USER:ARYAMANA INDIA

This is a historical overview of armed conflicts involving India since Indian independence.

Wars in the Indian subcontinent

The following is an exhaustive list of wars and conflicts that were fought in the historic Indian subcontinent. The wars listed below involve three of the prominent empires to rule over the subcontinent — The Mauryas, Mughals and the Marathas. The Company rule in India is also included.

Maurya Empire (322 BCE–185 BCE)

Start	Finish	Name of Conflict	Belligerents		Outcome
Start	Finish	Name of Conflict	Allies	Opponent(s)	Outcome
321 BCE	320 BCE	Conquest of the Nanda Empire	Maurya Empire	Nanda Empire	Nanda Dynasty falls; start of Maurya Empire.
305 BCE	303 BCE	Seleucid–Mauryan war	Maurya Empire	Seleucid Empire	Chandragupta Maurya conquers all of the Macedonian Satrapies in the Indus River Valley.
262 BCE	261 BCE	Kalinga War	Maurya Empire	Kalinga	Asoka conquers Kalinga.

Mughal Empire (1526–1857)

Start	Finish	Name of Conflict	Belligerents		Outcome
Start	Finish	Name of Conflict	Allies	Opponent(s)	Outcome
1525		Mughal-Rajput War (1525)	Mughal Empire	Rajputs	Mughal expansion to Punjab
1615	1682	Ahom–Mughal War	Mughal Empire	Ahom kingdom	Ahom influence extended to the Manas river.
1622	1623	First Mughal–Persian War	Mughal Empire	Safavid Empire	Kandahar falls to Safavid.
1649	1653	Second Mughal–Persian War	Mughal Empire	Safavid Empire	Safavids recapture Kandahar.
1679	1684	Tibetan-Ladakh War	Ladakh Mughal Empire	Tibet Zungar Empire	Mughal victory, withdrawal after signing a treaty with the Ladakhis. With the help of reinforcements from the Zungar Empire, the Tibetans were victorious in another attacked in 1684. Treaty of Tingmosgang.
1681	1707	Deccan Wars	Mughal Empire	Maratha Empire	Permanent end to Mughal expansion in Deccan/Peninsular India.
1686	1690	Child's War	Mughal Empire	East India Company	The English were obliged to conclude peace with the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in 1689.
1738	1739	Third Mughal–Persian War	Mughal Empire	Afsharid dynasty	Takeover of Delhi.
1739	February 13, 1739	Battle of Karnal	Mughal Empire	Persian Afsharid Empire	Mughal Defeat
1741		Siege of Trichinopoly	Mughal Empire Nawab of the Carnatic	Maratha Empire	Maratha takeover of Tiruchirappalli.
1741	1748	Expeditions in Bengal	Mughal Empire Nawab of Bengal	Maratha Empire	Nawab of Bengal ceded territory up to the river Suvarnarekha to the Marathas.
1754	1763	Seven Years' War	France Austria Russia (until 1762) Spanish Empire (from 1761) Sweden (1757–62) Saxony Mughal Empire (from 1757)	Prussia Great Britain Hanover Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Iroquois Confederacy Portugal (from 1761) Hesse-Kassel Schaumburg-Lippe	Status quo ante in Europe. Transfer of colonial possessions between Great Britain, France, and Spain. France cedes New France (excluding Louisiana), to Great Britain and recognizes British supremacy in Bengal. Spain cedes Florida to Great Britain. France cedes Louisiana to Spain. Great Britain returns Cuba and Manilla (Philippine Islands) to Spain.
1857	1858	Indian Rebellion of 1857	Mughal Empire Maratha Empire	Company Raj	Rebellions suppressed, end of Mughal, Company and Maratha rule, formation of the Empire of India.

