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Kingdom of the Dardani
- 393 BC:
Bardylis unites the Dardani tribes into a single kingdom, including present-day Albania.
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Epirus
- 370 BC: Part of present-day Albania becomes part of Epirus.
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Kingdom of the Ardiaei
- 260 BC: Part of present-day Albania becomes part of the Kingdom of the Ardiaei.
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- 229 BC:
Rome
invades the Illyrian coast.
- 220–219 BC: The Ardiaei
attack Rome and a Roman army is sent to Illyria. The kingdom becomes a vassal of the Romans.
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Roman Republic
- 168 BC: King
Gentius of the Ardiaei is defeated. The region including Epirus in 167 BC is annexed to the Roman Republic. Dardani still resist the Roman rule.
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Roman Empire
- 27 BC:
Gaius Octavianus becomes sole ruler of Rome and as Augustus the first emperor. The Dardani are finally defeated.
- 6–9: Various Illyrian tribes
revolt against the Roman Empire, but are defeated by Rome.
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- 395: After the death of
Theodosius I of the
Theodosian dynasty, the Roman Empire is partitioned in the (Eastern)
Roman Empire, also rendered as Byzantine Empire
[1], a Greek dominated empire, and the (Western)
Roman Empire. The region becomes part of the Eastern part of the Empire.
- 582: The Roman emperor
Mauricius starts a campaign to defend the Balkan against the
Avars.
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Principality of Arbanon
- 1190:
Progron becomes the first prince of Arbanon, an autonomous principality of the Roman Empire.
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- 1205: Arbanon becomes an autonomous principality of
Epirus.
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Despotate of Epirus
- 1205: Part of the present-day Albania becomes part of the Despotate of Epirus.
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Empire of Thessalonica
- 1224: Epirus conquers Thessalonica and merges into Thessalonica.
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Despotate of Epirus
- 1230: Thessalonica is defeated by
Bulgaria and Epirus is restored as despotate.
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- 1248-1257: Epirus is under suzerainity of the Empire of the Romans.
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- 1255: The principality is dissolved and Arbanon becomes part of
Epirus.
- 1250s/1260s: Epirus and the Empire of Nicaea fight to get control over former Arbanon. Part of the region is controlled by forces of king
Charles I of
Sicily.
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Kingdom of Albania
- 1272: King Carlo of
Sicily, count of
Provence and Anjou becomes also the first king of Albania as Karli. This kingdom is at war with the Roman Empire and loses most of the region.
- 1282: Carlo loses Sicily, but remains king of
Naples, therefore Albania is ruled in a personal union with Naples.
- 1294: The personal union with Naples ends when king
Carlo II passes his rights on Albania to his son
Filippo II of
Taranto.
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Duchy of Durazzo
- 1332: King
Roberto sells his rights to the kingdom to his nephew,
Giovanni, count of
Cephalonia and Zakynthos and prince of
Achaea, who succeeds him as the duke of Durazzo. Cephalonia and Zakynthos and Achaea fall to Roberto.
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Lordship of Berat
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Empire of the Serbs and Greeks
- 1346: Emperor
Stefan Dušan of Serbia conquers most of the region.
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Principality of Valona
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Roman Empire
- 1340: Epirus is occupied by the Roman Empire.
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- 1348: Epirus is conquered by
Serbia.
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Princedom of Albania
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Despotate of Epirus
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- 1368: The last duchess of Durazzo,
Giovanna is defeated by Karl Topia, prince of Albania.
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Principality of Dukagjini
- 1370s: A principality of Dukagjini is said to have been formed.
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Republic of Venice
- 1392: Venice defeats prince
Gjergj Topia and conquers Durazzo, bringing the princedom to an end.
- 1420: Venice merges its possessions around
Cattaro and Durazzo into
Venetian Albania.
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Lordship of Krujë
- 1392: Gjergjs sister,
Helena Topia, rules part of the region as lady of Krujë.
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Principality of Kastrioti
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Principality of Gjirokastër
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Subleme Ottoman Empire
- 1415/1417: Krujë, Kastrioti, Valona, Gjirokastër and Berat are conquered by the Ottomans.
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Principality of Kastrioti
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Lordship of Berat
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League of Lezhë
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- 1450s: Part of the princes leave the league.
- 1462: The Ottoman Empire commences
war against Venice, the League of Lezhë and
Zeta.
- 1468: Skënderbeu dies.
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Principality of Dukagjini
- 1450: Dukagjini leaves the league and allies itself with the Ottomans.
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- 1479: The league is defeated and all principalities are conquered by the
Ottoman Empire.
Leonardo III Tocco of Epirus is defeated and Epirus is annexed to the Ottoman Empire.
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- 1501: Durazzo is conquered by the
Subleme Ottoman Empire.
- 1700s: Some Albanians who converted to
islam found careers in the government and military services of the Ottoman Empire. A mass conversion of Albanians begins leading to some two-thirds of them become Muslims.
- 1830: Five hundred Albanian leaders, accepting an invitation to meet with an Ottoman general in
Monastir, are trapped and killed in an ambush.
- 1833–1839: In a reaction to a new centralizing policy of the Ottoman administration, various
revolts take place. The revolts lead the Ottoman government to postpone the application of reforms in Albania
- 1835: Albanian-populated lands are divided into
vilayets of
Janina and
Rumelia.
- 1843–1844:
Dervish Cara leads an
uprising in Northern Albania. This revolt is crushed by the Ottoman forces.
