegle | priede | kadiķis | kļava | aslapainā palma | bērzs | ozols | osis | ķirši | kārkls vītols |
gobas |
| Latgalian | egle | prīds | kļovs | bārzs | ūzuls | ūss | tresneica vīšne |
veituls | |||
| Lithuanian | kėnis | pušis | kadagys | klevas | bugienis | beržas | ąžuolas | uosis | kryklė trešnė vyšnia |
blindė gluosnis karklas |
guoba |
| Samogitian | eglė | pošės | kadagys | klevs | beržos | ōžouls | ousis | čerešnės vīšnės |
|||
| Old Church Slavonic | boru' | sosna | smrěčъ | breza | dǫbŭ | yasika | vrĭbije | ||||
| Russian | пихта píxta |
сосна sosná |
можжевельник možževél’nik |
клён kljon |
падуб pádub |
берёза berjóza |
дуб dúb |
ясень jásen’ |
черешня čeréšnja вишня víšnja |
ива íva верба vérba |
ильм il'm вяз vjaz |
| Ukrainian | ялиця yalitsya ялинка yalynka |
сосна sosna |
яловець yalovets’ ялівець yalivets’ |
клен klen |
падуб padub |
береза bereza |
дуб dub |
ясеня yasenya |
вишня vyšnja |
верба verba |
в'яза v'yaza |
| Belarusian | піхта pixta |
сасна sasná хвоя xvója |
ядловец jadloviec |
клён klion |
падуб padub |
бяроза biaroza бярозавы biarozavy |
дуб dub |
ясеня jasienia |
вішнёвы višniovy |
вярба vyarba |
вяз viaz |
| Czech | jedle | borovice | jalovec | javor | cesmina | bříza | dub | jasan | třešeň třešně višeň |
vrba | jilm |
| Slovak | jelka | borovica smrek |
obyčajná | javor | cezmínu | breza | dub | jaseň | čerešna | vŕba | brest |
| Polish | jodła | sosna | jałowiec | klon | ostrokrzew | brzoza | dąb | jesion | czereśnia wiśnia |
wierzba | wiąz |
| Silesian | dymb | trzyśńa | dřewo | ||||||||
| Kashubian | sosna chójka |
jałówc | jawòr klón |
brzózka | krzesznia wisznia |
wierzba | wijąg | ||||
| Polabian | süsnó | jeivó | |||||||||
| Upper Sorbian | jědla | chójna | jałorc | klon | wótrolist | brěza | dub | jaseń | wišnja | wjerba | wjaz |
| Lower Sorbian | jedła | chójca | klon | wótrolist | brjaza | dub | jaseń | wišnina | wjerba | wěz | |
| Bulgarian | ела ela |
бор bor мура mura |
хвойна khvoĭna |
клен klen явор yavor |
джел dzhel |
бреза breza |
дъб dŭb |
пепел pepel ясен yasen |
върба čereša вишна višna |
върба vŭrba |
бряст bryast |
| Macedonian | чам čam ела ela |
бор bor |
смрека smreka |
јавор javor клен klen |
зелениката zelenikata |
бреза breza |
даб dab |
јасен jacen пепел pepel |
цреша creša вишна višna |
врба vrba |
брест brest |
| Bosnian | jéla | bor | kleka | javor | božika | breza | hrast | jasen | trešnja višnja |
vrba | brest |
| Croatian | jéla | bor pinija |
borovica kleka smrič |
javor klen |
božika crnika |
breza | hrast | jasen | trešnja višnja |
vrba | brijest vez |
| Serbian | јела jela |
бор bor боровина borovina |
клека kleka смрека smreka |
јавор javor |
зеленика zelenika |
бреза breza |
храст hrast |
јасен jasen |
трешња trešnja вишња višnja |
врба vrba |
брест brest |
| Slovene | jelka | bor pinija |
brin | javor | bodika | breza | hrast | jesen | češnja višnja |
vrba | brest |
Celtic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gaulish | adlinos sappus |
sappus | opolos | collis colinnos |
betua | tanno cassanos |
lemo limo | ||||
| Welsh | ffynidwydd sybwydd |
pinwydd | meryw aith eithin |
masarn | celyn | bedw | derw dar |
onnen | ceirios | helyg | llwyfen |
| Old Breton | ezlen | ethin | |||||||||
| Breton | sapr sap |
pin | jenevreg | skav-gwrac'h | kokoù kelenn |
bezv bezuenn |
dero tann |
onn ounnenn |
kerez kerezenn |
halek halegen |
evlec'h |
| Cornish (historical) | aidhlen aidlen saban sibnit sibuit |
pin saban sibuit |
eythinen | celin holm |
bedewen bezo bezula |
derven glastenen |
enwedhan onnen |
heligen | elaw ula | ||
| Cornish (modern) | saban zaban zabwîdh |
pinbren | merow | gwyniolan | kelynan | bezowan | dar glastanan |
enwedhan | gwedhan shirian keresan |
heligan | elan |
| Old Irish | gius ochtach |
ailm giuis ochtach |
aitenn | cuileand cuilenn tinne |
beithe bethe |
dair daur |
onn ind-huinnius |
idath | sail sailech |
lem | |
| Middle Irish | gius ochtach |
gius ochtach |
cuilenn | fuindseog | lem | ||||||
| Irish | giúis giumhas |
crann giúise | aiteal aiteann |
mhalpais | cuileann cuilenn |
beith | darach dair |
fuinseog uinseann |
silíní | saileach saileog |
sleamháin |
| Scottish Gaelic | giuthas | ghiuthas giuthas |
aiteann | mhalpais | cuileann | beith | darach darag rìgh-na-coille |
uinnseann | siris(t) | seileach | ailm leamhan |
|
Scottish Gaelic (MacBain) |
giuthas | giuthas | aitionn sineubhar |
cuilionn | beith | darach | uinnseann | siris sirist |
seileach | ailm | |
| Manx | juys | juys | malpys | beih | darragh | unjin | cocheayllagh | shellagh |
Germanic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| * Proto-Germanic | furkhon | feuht(j)ōn | maplo- | hulin- | berkjon | aiks | askaz askiz |
salχaz walg- weligaz withjon- |
