776 Traditional date for the first historic
Olympic games.
757 The
First Messenian War starts. (Date disputed by
Jerome,
Pausanias and
Diodorus; this estimate is based on a reading of Diodorus' Spartan king lists and Pausanias' description of the war).
753 Athens: Office of
Archon reduced to 10 years. Members of the ruling family to possess the office starting with Charops. (Dating based on Pausanias).
730 Troliton is abandoned and settlers settled in Leontini
728 Troliton settlers are ostracized from Leontini and settle
Thapsos
727–717 Hippomenes, archon of Athens, kills his daughter's adulterer by yoking him to his chariot and then locks his daughter
Leimone in with a horse until she dies. (Pausanias and
Aristotle).
c. 725Lelantine War between
Chalcis and
Eretria. Many Greek cities are allied with one or the other. Dates before this time uncertain.
725 Thapsos abandoned and
Megara Hyblaea is settled by the Thapsos settlers
716 According to legend: The reign of the
Heraklids over
Lydia is ended when
Candaules, known as
Myrsilus to the Greeks, is murdered by Gyges because of his wife's anger.
688 Arisba is annexed by
Methymna and Mytilene declares war on Methymna
687 Annual office of
Archon established in Athens. Any Athenian
citizen can be elected to the office if they have the qualifications.
Creon elected first annual archon. (Dating based on Pausanias).
594
Solon, Athenian statesman, becomes
Archon pre-582 BC (cf. ML6 and
Plutarch Sol. 14)—later, when member of the
Areopagus is appointed to effect social reforms in order to preserve order in
Athens, which include the abolition of the security of debts on a debtor's person (Aristotle Ath. Pol. 6), returning exiled Athenian slaves (Solon fr. 4 in Ath. Pol. 12), changing the value of weights and measures to the Korinthian standard, prohibiting the export of grain from
Attica and encouraging the planting of olives (Plut. Sol. 22–4), established the property classes (Ar. Ath. Pol. 7) and the council of 400 (Ar. Ath. Pol. 8).
575Empúries, also known as Ampurias (Greek: Ἐμπόριον, Catalan: Empúries [əmˈpuɾiəs], Spanish: Ampurias [amˈpuɾjas]), a town on the Mediterranean coast of the Catalan comarca of Alt Empordà in Catalonia, Spain is founded by Greek colonists from Phocaea with the name of Ἐμπόριον (Emporion, meaning "trading place", cf. emporion).
478
Delian League is founded by Athens and is soon joined by Ionia,
Delos,
Kos, Euboea,
Tilos, Rhodes,
Karpathos, Athenai, Paros, Troezen,
Sifnos, Doris, Aeolis, Andros,
Aenea, Akanthos, Samos, Chalcis, Eretria, Chios, Methymna, Chalkidiki, Mutilḗnē, Sigeion, Éphesos and many others
478 Gelon dies and is succeeded by Hieron,
Polyzelos is put in control of Gela
470 The new urban zone of
Neápolis (Νεάπολις) was founded by citizens of the nearby Greek city of
Cumae on the plain of
Parthenope after the victorious
Battle of Cumae
428 Mytilene and
Antissa leave the Delian league and Mytilene is sieged by Athens, Antissa is sieged by Methymna
428 Illios joins the Delian League
427 Suppression of Mytilene, Antissa is annexed by Methymna, Mytilene becomes an Athenian Cleurchy, Mytilene Troad joins the Delian League as independent cities
427
Archidamus II dies,
Alcidas, Greek admiral sent to help
Lesbos, raids
Ionia and flees after seeing Athenian might. Athenian Plague returns.
427 Plataea is impressed into the Boeotian League and by extension, the Peloponnesian League
426Demosthenes, Athenian general, and
Cleon, Athenian demagogue, revitalizes Athenian forces, makes bold plans opposed by
Nicias, his first military campaign barely succeeds.