- 1847:
Zenel Gjoleka and
Çelo Picari lead a
revolt in Southern Albania against the Ottomans. After initial victories, the revolt is defeated.
- 1848: Albanians rise up against the
Tanzimat reforms.
- 1878: In the
Russo-Turkish War the Ottoman Empire is defeated by the
Russian Empire, weakening Ottoman power over Albanian-populated areas. Albanian leaders meeting in
Prizren form the
League of Prizren to advocate a unified Albania under Ottoman suzerainty.
- 1881: Ottoman forces arrest and deport the leaders of the League of Prizren and their families.
- 1910:
Isa Boletini, supported by
Serbia leads a
revolt. The rebels are severely suppressed.
- 1911: Another failed
revolt takes place by the Northern Albanian
Malësian tribes.
- 1912: The Ottoman Empire declares after an ultimatium by the
Balkan League of
Bulgaria,
Greece,
Montenegro and
Serbia, the
First Balkan War to the League. Ottoman-Albanian parliamentarians, led by
Hasan Prishtina,
revolt against Ottoman Empire rule in Albania. The revolt ends after the Ottoman government agreed to fulfill the rebels' demands.
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Albania
- 1912: Albania secedes from the Ottoman Empire and establishes a provisional government. Parts of Albania are conquered by Serbia, by Montenegro and by Greece.
- 1913: A contra-government as the
Republic of Central Albania. The Balkan League defeats the Ottoman forces. As a result of the war the Ottoman Empire loses most of its European part. In the
Treaty of London this territory is ceded to the Balkan League, with the exception of Albania that becomes independent. Later that year the
Second Balkan War takes place. With the
Treaty of Bucharest the war ends en an independent Albanian state ruled by a constitutional monarchy is recognized.
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- 1912: Northern Epirus is conquered by
Greece.
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Principality of Albania
- 1914: Both entities are abolished by the foreign powers.
Wilhelm zu Wied becomes prince of Albania. Albania develops into a fragile democracy. Northern Epirus secedes from Albania and is annexed to Greece the same year. A
peasant's insurgency leads to the withdrawal of prince Wilhelm. He is forced to leave Albania the same year. Albania is occupied by
Austria-Hungary,
Italy,
Greece and
Serbia.
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Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
- 1914: Northern Epirus separates from Albania. After a short period of independence it gets autonomy under nominal (unimplemented) Albanian sovereignty.
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- 1914: Northern Epirus is the same year occupied by
Greece.
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Kingdom of Greece
- 1916: Northern Epirus is annexed to Greece.
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Autonomous Albanian Republic of Korçë
- 1916:
France occupies the region of
Korçë and creates a French protectorate.
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- 1917: A provisional republican government comes to power. This government is not recognized and parts of Albania remain occupied by Italy, Greece, Serbia and France.
- 1919:
Yugoslavia attacks Albania, forcing Albanians to adopt guerrilla warfare. At the
Paris Peace Conference, which did not admit Albanian representation, Albania is divided between Greece, Italy and Yugoslavia.
- 1920: Albanian leaders reject the partition of Albania and create a parliament, the
National Council. They force Italy to withdraw its troops and abandon territorial claims to almost all Albanian territory.
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- 1920: The independence of Albania is internationally recognized. Albania joins the
League of Nations. Albania gets a provisional bicameral parliament elected by a congress. Head of state is the
High Council of Regency. Korçë is united with Albania.
- 1921: A council of regents comes to power. Parliament is elected for the first time. The senate is partially appointed. The
Republic of Mirdita secedes as an unrecognized republic from Albania.
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- 1921: Mirdita is reincorporated into Albania, as is Northern Epirus. Yugoslavia invades Albania, but is forced by a
League of Nations commission to withdraw.
- 1924: After an peasant-backed
insurgency a
revolutionary government comes to power. At the end of the year
Ahmed Zogu defeats with Serbian backing the revolution and Albania becomes a dictatorship. Noli goes into exile.
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Albanian Republic
- 1925: Albania becomes a republic. The president is elected by the bi-cameral parliament, consisting out of the
Senate and the
Chamber of Deputies. Parliament itself is elected in a one-party system.
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Albanian Kingdom
- 1928: Zogu becomes as Zog I king of Albania under Italian protectorate. The senate is abolished.
Parliament is indirectly elected on a limited suffrage.
- 1935/1937: Various anti-Zogist uprisings take place.
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- 1941: Italy defeats
Greece in Northern Epirus and it is restored to Albania.
Kosovo and part of
Macedonia are annexed to Albania.
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- 1943: Albania becomes a
German
puppet state. Albania is ruled by a provisional government.
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Albania
- 1944: The independence is restored. A provisional government and parliament dominated by communists is formed and Albania becomes a communist dictatorship. Kosovo is restored to
Yugoslavia.
- 1945: A constituent assembly is elected in elections intimidated by the communists. Various anti-communist uprisings take place.
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People's Republic of Albania
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Socialist People's Republic of Albania
- 1976: Albania is renamed Socialist People's Republic of Albania.
- 1990: After protests the ban on opposition parties is lifted.
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Republic of Albania
- 1991: Albania becomes a democracy and is renamed. The new constitution stipulates a
Assembly, elected in free multi-party elections on a universal suffrage, a
president elected by the parliament and a
government responsible to the parliament. A government of national unity is formed to arrange the transfer to democracy.
- 1995: Albania joins the
Council of Europe.
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