elmaz | ||
| Lombardic | fereha | ||||||||||
| Old High German | tanna | fiohta fiuhta foraha forha |
einbere kranawitu wachal |
mazzaltra | hulis | birka | eih fereheih |
ask | kirsa | salaha wida |
elm |
| Middle High German | tanne vorhe |
kien tan viehte |
einbere kranewite queckholder |
ahorn maser |
huls | birke birche |
eich eiche |
asch | kirse kirsche wihsel |
wide wilge |
elm |
| German | Tanne | Kiefer | Wacholder | Ahorn | Stechpalme Hulst |
Birke | Eiche | Esche | Kirsche | Weide | Ulme |
| Luxembourgish | Fiicht | Dänn | Wakelter | Ahorn | Bierk | Eech | Esch | Kiischte | Weid | Ulm | |
|
Pennsylvania German (Pennsylvania Dutch) |
Tanne | Beintbaam | Wacholder | Meebel | Stechpalme | Baerickebaam | Eeche | Esch Eschebaam |
Kasch Kaschebaam Zuckerbaam |
Weide Weidebaam |
Rauschebaam |
| Bavarian | Tanna | Kiefa | Kranawitt | Ahorn | Biakn | Oach | Eschn | Kiaschn | Weidn | Beaguiman | |
| Alemannic German | Dane Tannu |
Kiifer | Reckholder | Ahoorä | Berchulti | Eichä | Chriädschibömm | Wijrli | |||
| Vilamovian | aach | ||||||||||
| Yiddish | טענענבוים tenenboym |
סאָסנע sasne sosne |
קאַדיק kadik יאַלאָװעץ yalovets |
קליאָנ klyon נעזבױם nezboym |
בערעזע bereze |
דעמב demb |
אַשבוים ashboym |
קאַרש karsh ווײַנשל vaynshl |
ערבה arava ווערבע verbe |
||
| Old Frankish | hulis | birke | wīksina | halster salha |
|||||||
| Middle Dutch | danne | pijn | geniver | huls hulse |
berke | ek | asch | krieke meggy |
halster wilghe |
olme | |
| Dutch | spar zilverspar |
den | jeneverbes | esdoorn ahorn |
hulst | berk | eik | es | kers kriek |
wilg | iep olm |
| Afrikaans | silwerspar | denneboom | jenewerstruik | ahorn | huls steekpalm |
berk | eik akkerboom |
esseboom | kersie | wilger | iep olm |
| Old Saxon | danna dennia furia |
sivenbom | mapulder | hulis | birka biricha |
ac | ask | kirsikbom | wilgia | olm | |
| Middle Low German | dan danne vūre |
dan danne vūre |
eyneberen-holt | lönen-holt mapeldorn |
hüls | berke | ēke | asch esch |
kornelle | salwiede wiede wilge |
elm |
| Dutch Low Saxon | den | jeneverbees | plataan | birk | eek | kaars | |||||
| Gronings | kaars kaarze |
||||||||||
| Zeelandic | ulst | ||||||||||
| Low German | Danne | Fuhr | Einberenbom Enbere Machandelboom |
Weissebern Weisseper Weissneber Weissneper |
Hülse Hulst |
Berke Birke |
Eekboom | Esch | Wispel | Wiede | Elm |
| Plautdietsch | Tauneboom | Tauneboom | Wachholda | Ssockaboom | Boakjeboom | Äkj | Ascheboom | Kjoasch Kjoascheboom |
Wied | Reesta Reestaboom | |
| Old English | æbs furh fyrh |
pīn pīntrēow |
cwicbeam | mapul- mapultrēow |
holeġn | beorc bierce birce |
āc | æsc | ciris | salh welig wiliġ |
elm |
| Middle English | firre | pine | junipere | mapel | holin hollen |
birche birk |
ook | asche frayne |
cheri | welew wilghe wilowe wilwe |
elm |
| English | fir | pine | juniper | maple | holly | birch | oak | ash | cherry | osier sallow willow withy |
elm |
| Scots | fir | bunnet fir pine |
jeniper | plane | hollin | birk | aik | esh | cherry gean |
sauch saugh |
elm |
| North Frisian | tan | sjüürenbuum | wacholder | birkebuum | iakebuum | eskebuum | käärsbuum | pualemrut wilag |
liperbuum | ||
| Saterland Frisian | Danne | Fjuurenboom | Wacholder | Dulle-Huunde | Birke | Eeke | Säärse | Wüülgen | |||
| West Frisian | wylch | ||||||||||
| Old Norse | fūra | fūra thöll |
einir | hlynr mösurr |
hulfr | björk | eikr | askr | heggr | píll selja |
almr |
| Norwegian - Bokmål | edelgran gran |
furu | einer enebær |
lønn naur |
kristtorn | bjørk | eik | ask | kirsebær | vier | alm |
| Norwegian - Nynorsk | edelgran | fura | brake brisk eine einer sprake |
lønn | beinved kristtorn |
björk | eik | ask | kirsebær | selja | alm |
| Icelandic | furu | fura | einir | hlyn | Kristþyrnir jólaviður |
björk | eik | ask | hegg kirsuberjatré |
víði | álm |
| Faroese | furu | fura | bjørk | eik | ask | pílur | álm | ||||
| Danish | ædelgran gran |
fyr | enebær | løn naver naur |
kristtorn | birk | eg | ask | kirsebær | pil | elm |
| Swedish | ädelgran gran |
tall | en | lönn naver |
järnek | björk | ek | ask | körsbär | vide | alm |
Hellenic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mycenaean Greek | é-ra-to | pí-tu-s | thu-i-a | pha-go-s | e-ri-ka | pte-re-wa | |||||
| Classical Greek | péuka | kédro-s | ákasto-s sphéndamnos |
aig-ílōp-s | ípso-s | akher-ōí-s | helike keras(e)ía kéraso-s |
élíkas itea iteia |
pteléa | ||
| Greek | έλατο élato |
πεύκο peuko |
άρκευθος arkeuthos |
σφένδαμος sphendamos |
ίλεξ ilex |
σημύδα semuda |
δρυς drys βελανιδιά velanidiá |
φραξός phraxos |
κερασιά kerasiá κερασιάς kerasias |
ιτιά itia |
λεύκα léfka φτελιά phtelia |
Indo-Iranian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sanskrit | pituhdaruh सरला sárala |