415Hermai statues are mutilated in Athens, Alcibiades accused, asks for inquiry, told to set sail for battle (
Sicilian Expedition), is condemned to death in absentia, he defects to
Sparta.
405 Gela, Kamarina and Akrillai is sacked by Carthage
405 Carthage allow the people of the sacked cities to return as Carthaginian subjects and rebuild their cities
405 Leontini and Morgantina declare independence from Syracuse
405 Carthage annexes
Elymi, Sicel and
Sican territory
405 The naval Battle of
Aegospotami in which Lysander captures the Athenian fleet, Spartan king
Pausanias besieges Athens, Cleophon executed, Corinth and Thebes demand destruction of Athens.
405 Klazomenai and Ephesus betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League. All Carthaginian subjects (Except Ziz, their islands, Motya, Solus, Elymi, Segesta, and Entella) gain independence
404 Athens capitulates April 25.
Theramenes secures terms, prevents total destruction of Athens, Theramenes and Alcibiades are killed.
404 Delian League is dissolved
404 Korinth leaves the Peloponnesian League
404
Entella is overthrown by mercenaries loyal to Carthage
382 Thebes is overthrown by Leontiades and Archias
382 Thebes is impressed into the Peloponnesian League
380 Sparta besieges Phlius
380 Makedonia recaptures their former territory
379 Kroton is annexed by Dionysius
379 Phlius is impressed into the Peloponnesian League
379 The Chalcidian League is disbanded and its former members are impressed into the Peloponnesian League and Potidaea and Korinth also join the league
379 Leontiades and Archias are overthrown and Thebes leaves the Peloponnesian League
220Euthydemus I of the Greco-Bactrians led expeditions as far as
Kashgar and
Ürümqi in
Xinjiang, leading to the first known contacts between China and the West.[16]
155 BC Attack of the Indo-Greeks on
Pataliputra,[17] a magnificent fortified city with 570 towers and 64 gates according to
Megasthenes,[18] who describes the ultimate destruction of the city's walls.[19]
^Hind, John. "The Bosporan Kingdom". In Lewis, D.M.; Boardman, J.; Hornblower, S.; Ostwald, M. (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. VI – The 4th Century BC. Cambridge: CUP. pp. 476–511.
^Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,
ISBN0-631-19807-5, page 114,"... in the early history of the colony settled in 385 BC on the island Pharos (Hvar) from the Aegean island Paros, famed for its marble. In traditional fashion they accepted the guidance of an oracle, ..."
^Freely, John, The western shores of Turkey: discovering the Aegean and Mediterranean coasts, p.
91
^It is mentioned in the accounts of the famous Chinese
explorerZhang Qian in 130 BC and the numerous embassies that followed him into Central Asia. The country of Dayuan is generally accepted as city state relating to the
Ferghana Valley, and its Greek city
Alexandria Eschate (modern
Khujand,
Tajikistan)
^Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society By Curtis E. Larsen p. 50
^The Greek historian
Strabo too writes that: "they extended their empire even as far as the
Seres (Chinese) and the
Phryni". (
Strabo, XI.XI.I)
^"The advance of the Greek to Pataliputra is recorded from the Indian side in the Yuga-purana", Tarn, p.145
^"The greatest city in India is that which is called Palimbothra, in the dominions of the Prasians
... Megasthenes informs us that this city stretched in the inhabited quarters to an extreme length on each side of eighty stadia, and that its breadth was fifteen stadia, and that a ditch encompassed it all round, which was six hundred feet in breadth and thirty cubits in depth, and that the wall was crowned with 570 towers and had four-and-sixty gates." Arr. Ind. 10. "Of Pataliputra and the Manners of the Indians.", quoting Megasthenes
TextArchived December 10, 2008, at the
Wayback Machine
^"The text of the Yuga Purana, as we have shown, gives an explicit clue to the period and nature of the invasion of Pataliputra in which the Indo-Greeks took part, for it says that the Pancalas and the Mathuras were the other powers who attacked Saketa and destroyed Pataliputra", Narain, The Indo-Greeks, p. 112.