Maratha Empire (1674–1818)

Start	Finish	Name of Conflict	Belligerents		Outcome
Start	Finish	Name of Conflict	Allies	Opponent(s)	Outcome
1681	1707	Deccan Wars	Maratha Empire	Mughal Empire	Permanent end to Mughal expansion in Deccan/Peninsular India.
1739		Battle of Vasai	Maratha Empire	Portuguese Empire	Maratha victory
1741		Siege of Trichinopoly	Maratha Empire	Mughal Empire Nawab of the Carnatic	Maratha takeover of Tiruchirappalli.
1741	1748	Expeditions in Bengal	Maratha Empire	Mughal Empire Nawab of Bengal	Nawab of Bengal ceded territory up to the river Suvarnarekha to the Marathas.
1757	1758	Conquest of North-West India	Maratha Empire	Durrani Empire	Marathas captured Punjab, Kashmir and Nwfp.
1767	1769	First Anglo-Mysore War	Company Raj Maratha Empire Nawab of the Carnatic Hyderabad	Mysore	Stalemate Treaty of Madras.
1775	1782	First Anglo-Maratha War	Maratha Empire	Company Raj	Maratha victory Treaty of Salbai.
1785	1787	Maratha-Mysore War	Maratha Empire	Mysore	Maratha victory Treaty of Gajendragad.
1789	1792	Third Anglo-Mysore War	Company Raj Maratha Empire Hyderabad Travancore	Mysore	Maratha victory Treaty of Seringapatam.
1798	1799	Fourth Anglo-Mysore War	Company Raj Maratha Empire Hyderabad Travancore	Mysore	Final defeat of Mysore. Mysore became a princely state of British India.
1803	1805	Second Anglo-Maratha War	Maratha Empire	Company Raj	Company victory Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon.
1817	1818	Third Anglo-Maratha War	Maratha Empire	Company Raj	Company victory Formal end of the Maratha Empire.
1857	1858	Indian Rebellion of 1857	Mughal Empire Maratha Empire	Company Raj	Rebellions suppressed, end of Mughal, Company and Maratha rule, formation of the Empire of India.

Company rule in India (1757–1858)

Start	Finish	Name of Conflict	Belligerents		Outcome
Start	Finish	Name of Conflict	Allies	Opponent(s)	Outcome
1757		Battle of Plassey	Company rule in India	Nawab of Bengal French East India	Bengal annexed by the Company Raj.
1764		Battle of Buxar	Company rule in India	Mughal Empire	Company victory Treaty of Allahabad.
1767	1769	First Anglo-Mysore War	Company rule in India Maratha Confederacy Nawab of the Carnatic Hyderabad	Mysore	Stalemate Treaty of Madras.
1775	1782	First Anglo-Maratha War	Company rule in India	Maratha Confederacy	Maratha victory Treaty of Salbai.
1779	1784	Second Anglo-Mysore War	Great Britain Company rule in India Hanover	Mysore France Dutch Republic	Treaty of Mangalore.
1789	1792	Third Anglo-Mysore War	Company rule in India Maratha Empire Hyderabad Travancore	Mysore	Mysore defeated Treaty of Seringapatam.
1798	1799	Fourth Anglo-Mysore War	Company rule in India	Mysore	Defeat of Mysore and death of Tipu Sultan at the battlefield.
1803	1805	Second Anglo-Maratha War	Company rule in India	Maratha Confederacy	Company victory Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon.
1814	1816	Anglo-Nepalese War	Company rule in India Garhwal Kingdom Patiala State	Nepal	Treaty of Sugauli, territory under Nepal's control ceded to the British Empire.
1815		Capture of East India Company ship Nautilus	Company rule in India	United States	Company defeat Nautilus boarded and occupied by American forces
1817	1818	Third Anglo-Maratha War	Company rule in India	Maratha Confederacy	Formal end of the Maratha Empire.
1824	1826	First Anglo-Burmese War	Company rule in India	Burmese Empire	Treaty of Yandabo, Beginning of British rule in Burma.
1839	1842	First Anglo-Afghan War	Company rule in India	Afghanistan	British withdrawal from Afghanistan.
1839	1842	First Opium War	Great Britain Company rule in India	China	British victory Treaty of Nanking.
1845	1846	First Anglo-Sikh War	Company rule in India Patiala	Sikh Empire	Company victory
1848	1849	Second Anglo-Sikh War	Company rule in India	Sikh Empire	End of the Sikh Empire.
1852		Second Anglo-Burmese War	Company rule in India	Burmese Empire	Mindon Min replaced Pagan Min on the Burmese throne.
1856	1857	Anglo-Persian War	United Kingdom Company rule in India Afghanistan	Iran	Treaty of Paris, Persian withdrawal from Herat.
1857	1858	Indian Rebellion of 1857	Company rule in India British Army	Mughal Empire Maratha Confederacy	Rebellions suppressed, end of Mughal, Company and Maratha rule, formation of the Empire of India.