akrá-ḥ | bhūrja-ḥ | ||||||||
| Hindi | देवदार dēvadāra |
चिड़ cīra पाइन pā'ina सनोबर sanōbara |
जुनिपर junipara |
मेपल mēpala |
सन्टी sanṭī |
बलूत balūt बांज bān̄ja |
चेरी cērī |
बेंत bēnta |
एल्म ēlma | ||
| Urdu | چلغوز chilghozā |
||||||||||
|
Romani (Kalderash) |
brádo | píno | yárba | bagrémo | búrcho | bóro | kasht-kovlo | chirash | yélma | ||
| Assamese | সৰল sarala |
ওক ōka |
|||||||||
| Bengali | দেবদারূ dēbadārū |
পাইন pā'ina সরলবৃক্ষ saralabr̥kṣa |
একধরণের ēkadharaṇēra |
বৃক্ষবিশেষ br̥kṣabiśēṣa ম্যাপেল myāpēla |
চিরশ্যামল গুল্মবিশেষ ciraśyāmala gulmabiśēṣa |
বার্চ bārca ভূর্জ bhūrja ঠেঙ্গান ṭhēṅgāna |
ওক ōka |
চেরি cēri |
বৃক্ষবিশেষ br̥kṣabiśēṣa |
বেদারুজাতীয় বৃক্ষবিশেষ bēdārujātīẏa br̥kṣabiśēṣa | |
| Marathi | dēvadārū dhupācē ñjhāḍa sarala |
dhupāḷī | atvikha ativiṣa |
vāḷuñja | ainasādaḍā | ||||||
| Nepali | धूपी dhuupii |
सल्ला salila |
|||||||||
| Punjabi | chíhl chíl |
||||||||||
| Sindhi | چيِلَ chila |
||||||||||
| Dameli | brū̃ṣ | ||||||||||
| Gawar-Bati | bluz | ||||||||||
| Kashmiri | badar budulu pūstil pūstyulu |
cīl ʦēr yörü |
kanur kīl-pathar |
burza būrza |
balūt baráin sīla |
cūjü humu sījū(wu) |
gilās zúmb |
bēd bisa bŏṭa gyuru vīr |
amaröī bran brārī brērī | ||
| Kalami | rā- | čīr šāţ |
biţhir | mūl | ǰīǰ | bä~y mīr |
käsunur | ǰikin | bǟ~ čikǟr |
||
|
Palula (Phalura) |
brhuǯ | ||||||||||
|
Konkani (Goan) |
pinh | ||||||||||
| Ossetic - Digor | нæзи næzi |
||||||||||
| Ossetic - Iron | соцъи sochi |
нæзы næzy |
æхсcлы æxsæly |
tæгæр tægær |
бæрз bærz |
tулдз tuldz |
кæрз kærz |
æхсынцъы æxsynchy гуырдзиаг бал gwyrdziag bal |
xæрис xæris |
xъарман qarman | |
| Sanglechi | bǝrǝž | ||||||||||
| Shughni | ambaẍc | bǝruǯ | |||||||||
| Wakhi | furz | ||||||||||
| Saka | braṁj | ||||||||||
| Kurdish | darûk kac |
tûz | gêlaz | bî | bizî buz wiz wuzm | ||||||
| Northern Kurdish | çam darûk kac | ||||||||||
|
Pashto (Raverty, 1867) |
nā-jū ṣano-bar |
nā-jū naḵ́ẖtar naś̱ẖtar pey huc̱ẖ ṣano-bar |
sarāsar | ḵẖarawaʿh | a-lū-bālū gī-lās nāngaʿh |
bed paḏḏaʿh saped-dār walaʿh wulaʿh |
tāg̠ẖah | ||||
| Pashto | ښتر naʂtar صنوبر ṣanaubar |
وله wala |
|||||||||
| Avestan | hapərəsī- | vaeiti- | |||||||||
|
Parthian (Arsacid Pahlavi) |
aburs | ||||||||||
| Balochi | əpurs | ||||||||||
|
Middle Persian (Sassanid Pahlavi) |
'bwrs('m) | wēd | |||||||||
|
Middle Persian (Pārsīg) |
kāj našk |
afrā | balūt | gilanār | vēd | ||||||
|
Persian (Steingass, 1892) |
arjān | arz urz debdār devārū dev-dārū kāzh nāj nāzh nāzhū |
āwarin āwarīn āwzīn dev-dār dev-ḵẖār dīwār rāsan ṣafīna |
kuḵẖch kuḵẖj |
ballūt̤ sindiyān |
ālī-bālī ālū bālū charāsiyā gīlās māhī-dāna māhūdāna nārwan nārwān qarāsiya qarāsiyā shibāb t̤ārat̤qa wishna |
art̤e art̤ī bahrāma bahrāmaj bīd ḵẖalāf ṣafṣāf sapedār saped-dār |
sāya-ḵẖẉush tūsa | |||
|
Persian (Hayyim, 1934) |
kaj sanowbar shah-derakht |
kaj sanowbar |
ar-ar ardaj ares jarjaree sarv |
afra beelak boosiam |
raj | ghooosheh | baloot sendian |
ahr gonjeshk |
aloobaloo geelas peyvan'deh maryam' vashneh |
artee ban beed safsaf |
derakht narvan |
| Persian | نراد narad |
کاج kâj |
tus | گیلاس gilâs |
بید bid |
guzm narvan vezm | |||||
| Dari (Persian) | archa | alu-baalu | beed | ||||||||
| Tajik | koç sanavbar |
burs burz |
tús | gelos | gujum | ||||||
| Waigali | brūǯ |
Italic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latin | abiēs | pīnus | iūniperus | acer | aquifolia | betula | quercus robur |
fraxinus | cerasus | salix | ulmus |
| Latin, New | abies | pinus | juniperus | acer | ilex | betula | quercus | fraxinus | cerasus | salix | ulmus |
| Vulgar Latin | abies | pinus | iiniperus | acer acerabulus acre |
acrifolium | betula | ilicina quercea quercus robellus robur |
fraxinus | ceresia | salix | ulmus |
| Sardinian | pinu opinu |
tziníbiri tziníperu |
àera cóstiche cóstighe olàdighe |
alàse golósti olósti |
chélcu | fràssu | carésia cariàsa |
sàbixi sàrpa |
úlimu | ||
| Corsican | ghjaddicu ghjallicu |
pinu | caracutu | leccia suvara |
frassu | chjarasgiu | vetriccia | ||||
| Dalmatian | vaple | bos | guarno uarno |
cris | |||||||
| Emilian | pin | zinipri | òpi | bdól | qvèrza róvra scòrz valuneia |
frà^an | maraschin zrisa |
séls | ójom | ||
| Italian | abete | pino | ginepro | acero oppio |
agrifoglio | betulla | farnia quercia rovere |
frassino | ciliegio | salice | olmo |
| Ligurian | avê bexu |
pin | zenêvi zenêvu |
àrici àriciu |
agriföggi agriföggiu |
natta natte rüa rüe |
fràsci fràsciu |
ceéxa ceéxe çeixo |
sarxi sarxu saxu |
urmi urmu | |
|
Lombard, Eastern (Brescia) |
pin | acer | scanfòi | betüi | querc | fràssen | maréna saréza |
ùlem | |||
|
Lombard, Western (Milanese) |
pin | acer | àgher | betüi | querc | fràssen | maréna scirésa |
ùlem ulma | |||
| Neapolitan | pino | acéro | agrifoglio | cercule élece |
