| View this table as an image. | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Place of articulation → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Radical | Glottal | ||||||||||||
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Epiglottal | |||||||
| Manner of articulation ↓ | |||||||||||||||||
| Nasal | m | ɱ | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | ɴ | ||||||||||
| Plosive | p b | p̪ b̪ | t d | ʈ ɖ | c ɟ | k ɡ | q ɢ | ʡ | ʔ | ||||||||
| Fricative | ɸ β | f v | θ ð | s z | ʃ ʒ | ʂ ʐ | ç ʝ | x ɣ | χ | ʁ | ħ | ʕ | ʜ | ʢ | h ɦ | ||
| Approximant | β̞ | ʋ | ɹ | ɻ | j | ɰ | |||||||||||
| Trill | ʙ | r | ʀ | я* | |||||||||||||
| Tap or Flap | ⱱ̟† | ⱱ† | ɾ | ɽ | ɢ̆ | ʡ̯ | |||||||||||
| Lateral Fricative | ɬ ɮ | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Lateral Approximant | l | ɭ | ʎ | ʟ | |||||||||||||
| Lateral Flap | ɺ | * | ʎ̯ | ʟ̆ | |||||||||||||
- Notes
- Asterisks (*) next to symbols mark reported sounds that do not (yet) have official IPA symbols. See the respective articles for ad hoc symbols found in the literature.
- Daggers (†) mark IPA symbols that have recently been added to
Unicode. As of Unicode 5.1.0, this is the case of the
labiodental flap, symbolized by a right-hook v:
. These will display properly with a recent version of
Charis SIL,
Doulos SIL or
DejaVu Sans fonts installed. - In rows where some symbols appear in pairs (the obstruents), the symbol to the right represents a voiced consonant (except breathy-voiced [ɦ]). However, [ʔ] cannot be voiced, and the voicing of [ʡ] is ambiguous. [1] In the other rows (the sonorants), the single symbol represents a voiced consonant.
- Although there is a single symbol for the coronal places of articulation for all consonants but fricatives, when dealing with a particular language, the symbols may be treated as specifically dental, alveolar, or post-alveolar, as appropriate for that language, without diacritics.
- Shaded areas indicate articulations judged to be impossible.
- The symbols [ʁ, ʕ, ʢ] represent either voiced fricatives or approximants.
- In many languages, such as English, [h] and [ɦ] are not actually glottal, fricatives, or approximants. Rather, they are bare phonation. [2]
- It is primarily the shape of the tongue rather than its position that distinguishes the fricatives [ʃ ʒ], [ɕ ʑ], and [ʂ ʐ].
.svg){kind=small}
| View this table as an image. | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Place of articulation → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Radical | Glottal | ||||||||||||
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Epiglottal | |||||||
| Manner of articulation ↓ | |||||||||||||||||
| Nasal | m | ɱ | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | ɴ | ||||||||||
| Plosive | p b | p̪ b̪ | t d | ʈ ɖ | c ɟ | k ɡ | q ɢ | ʡ | ʔ | ||||||||
| Fricative | ɸ β | f v | θ ð | s z | ʃ ʒ | ʂ ʐ | ç ʝ | x ɣ | χ | ʁ | ħ | ʕ | ʜ | ʢ | h ɦ | ||
| Approximant | β̞ | ʋ | ɹ | ɻ | j | ɰ | |||||||||||
| Trill | ʙ | r | ʀ | я* | |||||||||||||
| Tap or Flap | ⱱ̟† | ⱱ† | ɾ | ɽ | ɢ̆ | ʡ̯ | |||||||||||
| Lateral Fricative | ɬ ɮ | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Lateral Approximant | l | ɭ | ʎ | ʟ | |||||||||||||
| Lateral Flap | ɺ | * | ʎ̯ | ʟ̆ | |||||||||||||
- Notes
- Asterisks (*) next to symbols mark reported sounds that do not (yet) have official IPA symbols. See the respective articles for ad hoc symbols found in the literature.
- Daggers (†) mark IPA symbols that have recently been added to
Unicode. As of Unicode 5.1.0, this is the case of the
labiodental flap, symbolized by a right-hook v:
. These will display properly with a recent version of
Charis SIL,
Doulos SIL or
DejaVu Sans fonts installed.
- In rows where some symbols appear in pairs (the obstruents), the symbol to the right represents a voiced consonant (except breathy-voiced [ɦ]). However, [ʔ] cannot be voiced, and the voicing of [ʡ] is ambiguous. [1] In the other rows (the sonorants), the single symbol represents a voiced consonant.
- Although there is a single symbol for the coronal places of articulation for all consonants but fricatives, when dealing with a particular language, the symbols may be treated as specifically dental, alveolar, or post-alveolar, as appropriate for that language, without diacritics.
- Shaded areas indicate articulations judged to be impossible.
- The symbols [ʁ, ʕ, ʢ] represent either voiced fricatives or approximants.
- In many languages, such as English, [h] and [ɦ] are not actually glottal, fricatives, or approximants. Rather, they are bare phonation. [2]
- It is primarily the shape of the tongue rather than its position that distinguishes the fricatives [ʃ ʒ], [ɕ ʑ], and [ʂ ʐ].