Empire of India (1858–1947)

Following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the three major powers, the Mughals, Marathas and the British East India company came to end and the British crown now began to rule over India directly as per the Government of India Act 1858. India was now a single empire comprising British India and the Princely states. The Empire of India was officially created by British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli for Queen Victoria in 1876 and she was crowned Empress of India.

Start	Finish	Name of Conflict	Belligerents		Outcome
Start	Finish	Name of Conflict	Allies	Opponent(s)	Outcome
1856	1860	Second Opium War	British Empire United Kingdom India French Empire	China	Victory Treaties of Tientsin.
1863	1864	Ambela Campaign	India	Afghan Pashtuns Yusufzai tribes	Victory Bunerwals surrender. Malka burned.
1864	1865	Bhutan War	India	Bhutan	Victory Bhutanese territorial cessions to India.
1867	1868	British Expedition to Abyssinia	United Kingdom India	Ethiopian Empire	Victory British victory at the Battle of Magdala, Theodore II commits suicide.
1878	1880	Second Anglo-Afghan War	United Kingdom India	Afghanistan	Victory Treaty of Gandamak, British objectives attained. Afghanistan's tribal frontier areas annexed into British India. Afghanistan becomes a British Protectorate.
1881	1899	Mahdist War	United Kingdom India Egypt Ethiopia	Mahdist Sudan	Victory Sudan became an Anglo-Egyptian condominium.
1882		Anglo-Egyptian War	United Kingdom India Tewfik Pasha	Ahmed Orabi	Victory Ahmed Orabi exiled, British occupation of Egypt.
1885		Third Anglo-Burmese War	India	Burmese Empire	Victory The province of Burma became part of the British Raj.
1888		Third Black Mountain Expedition	India	Hassanzai and Akazai tribes.	Victory Allaiwal village of Pokal occupied and destroyed.
1888		Sikkim Expedition	India	Tibet	Victory Tibetan forces expelled from Sikkim.
1891		Hunza-Nagar Campaign	India	Hunza Nagar	Victory The British gained control of Hunza and Nagar.
1895		Chitral Expedition	India	Chitralis Bajouri and Afghan Tribesmen	Victory Fort of Chitral relieved.
1896		Anglo-Zanzibar War	Britain India	Zanzibar Sultanate	Victory End of the Sultanate of Zanzibar. Zanzibar ceded to the British Empire.
1896		Tochi Expedition	India	Waziris	Victory Rebellion put down.
1897		Siege of Malakand	India	پشتون Pashtun tribes	Victory Siege successful.
1897	1898	First Mohmand Campaign	India	Mohmands	Victory Punitive expedition successful.
1897	1898	Tirah Campaign	India	Afridis Orakzais Chamkanis	Victory Negotiations for peace were then begun with the Afridis.
1899	1901	Boxer Rebellion	Empire of Japan Russia United Kingdom India France United States Germany Austria-Hungary Italy	Yihetuan Movement China	Victory The rebellion was suppressed. Signing of the Boxer Protocol. Provisions for foreign troops to be stationed in Beijing.
1899	1902	Second Boer War	United Kingdom British Cape Colony Natal Colony Rhodesia Australia India Canada New Zealand British Ceylon	Orange Free State South African Republic	Victory Treaty of Vereeniging, British sovereignty over The Orange Free State and the Transvaal.
1903	1904	British expedition to Tibet	India	Tibet	Victory Treaty enforced, return to status quo.
1906		Bambatha Rebellion	United Kingdom India	Zulu people	Victory Rebellion suppressed