ceraso | ||||||
| Piedmontese | sapin | pin | genèiver zenèiver |
òbi | agrifeuj làur ëspinos |
biola | ròl sron |
frasso | ceresera | sàles | orm |
| Sicilian | abbeti abbitu abeti abitu àrzanu |
deda dera pignu pinu teda |
inìperu janìparu junìparu junìperu |
àciru àgghiaru arabbli arabli |
addaurufogghiu | biola bitudda vitudda |
cersa cerza cherza chierza |
amiddeu amoddei fràscinu fràssinu middeu muddeu muddìa muddìu |
amarena cirasa girasa marena |
salaguni sàlici |
urmu |
| Venetian | tana | firm muga pino |
xenevro | acero | ełexe | brèdoła | ełexe róare |
farsigołaro fràsene |
saresaro | salež salgaro |
olmo |
| Venetian (variants) | albeo avedin sapin |
pignara | buxicio degnore dhaneoro never zenever |
aier axeo obol opio |
agrifol elexe |
albarela bedoi bedol biola bredola spasaoraro |
elexe giandaro ocara pixoler roar roare rovare rovaro suro |
ascante frasano frasen frasene frasino |
carexer sarexaro sarexer sirexar sirexo zharexer |
salgar salgarola selgaro |
olma olmo onegar |
| Aragonese | abet | pin | chinebro | aciron | cardonera | abetullo | caixico carrasca |
fraixin | ciresera | sarga sarguera |
urmo |
| Catalan | avet | pi | ginebre | auron erable |
grèvol | bedoll | roure | freixe | cereser cirerer guinder |
salze | om |
|
Franco-Provençal (Arpitan) |
pin | genêvro | iserâblo | châno | frano | cerise | ôrmo | ||||
| Occitan | avet | pin | genibra | acero | agreu grefuèlh |
beç | casse garric |
fraisse | cerièra | sause | olm |
| Old French | sapin | pin | genèvre | aceres sicamor |
houlx | boul | chasne | fraisne | cerise | saule sauz |
oulme |
| Middle French | sapin | pin | genèvre | arable | houlx | boulel | chesne | fresne | cerise | saule | orme |
| Champenois | saipé saipin sapin |
pin | genèvre jnève jnèvre jnièvre |
ivor | housset | boule boulin |
châne chein chône dchêne têne |
fragne frane |
aigueurjotié aguerjotié cerègé ceriche chrize guingné mrège slèïge slesse sleuge slèze srègé |
sau sausse |
ourmel |
| French | sapin | pin | genévrier | érable | houx | bouleau | chêne | frêne | bigarreautier cerisier griottier guignier merisier |
saule | orme |
| Poitevin- Saintongeais | sapin | pin pinàe pinié |
jhenebràe jhenevràe |
ajhar ajhér érablle rablle |
cous coussat coussére |
bétou boula boule |
chagne | fragne | aegrassàud ceraesàe ghegnàe ghéndolàe ghignàe |
sàuse sràule |
omàe ome oume oumea umea |
| Old Norman | cherise | ||||||||||
| Gallo | houssa | boula | chêne qeriole |
badier badiolier badisier slésië |
saode | ||||||
|
Norman (Cotentinais) |
sapîn | pîn | érabl'ye sycomôre |
housse | bouôlias | qùêne | frêne | badgiolyi chérîsyi ch'lisier mérîsyi |
saux | orme | |
|
Norman ( Jèrriais) |
sapîn | sapîn | housse | bouôlias vèrgues |
tchêne | badgiolyi chérîsyi mérîsyi tchoeuryi |
saux | orme | |||
| Picard | sapin | pin | éjnévrier | hour | boulhé | qhinne | fréne | chérizhié chrizhié crinqhié |
orme | ||
| Walloon | sapén | pin | pectî | doyåve plaene |
beyôle | tchinne | frinne | ceréjhe | så | ||
| Old Spanish | abete | pino | ginebro | arce | azevo | abedul | lecina roble |
freisno | cerezo guindo |
salze | olmo |
| Asturian | abetu | pino pinu |
cairuetu | pládanu | bidul | carbayu llande rebollu sufrera sufresna |
fresnu | cerezal guindal |
bardaguera blimal salguera |
llamera | |
| Extremaduran | pinu | azevu | argayeru chamorra chamorru |
zereza | zaus | ||||||
| Galician | abeto | piñeiro | xenebreiro | arce | acivro | bidueira bidueiro bido |
carballo | freixo | cerdeira cereixa |
salgueiro | olmo umeiro |
| Leonese | pinu | acéu | ancina carbayu |
zreisal | negriellu | ||||||
| Mirandese | pino | nebro niebro |
|||||||||
| Portuguese | abeto | pinheiro | junípero zimbro |
ácere | azevinho | bétula | carvalho | freixo | cerejeira | salgueiro salso |
olmo ulmeiro |
| Spanish | abeto | pino piñón |
enebro | arce | acebo | abedul | encina roble |
fresno | cerezo guindo |
sauce | olmo |
|
Judaeo-Spanish (Ladino) |
pino pinyon |
rovle | |||||||||
| Aromanian | cireashã | ||||||||||
| Romanian | brad | pin | ienupăr | arțar | ilice | mesteacăn | stejar | frasin | vișin | salcie | ulm |
| Vlach | brad | ulmu |
Tocharian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tocharian B (Kuchean) | yāstaci | yāstaci |
Indo-European Creoles
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haitian Creole | sapen | pen | seriz |
Japonic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old Japanese | momi | matu | murwo | kapjerude m(w)omjiti |
m(w)oti | kanipa | apakji kasipa |
sakura | yanagi | nire | |
| Middle Japanese | mòmì | màtú | káfèdé mòmìdì |
mótí | kánífà | àpàkì kásípà |
támúki tònèríko |
sákúrà | yanagi | níre | |
| Japanese | モミ momi |
マツ matsu |
ビャクシン byakushin イブキ ibuki |
