If was an American
science fiction magazine launched in March 1952 by Quinn Publications, owned by
James L. Quinn. After a series of editors, including
Paul W. Fairman,
Larry T. Shaw, and
Damon Knight, Quinn sold the magazine to Robert Guinn at Galaxy Publishing and in 1961
Frederik Pohl became editor. Under Pohl, If won the
Hugo Award for best professional magazine three years running from 1966 to 1968. In 1969 Guinn sold all his magazines to Universal Publishing and Distribution (UPD). The magazine was not as successful with
Ejler Jakobsson as editor and circulation plummeted. In early 1974
Jim Baen took over from Jakobsson as editor, but increasing paper costs meant that UPD could no longer afford to publish both Galaxy and If. Galaxy was regarded as the senior of the two magazines, so If was merged into Galaxy after the December 1974 issue, its 175th issue overall. Over its 22 years, If published many award-winning stories, including
Robert A. Heinlein's novel The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress, and
Harlan Ellison's short story "
I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream". Several well-known writers sold their first story to If; the most successful was
Larry Niven, whose story "The Coldest Place" appeared in the December 1964 issue. (more...)
Researchers announce that the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), closely related to
HIV, evolved at least 32,000 years ago, making it about a hundred times older than previously thought.
The Illustrated London News's depiction of students preparing to defend the Siege of Paris, the final action in the
Franco-Prussian War. The
siege began on 18 September 1870, and ended four months later with the defeat of France and the proclamation of
William I as emperor of the
German Empire. Paris sustained more damage in the siege than in any other conflict. Dissatisfaction with the German government led to rebellion and the formation of the
Paris Commune in 1871.
This Wikipedia is written in
English. Started in 2001 (2001), it currently contains
3,416,602 articles. Many other Wikipedias are available; some of the largest are listed below.
If was an American
science fiction magazine launched in March 1952 by Quinn Publications, owned by
James L. Quinn. After a series of editors, including
Paul W. Fairman,
Larry T. Shaw, and
Damon Knight, Quinn sold the magazine to Robert Guinn at Galaxy Publishing and in 1961
Frederik Pohl became editor. Under Pohl, If won the
Hugo Award for best professional magazine three years running from 1966 to 1968. In 1969 Guinn sold all his magazines to Universal Publishing and Distribution (UPD). The magazine was not as successful with
Ejler Jakobsson as editor and circulation plummeted. In early 1974
Jim Baen took over from Jakobsson as editor, but increasing paper costs meant that UPD could no longer afford to publish both Galaxy and If. Galaxy was regarded as the senior of the two magazines, so If was merged into Galaxy after the December 1974 issue, its 175th issue overall. Over its 22 years, If published many award-winning stories, including
Robert A. Heinlein's novel The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress, and
Harlan Ellison's short story "
I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream". Several well-known writers sold their first story to If; the most successful was
Larry Niven, whose story "The Coldest Place" appeared in the December 1964 issue. (more...)
Researchers announce that the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), closely related to
HIV, evolved at least 32,000 years ago, making it about a hundred times older than previously thought.
The Illustrated London News's depiction of students preparing to defend the Siege of Paris, the final action in the
Franco-Prussian War. The
siege began on 18 September 1870, and ended four months later with the defeat of France and the proclamation of
William I as emperor of the
German Empire. Paris sustained more damage in the siege than in any other conflict. Dissatisfaction with the German government led to rebellion and the formation of the
Paris Commune in 1871.
This Wikipedia is written in
English. Started in 2001 (2001), it currently contains
3,416,602 articles. Many other Wikipedias are available; some of the largest are listed below.