1914	1918	World War I	France United Kingdom South Africa Australia Canada India Newfoundland New Zealand Russian Empire Italy United States Serbia Japan Belgium Greece Romania Portugal Brazil	Germany DSWA DOA Kamerun DNG Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria South African Republic	Victory End of the German, Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian empires Formation of new countries in Europe and the Middle East Transfer of German colonies and regions of the former Ottoman Empire to other powers Establishment of the League of Nations.
1918	1920	Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War	White movement British Empire United Kingdom Canada Australia India Japan Czechoslovakia Greece Poland United States France Romania Serbia Italy China	Russian SFSR Far Eastern Republic Latvian SSR Ukrainian SSR Commune of Estonia Mongolian communists	Withdrawal Allied withdrawal from Russia. Bolshevik victory over White Army.
1919	1923	Turkish War of Independence	Greece Pontic Rebels France French West Africa Armenia United Kingdom India Georgia	Ankara Government Kuva-yi Milliye	Armistice ^[1] Overthrow of the Ottoman Sultanate. Armistice of Mudanya. Treaty of Lausanne. Establishment of the Republic of Turkey.
1919		Third Anglo-Afghan War	United Kingdom India	Afghanistan	Armistice Treaty of Rawalpindi Afghan invasion repelled. Afghanistan regains control of external affairs. Reaffirmation of the Durand Line.
1919		First Waziristan Campaign	India	Waziristan	Victory Suppression of insurrection by independent Wazir tribes.
1919	1920	Kuwait–Najd War	United Kingdom India Kuwait	Sultanate of Nejd Ikhwan	Victory Ikhawan retreat.
1920		Iraqi revolt	United Kingdom India	Iraqi rebels	Victory Faisal I of Iraq installed as the King of Iraq.
1921		Malabar rebellion	India	Mappila Muslims	Victory Rebellion suppressed.
1925		Pink's War	India	Mahsud tribesmen	Victory Tribal leaders accept terms.
1935		Second Mohmand Campaign	India	Mohmands	Victory Jirga and peace.
1936	1939	Second Waziristan Campaign	India	Waziri tribesmen	Victory Suppression of insurrection by independent Wazir tribes.
1939	1945	World War II	Soviet Union United States United Kingdom India Republic of China South Africa Australia Canada New Zealand France Poland Yugoslavia Greece Denmark Norway Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg Czechoslovakia	Germany Vichy France Italy Japan Manchukuo Mengjiang Wang Jingwei regime Azad Hind Thailand Empire of Vietnam State of Burma Hungary Romania Bulgaria	Victory Collapse of the German Reich Collapse of Fascism in Italy Creation of the United Nations Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers Beginning of the Cold War
1945	1947	Indonesian National Revolution	Netherlands United Kingdom India	Indonesia	Withdrawal Indian withdrawal after independence in 1947. The Netherlands recognises Indonesian independence.
1945	1946	Operation Masterdom	United Kingdom India France Japan	Viet Minh	Withdrawal Start of the First Indochina War, lasting until the Geneva Conference of 1954.

Dominion of India (1947–1950)

Following Indian independence, merger of princely states and provinces remained a major question. The partition resulted in a hostile neighbor Pakistan and the two have fought four wars since then.

Start	Finish	Name of Conflict	Belligerents		Outcome
Start	Finish	Name of Conflict	Allies	Opponent(s)	Outcome
1947	1948	First Indo-Pakistani War	India Jammu and Kashmir	Pakistan Furqan Force	Ceasefire Partitioning of Jammu and Kashmir.
1947		Indian integration of Junagadh	India	Junagadh State	Victory State of Junagadh annexed to the Union of India.
1948		Operation Polo	India	Hyderabad	Victory State of Hyderabad annexed to the Union of India.