カエデ kaede モミジ momiji |
イヌツゲ inutsuge モチノキ mochinoki タラヨウ tarayō |
カバ kaba カバノキ kabanoki カンバ kanba |
イチイ ichii カシ kashi カシワ kashiwa コナラ konara クヌギ kunugi |
トネリコ toneriko |
サクラ sakura |
ヤナギ yanagi |
ニレ nire |
| Okinawan | maachi | akagi | sakura | yanaji |
Kartvelian languages
Karto-Zan languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Georgian | სოჭი soči naʒvi |
ფიჭვი p'ičvi |
ღვია ğvia ɣvia- ɣviva- |
ნეკერჩხალი nek'erč'xali |
წმინდა tsminda |
არყი arqi |
მუხა muxa |
იფანი ip'ani |
բալ bal կեռաս keṙas |
ტირიფი tiripʻi |
თელა t'ela t'eğa |
| Mingrelian | nuʒu | ||||||||||
| Svan | ɣ(w)iw- |
Mongolic languages
Central
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Middle Mongolian | narasun | narasun | arča | moyil | xutan | ||||||
| Buryat | narhan | burgāha(n) | |||||||||
| Khalkha | čuš gazuur narasu(n) zhodoo |
nars narasu(n) |
arča arz |
agč mod burgana |
baluu mod | xus | zars | yašil mod | čiye intoor monos moyel |
burgas(an) burgās(an) ud |
čayelaas |
| Kalmyk | ɣacūrǝ | narsn | χadŋ | burɣǝsṇ udǝn |
|||||||
| Ordos | burGasu uda |
Shirongolic
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monguor | burGāsǝ sdoxo |
Dagur
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dagur | bargās baregase xudikān |
Mogholi
Niger-Congo languages
Atlantic-Congo languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swahili | mberoshi | msonobari | mreteni | mwaramoni | muwanga | mwaloni | mcheri | msafsafi |
Northeast Caucasian languages
Nakh languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chechen | baza | baga | |||||||||
| Ingush | baza | dijχk |
Avar-Andic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avar | naḳ: | c̣:iní | mikk | ||||||||
| Andi | hinc̣:ir | ||||||||||
|
Karata (Karatin) |
ežela | ||||||||||
| Tokitin | ʕižilu-l ruxa | ||||||||||
| Tindi | žʷala |
Tsezic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tsez | mej | ||||||||||
| Tsez - Kidero | me | ||||||||||
| Tsez - Shapikh | me | ||||||||||
| Bezhta | niqe | miʔe | |||||||||
| Bezhta - Khocharkotin | mije | ||||||||||
| Bezhta - Tlyadal | mije | ||||||||||
|
Hunzib (Gunzib) |
niqe-s | mihe-s | |||||||||
| Khwarshi | mĩhi-s | ||||||||||
| Khwarshi - Inkhokwari | mihe |
Lezgic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aghul | maIržʷ | ||||||||||
| Lezgian | muḳ-rag | ||||||||||
| Tabasaran | muḳ-ruḳ | werš | |||||||||
| Rutul | niḳʷnäχI nuḳnäχI |
c̣ɨb | |||||||||
| Tsakhur | ḳuńaχ | c̣ib |
Northwest Caucasian languages
Abazgi
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abaza | mza-ʕʷ | ||||||||||
| Abkhaz | á-psa | a-mzá | a-ǯ́ |
Circassian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | psajǝ | ||||||||||
| Kabardian | psej | psa-qʷa |
Ubykh
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ubykh | psǝ-ʁʷǝnǝ́ |
Pama-Nyungan languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ngarrindjeri | panpandi |
Sino-Tibetan languages
Sinitic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old Chinese | 松 lhoŋ |
樺 *w_rā(k)s |
橡 lháŋ |
柳 ljǔw |
榆 lo | ||||||
| Middle Chinese | 松 zjöuŋ |
橡 zjáŋ |
櫻 qɛng |
柳 ljǔ |
|||||||
| Mandarin Chinese | 冷杉 lěngshān |
松 sōng |
刺柏 cì bǎi 杜松 dù sōng |
楓 fēng |
冬青 dōngqīng |
樺 huà |
櫟 lì 橡 xiàng |
白臘 bái là |
櫻 yīng |
柳 liǔ |
榆 yú |
| Min-Nan | 松 siông |
||||||||||
| Cantonese | 松 chung4 |
楓 fung1 |
樺 wa6 |
櫟 lik1 |
櫻 ying1 |
柳 lau5 |
榆 yu4 |
Tibeto-Burman languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Limbu | a:N āŋ |
||||||||||
| Kulung | ɔŋwapɔwa | ||||||||||
| Wayu (Vayu) | thoŋ | ||||||||||
| Sherpa | tashing | ||||||||||
| Tibetan | sdom-shing thang-shing |
mchan thang-shing |
spa | lang-mo | |||||||
| Burmese | thaŋh-ruh | thaŋh-ruh | wak-sac-hkya | ||||||||
|
Nuosu (Sichuan Yi) |
te | ||||||||||
| Kachin | mǝrau | mǝrau | |||||||||
| Rawang | śǝru- | ||||||||||
| Trung | sǝ2-ru1 | ||||||||||
|
Mizo (Lushai) |
fâr | fār fâr |
hriang | fah hlai phen sa-sua thal thên ṭhîl vawm-buh |
tlai-zawng | tuipui su-hlah | phân |
Tai-Kadai languages
Tai languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thai | สน son |
ต้นหลิว ton lio |
Tungusic languages
Northern
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evenki | ŋāŋte | ǯagda | ǯulkirē ǯulke |
čalban dīwekte |
inŋēkte ulukta |
hedepte ńamńīkta |
lakamawun | ||||
| Even | ŋāŋtъ̣ ńaŋta |
ǯaɣdъ̣ holtịn |
čālban diwuɣ diwukeɣ |
imukeɣ imŋekēw inmēkte |
|||||||
| Negidal | ŋāŋta | ǯagda | čālban diwegde |
apkā-kta | ịwagda | imŋemkēn | ńamnịkta | ||||
| Solon | ǯagda | iŋekte |
Southern
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nanai | waŋta | ǯāGda | čalbã diwegde |
sịwaGda | siŋēkte | ǯalaqta | |||||
| Orok | waŋta waŋịta |
duwete | siŋekte | ||||||||
| Ulch | waŋta | ǯagda | diwegde | sịwaGda | sińekte | ǯatala | |||||
| Oroch | kolobokto kopolokto |
čā(b)ba duokte |
iwagda | imepe | |||||||
| Udege | ahikta ai-kta kofolokto ŋaŋta |
ahikta aikta seutigi |
kuŋka | cafa-kta čafakt`ai duekte talugda |
oloŋkō | bulu joɣda xulu |
iŋofo isompo |
ńauta sakta |
|||
| Manchu | wantaχa | ǯahǝdǝ ǯahǝdā ǯaqdan |
saqsin | ibadan | jeŋge | fodo laχari |
Turkic languages
Oghuz languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old Turkic | čam aɣač | ||||||||||
| Middle Turkic | qajɨn | ||||||||||
| Turkish | göknar köknar |
çam | ardıç | akçaağaç | çobanpüskülü | huş | meşe | dişbudak | kiraz vişne |
söğüt | karaağaç |
| Azerbaijani | ağ şam | şam | ardıc | qayın | ağcaqayın tozağacı |
palıd | göyrüş | albalı gilas |
söyüd | qaraağac qarağac qurd | |
| Gagauz | čam | ||||||||||
| Turkmen | arça | berÿoza(r) Gajɨŋ |
ülje | söwüt tal |
Kypchak languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turki | karaɣay | ||||||||||
| Kumyk | ürge | ||||||||||
| Karachay-Balkar | balas | andɨz | ürge | emen | |||||||
| Crimean Tatar | emen meşe |
||||||||||
| Karaim | čam cam | ||||||||||
|
Tatar (Kazan Tatar) |
karagay | kos narat karagay |
andɨz | öjɛŋke örɛŋge |
qajɨn | karama | |||||
| Bashkir | balaštɨ | қарағай qarağay |
andɨδ | öjäŋkä | qajɨn | ||||||
| Kazakh | qarağay | arşa ɨrɣaj |
ujeŋki | qajɨŋ | emen | kyzyl tal | andɨz andžɨ | ||||
| Karakalpak | qajɨŋ | shiye | |||||||||
| Kyrgyz | antɨz qar-andɨz qarɨndiz |
qajɨŋ | |||||||||
| Nogai | andɨz | qajɨŋ |
Uyghur Turkic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karakhanid | qaδɨŋ qajɨŋ | ||||||||||
| Uzbek | archa qoraarcha |
oqchechak zarang |
qɛjin | bolut dub eman |
gilos shumurt |
ayg'iz sambit tol |
gujun sada | ||||
| Uyghur | üräŋgi | qejin |
Siberian Turkic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sakha (Yakut) |
bes | kɨtɨan | xatɨŋ | yöt | |||||||
| Dolgan | katɨŋ | ||||||||||
| Tuvan | xadɨ | šānaq | xadɨŋ | ||||||||
|
Tofa (Tofalar) |
xadɨ | ašānaq | qadɨŋ | ||||||||
| Khakas | xarağay xara-xazɨ |
xazɨŋ | |||||||||
| Shor | qazɨŋ | ||||||||||
|
Altay (Oyrot, Southern Altai) |
qarağay | jɨjra | qajɨŋ |
Oghur languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chuvash | xɨrъ | vǝʷrene | xorъn | juman | khurama |
Uralic languages
Finnic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estonian | nulg | mänd | kadakas | vaher | iileks | kask kõiv |
tamm | saar | kirsipuu | paju | jalakas |
| Finnish | pihta | mänty | kataja | vaahtera | laakeri | koivu | tammi | saarni | kirsikka | paju | jalava |
Ugric languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungarian | jegenyefenyő | fenyő | boróka | gyűrű juhar |
magyal | nyírfa | tölgy | kőris | cseresznye cseresznyefa |
fűz fűzfa |
szilfa |
Khanty language
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vakh dialect | ńălki̮ | ||||||||||
| 'Ob dialect | ńălχa |
Mansi language
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sosva dialect | ńuläś ńuli ńuliś |
kǟšēpiw | |||||||||
| Pelym dialect | ńul | kašǟpjüw | |||||||||
| Kondin dialect | ńol | kɔ̄̈spjiw | |||||||||
| Tavdin dialect | ńolē̮ |
Mari languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eastern Mari (Meadow Mari) | нулго nulgo |
пӱнчӧ pünčö |
ваштар vaštar |
куэ kue |
тумo tumo |
ломбо lombo |
уа ua |
||||
| Western Mari (Hill Mari) | пӹзӹлмӹгож pɯzɯlmɯgozh пихта pihta |
йӓктӹ jӓktɯ |
куги kugi |
тум tum |
шӧрвӓ shӧrvӓ |
ломбы lombı |
ӱэ üe |
нолгы nolgı |
Mordvinic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erzya | piche | kiĺej | tumo | kal' | s'elej | ||||||
| Moksha | maraz' | kelu |
Permic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Komi | n'ıv ńi̮v ńi̮l ńøl |
požöm | kač-pomeĺ | bad' | |||||||
| Udmurt | ńi̮l-pu ńǝ̑l-pǝ̑ |
Sami languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lule Sami | kaska | ||||||||||
| Northern Sami | beahci | gâskâs reatká |
lageš skierri soahki |
ávža čirsa |
sieđga | ||||||
| Kildin Sami | køskas |
Samoyedic languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kamassian | naлɣo noлɣo | ||||||||||
| Selkup | njulg njŭlgȇ njulgэ njulg(a) ńölg͔ |
Language isolates
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ainu | hup | totonup | nitat-topeni | kitat-ni sitat-ni |
pin-ni pir-ni |
kiki kikinni |
chipni-susu ura-susu |
at-ni chikisa-ni | |||
| Burushaski | gaśí | kác̣ul | |||||||||
| Middle Korean | čāt čās čǝ̄n-namu |
sór | čhăm-nam'u čoričham-namo kàràp |
mǝ̀s | pǝ̀tɨ́r | nɨ̀rɨ́p | |||||
| Korean | gusang-namu 전나무 jeon-namu |
솔 sol 소나무 so-namu |
두송 dusong 노간주나무 noganju-namu taehahyangmok |
단풍나무 danpung-namu 고로쇠나무 gorosoe-namu |
감탕나무 gamtang-namu |
박달나무 bakdal-namu 자작나무 jajag-namu jajak-namu |
참나무 cham-namu karam-namu |
물푸레나무 mulpurae-namu |
벚나무 beot-namu |