Republic of India (1950–present)

India has fought many wars and minor conflicts during its period as a republic.

Conflict	Belligerents		Outcome
Conflict	Allies	Opponent(s)	Outcome
Operation Tomahawk (1951)	United Nations United States India^[2]	China North Korea	Victory United Nations objectives fulfilled.
Liberation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli (1954)	India	Portugal Portuguese India	Victory Incorporation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli into India.
Liberation of Goa (1961)	India	Portugal Portuguese India	Victory Incorporation of Goa into India.
Sino-Indian War (1961)	India	China	Defeat Return to status quo ante bellum.
Insurgency in Northeast India (1964-Present)	India Bhutan	Full List ATTF BLTF HuM KLNLF KLO MNF NDFB NSCN PLA ULFA UNLF ACF BKI DHD GNLA HNLC HPC IRF KCP KYKL MULTA NLFT PREPAK TNV UPDS ZRA	Ongoing Conflict ongoing. Insurgency largely subsided. Indian army recaptures territory held by MNF. Bhutanese victory in Operation All Clear. AFSPA introduced in five north-eastern states, later repealed in Tripura.^[3]
Second Indo-Pakistani War (1965)	India	Pakistan	Armistice Return to status quo ante bellum.
Naxalite-Maoist insurgency (1964-Present)	India Salwa Judum Ranvir Sena	Communist Party of India (Maoist) People's Liberation Guerrilla Army Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Janashakti Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Naxalbari (until 2014) Communist Party of United States of India Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) New Democracy Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Mahadev Mukherjee) People's Liberation Army of Manipur Purbo Banglar Communist Party Centre of Indian Communists Tamil Nadu Liberation Army Supported by: Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) File:NPA.png New People's Army^[4]	Ongoing Conflict ongoing. Indian victory in Operation Steeplechase. Insurgency largely subsided via Operation Green Hunt.
Third Indo-Pakistani War or Bangladesh Liberation War (1971)	India Mukti Bahini	Pakistan	Victory Pakistani surrender in East Pakistan. Independence of Bangladesh.
Amalgamation of Sikkim	India	Sikkim	Victory Incorporation of Sikkim into India.
Operation Blue Star (1984)	India	Sikh Militants	Victory Militants cleared out of Harmandir Sahib.
Siachen Conflict (1984-2003)	India	Pakistan	Victory Siachen Glacier comes under Indian control following Operation Meghdoot. India gains control of the entire Siachen Glacier and the crest (top) of the main Saltoro Ridge west of the glacier. Ceasefire since 2003. Conflict ongoing.
Operation Flowers are Blooming (1986)	India Seychelles	Seychelles Army	Victory Coup averted. Berlouis resigns.
Sri Lankan Civil War (1987-1990)	India Sri Lanka	Tamil Tigers	Withdrawal Withdrawal of Indian peace keeping forces from the civil war. Continued civil war in Sri Lanka.
Operation Cactus (1988)	India Maldives	PLOTE Maldivian rebels	Victory Government rule restored in Maldives.
Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir (1989-Present)	India	Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami Lashkar-e-Taiba Jaish-e-Mohammed Hizbul Mujahideen Harkat-ul-Mujahideen Al-Badr Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front Supported by: Pakistan^[5] Taliban^[6] al-Qaeda^[6]	Ongoing Insurgency ongoing and largely subsided. AFSPA enforced in Jammu and Kashmir.
Kargil War (1999)	India	Pakistan	Victory Pakistani military retreat from Kargil.^[7]
Operation Ocean Shield (2009-Present)	Japan Somalia United States United Kingdom Denmark Netherlands Spain Greece Germany Belgium Canada Italy Portugal Turkey Norway Australia India New Zealand Saudi Arabia Ukraine South Korea	Somali Pirates	Ongoing Operations being conducted