버들 beodeul 버드나무 beodeu-namu |
느릅나무 neureum-namu |
| Korean (North) | 벗나무 pŏt-na-mu |
||||||||||
| Sumerian | usuh | usuh | dubran li zabalum |
ĝešgana | alla allanum |
kim manu šagkal |
Old and New World language families
Dené-Yeniseian languages
Na-Dené languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tlingit | leiyís | l'él | x'aalx'éi | at daayí | gus'k'ikwáan l'eiwú gus'k'ikwáan l'oowú |
ch'áal' | |||||
| Hupa | nisk'iŋ | miʒe'wʔxole'n | cime'c'iŋ | kitaŋ | kinehstan | qayliW | |||||
| Navajo | ńdíshchíí' | gad | sóól | didzéłchíí | kʼishchííʼ naʼazhǫǫsh |
chéchʼil | dahbaʼ | didzéchííʼ | kʼaiʼ | ||
| Western Apache | nilchi' | gad | chich'il | k'ai |
Yeniseian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ket | dɨ̄ń hɔ́j-ɔkś | ||||||||||
| Yugh | dɨn fɔ́j-ɔksɨ | ||||||||||
| Kott | tīni | uča | |||||||||
| Arin | istigen ṕhaj-d́a tin |
aja | |||||||||
| Pumpokol | dɨ́ńe | koŋoŋho |
Eskimo-Aleut languages
Aleut language
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aleut | cumnax | cumnax | alaxtaq | usgiq |
Yupik languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naukan Yupik | ɣulɣílǝ | ||||||||||
| Alutiiq - Koniag | qasʁulǝk | ||||||||||
| Sirenik | wǝlɣíla |
Inuit languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Inupiat (Seward Peninsula) |
uɣlíli | ||||||||||
|
Inupiat (Northern Alaskan) |
urɣīĺiq | ||||||||||
| Inuvialuk - Siglit | ujɣīliq | ||||||||||
| Greenlandic | orpik manngertoq |
New World language families
Algic languages
Algonquian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blackfoot | pûqtokĭ | ||||||||||
|
Blackfoot (per Tims, 1889) |
pakhtoki | patokhi | pokkip | mikopixsuyi | |||||||
| Cheyenne | vé'evêšéstótó'e vó'komêšéstótó'e |
hoóxe'e šéstótó'e |
ve'evêšéstótó'e | vesceesš | hookomeš hoomeš oó'omêše |
motó | menóe | méno'ke | homenó'e | ||
| Cree | ᓇᐸᑳᓯᐦᑕ napakâsihta |
ᐅᐢᑳᐦᑕᐠ oskâhtak |
ᑳᐦᑳᑮᐋᐧᐦᑎᐠ kâhkâkîwâhtik ᒥᐦᑳᐧᐯᒪᑲᐧᐦᑎᐠ mihkwâpemakwahtik |
ᓭᓯᐹᐢᑲᐧᑖᐦᑎᐠ sesipâskwatâhtik |
ᑭᐢᑭᓄᐋᐧᒋᐦᒋᑲᐣ ᑲ ᓃᐹᔭᒥᐦᐊᕁ kiskinowâcihcikan ka nîpâyamihahk ᒪᓂᑐ ᑮᓯᑳᐤ ᐊᐧᐁᐧᓯᐦᒋᑫᐃᐧᐣ manito kîsikâw wawesihcikewin |
ᐊᐧᐢᑲᐧᕀ waskway |
ᒥᐢᑎᑯᒥᓈᐦᑎᐠ mistikominâhtik |
ᐊᐧᒋᐊᐧᐦᑎᐠ waciwahtik |
ᒥᐦᑯ ᒦᓂᐢ mihko mînis ᑕᑲᐧᐦᐃᒥᓈᓈᐦᑎᐠ takwahiminânâhtik |
ᓃᐱᓰᕀ nîpisîy |
ᑭᓵᐢᑕᐤ ᒦᑐᓴᐦᑎᐠ kisâstaw mîtosahtik |
| Fox (Sauk) | meshkwâwâhkwa | anîpi | |||||||||
| Menominee | pekēwāhtek | askāh ohkīhkāhtek pāhkenakāēmeh |
sōpomāhtek | mahkūkīh wīkīhsāhtek |
askēqtemeh maeqtekomeh |
kāhpaehnak | paehnāqnawemenāhtek wīkīhsemenāhtek |
kenūpikuahtek kenūsīqsekapaweh maehkūpīmak |
anēpāhtek | ||
|
Menominee (H.H. Smith) |
pikewa'xtîk | okika'tîk okika'xtîk skako'sa wenakä'x |
sopoma'tîk | anepakakwa'tîk apä'simînûn |
ęmkwansűk | iwî'skîpi me'nûn iwî'skîpi mîna'xtik panä'xnowi mîna'xtîk |
kinusishiwu'pwis täpa'sikît | osa'sikûp sausî'kop | |||
| Miami-Illinois | tchingɵcɵa | apakamaganingi | ɵaɵipingɵkatɵi michingɵeminja |
rapaɵarɵi | pakacɵeningi | ||||||
|
Ojibwe (Minnesota) |
zhingob | okikandaag zhingwaak |
miskwaawaak | aninaatig | wiigwaas | mitigomizh | aagimaak | ookweminan | oziisigobimizh | aniib ozhaashigob | |
| Potawatomi | gishki shkop |
shenamesh | wigwasatek | tegwesh | wisgak | anib | |||||
|
Potawatomi (Forest, per H.H. Smith) |
kêki'ntebä | bagkwînaga'mîc cîngwak |
aca'wûskonis | caca'gobimîc cicigîme'-wîc inina'tig kisinamîc |
sakwa'kmînagawîc | wîgwa'samîc wînîsa'tîk |
nepa'käkwūtīk | okwe'mînûn sûswe'mînaga'wîc |
sisigo'bamîc | anib cacî'gûb | |
| Shawnee | wa-làh-qú-thàh-keè-tah | m'-tuk-o-meè-shee | mee-yah-làhk-wah | a-neèp-ee | |||||||
| Abenaki-Western | kokokh8akw-k zedibego-k |
basaakw-k goa-k |
mekwisagezo-ak | bilkimizi-ak mskwebages-ak sen8mozi-ak |
maskwamozi-ak wins-ak |
-mezi-ak | -maahlakws-ak | -menakwam-ak | kanozas-ak | anibi-ak pezagholigan-ak | |
| Malecite-Passamaquoddy | puhpukhawihqimus stahqon |
ku kuw |
kakskus | sonaw | masqemus mosson |
asahqahawimus asahqahatoq olonikp wahcilomoss |
akomahq wikp |
masqesimin oluwimin sonutamkimin |
konusehs | cossakonikp cossikonikp | |
| Mi'kmaq | guow | snawei | masgwi | mimgwaqanimusi | epsmusi | masgwe'siman(aqsi) | |||||
|
Unami (Lenape) |
kuwe | pëpxòkwës | ansikëmès | salaxtekwimënshi wewchëlitunas |
mixakanakw | chèlis mwimënshi |
nushèmakw | lokanahunshi xkwikpiakw |
Arawakan languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taíno | yana | ||||||||||
| Garifuna | gudi | hibuari | gumaga |
Chibchan languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rama | bas |
Iroquoian languages
Southern Iroquoian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cherokee | notsi | atsina | usdasdi | tsusga | delegalis diligalisgi |
dawatsila tsuwadona |
Northern Iroquoian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mohawk | onēnta | onen'takwenhten:tshera | wahta | watenake:tarons | karihton otokenha |
ehsa kaneron/o'non:na |
erihko:wa teiakonia'tawne:'eks |
onekwenhtara niwatahtshero:ten o:se ose'ko:wa |
aka:ratsi | ||
| Oneida | onʌʔtʌ·sa | kanʌʔtú·saʔ ohnéhtaʔ |
tekanʌtakwʌhtʌʔ | awʌhaníkwal <br?> wáhtaʔ | ohnakwʌhsaʔ tekalaʔwisá·lu yotnakalatasé |
-huw- kánluʔ |
e·lí elikkó teyakonyaʔthalahtá·neʔ |
teyothwalanekalákwʌ yokwilahkaliyó |
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| Tuscarora | čuhkúhnęʔ | háhteh -htehn- |
anę·ʔnya? -nęʔtakwęte |
akę·suʔr -čikheʔt- |
-nak- | čúheʔ karátkwar kù·reh |
kahęwè·yaʔ | čè·riʔ è·riʔ kwanyaʔtarahkwáhnęh |
krę·r | karátkwar |
Kiowa-Tanoan languages
Tiwa languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taos | p’ȍk’úowoną | wę̀’énemą | hų̏p'ôhaną | tų́łęną | kwę́łoną | ə̂bena | íałoną | ||||
| Tewa | tenjo | to | hu | te'jii | pinnæ'in tewabe | kwæ | 'abe | jan |
Muskogean languages
Western
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chickasaw | 'tijak | hishi'asi | |||||||||
| Choctaw | tiak | chuala | chukchu | esta hoola iti hishi halupa |
opahaksun | baii baiyi bashto bishkoni bushto chisha chiskilik nusapi |
shinap | italikchi | takoinsha takonwisha tikoinsha |
balup tohto |
Eastern
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | aatichoosanàyli ittohissishalokpa ittokchakko katsgimilpa |
||||||||||
| Creek | cule | vcenv | heno | awotaicita inlokci:ca:tȋ vsse |
kvlv lakcvpe |
'to-hvtkv | 'to-fvmpe | akwahnv | lopakv | ||
| Mikasuki | ahihátk î asi asilakn î canȃ:filápi canȃ:fili |
||||||||||
| Yamasee | foskey |
Plateau Penutian languages
Klamath language
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Klamath | toq'-s |
Sahaptian languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nez Perce | patosway patoy picpic pitxpitx |
lalxsaway laqa qalamqalam seysey |
cikeyelx puhus |
heslips | sapatayosway | qeqeyux | qeqe'eyx qeqeyux |
piplac taxs |
|||
| Sahaptin | puš |
Pomoan languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eastern Pomo | kʼe·ré·sapʼ kó·tʰi·xa·lè xa·Wé·xa·lè |
si·pʰú· | qá·bayapʼ | ba·kʰú· |
Siouan languages
Catawban languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Catawba | itawa | yą́pą |
Western Siouan languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lakota | wazi | hante | cansuska | canhasan | ituhu utahu |
psehte | canpahu | cohwanjica wahpepopa |
pe tuntunpa |
Quechuan languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quechua | awitu | pinu | iniwru | arsi | asiwu wayusa |
awidul | chaparru insina rawli |
sirisa | sawsi wayaw |
Uto-Aztecan languages
Northern Uto-Aztecan languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cahuilla | saxa-t | ||||||||||
| Colorado River | oɣompɨ | ||||||||||
| Comanche | wokoβi | ekapokowaapi | kunanatsu | tusohokwe | |||||||
| Hopi | calávi tuba |
hohu | |||||||||
| Kawaiisu | woɣo- wogo- |
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| Mono | wokkoβɨ | sɨhɨbɨ sɨhɨɨpɨ |
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| Northern Paiute | wokkoppi | sɨɨbi | |||||||||
| Serrano | haxa-t | ||||||||||
| Shoshoni | wongopin | woŋɡoβin wongopin wongoo'bi |
samapin waapi wappin |
hukutsappeh | doo'nambe | seheebi | |||||
| Timbisha | woŋɡoβi | sɨhɨpi |
Southern Uto-Aztecan languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nahuatl | oyametl | ocotl | quetzalmizquitl | acezintli | ilitl | ahuaquahuitl | capolin capulin |
huexotl | |||
| Tarahumara | oʰkó | ||||||||||
| Tarahumara (hispanicized) |
okó | weri okó | uré | kusabí | rotosí |
Language isolates
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Chimané (Moseten) |
ivi | ||||||||||
| Chitimacha | no'ut wai't'i |
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|
P'urhépecha (Tarascan) |
p'ukurhi | ||||||||||
| Timucua | iso isota |
aha tuku |
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|
Yaghan (Yámana) |
haniš | ||||||||||
| Zuni | taʔwi |
Constructed languages
| Language | Fir | Pine | Juniper | Maple | Holly | Birch | Oak | Ash | Cherry | Willow | Elm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Esperanto | abio | cembro pinarbo pino |
junipero | acero | ilekso | betulo | kverko | frakseno | ĉerizarbo ĉerizo merizo paduso |
saliko | ulmo |
| Ido | abieto piceo |
pino | junipero | acero | ilexo | birko | querko | fraxino | cerizo | saliko | ulmo |
| Interlingua | abiete | pino | junipero | acere | ilice | betula | robore | fraxino | ceresiero | salice | ulmo |
| Lojban | ckunu | ckunu | labypiltricu | tricu | |||||||
| Novial | abiete | pine | junipere | acere | birke | querke | fraxine | serise | salise | ulme | |
| Volapük | fir | pein | yunip | zaär | liäg | biad | kvärep | sorbabim | celabim celep |
salig | lorm |