776 Traditional date for the first historic
Olympic games.
757 The
First Messenian War starts. (Date disputed by
Jerome,
Pausanias and
Diodorus; this estimate is based on a reading of Diodorus' Spartan king lists and Pausanias' description of the war).
753 Athens: Office of
Archon reduced to 10 years. Members of the ruling family to possess the office starting with Charops. (Dating based on Pausanias).
730 Troliton is abandoned and settlers settled in Leontini
728 Troliton settlers are ostracized from Leontini and settle
Thapsos
727–717 Hippomenes, archon of Athens, kills his daughter's adulterer by yoking him to his chariot and then locks his daughter
Leimone in with a horse until she dies. (Pausanias and
Aristotle).
c. 725Lelantine War between
Chalcis and
Eretria. Many Greek cities are allied with one or the other. Dates before this time uncertain.
725 Thapsos abandoned and
Megara Hyblaea is settled by the Thapsos settlers
716 According to legend: The reign of the
Heraklids over
Lydia is ended when
Candaules, known as
Myrsilus to the Greeks, is murdered by Gyges because of his wife's anger.
688 Arisba is annexed by
Methymna and Mytilene declares war on Methymna
687 Annual office of
Archon established in Athens. Any Athenian
citizen can be elected to the office if they have the qualifications.
Creon elected first annual archon. (Dating based on Pausanias).
594
Solon, Athenian statesman, becomes
Archon pre-582 BC (cf. ML6 and
Plutarch Sol. 14)—later, when member of the
Areopagus is appointed to effect social reforms in order to preserve order in
Athens, which include the abolition of the security of debts on a debtor's person (Aristotle Ath. Pol. 6), returning exiled Athenian slaves (Solon fr. 4 in Ath. Pol. 12), changing the value of weights and measures to the Korinthian standard, prohibiting the export of grain from
Attica and encouraging the planting of olives (Plut. Sol. 22–4), established the property classes (Ar. Ath. Pol. 7) and the council of 400 (Ar. Ath. Pol. 8).
575Empúries, also known as Ampurias (Greek: Ἐμπόριον, Catalan: Empúries [əmˈpuɾiəs], Spanish: Ampurias [amˈpuɾjas]), a town on the Mediterranean coast of the Catalan comarca of Alt Empordà in Catalonia, Spain is founded by Greek colonists from Phocaea with the name of Ἐμπόριον (Emporion, meaning "trading place", cf. emporion).
478
Delian League is founded by Athens and is soon joined by Ionia,
Delos,
Kos, Euboea,
Tilos, Rhodes,
Karpathos, Athenai, Paros, Troezen,
Sifnos, Doris, Aeolis, Andros,
Aenea, Akanthos, Samos, Chalcis, Eretria, Chios, Methymna, Chalkidiki, Mutilḗnē, Sigeion, Éphesos and many others
478 Gelon dies and is succeeded by Hieron,
Polyzelos is put in control of Gela
470 The new urban zone of
Neápolis (Νεάπολις) was founded by citizens of the nearby Greek city of
Cumae on the plain of
Parthenope after the victorious
Battle of Cumae
428 Mytilene and
Antissa leave the Delian league and Mytilene is sieged by Athens, Antissa is sieged by Methymna
428 Illios joins the Delian League
427 Suppression of Mytilene, Antissa is annexed by Methymna, Mytilene becomes an Athenian Cleurchy, Mytilene Troad joins the Delian League as independent cities
427
Archidamus II dies,
Alcidas, Greek admiral sent to help
Lesbos, raids
Ionia and flees after seeing Athenian might. Athenian Plague returns.
427 Plataea is impressed into the Boeotian League and by extension, the Peloponnesian League
426Demosthenes, Athenian general, and
Cleon, Athenian demagogue, revitalizes Athenian forces, makes bold plans opposed by
Nicias, his first military campaign barely succeeds.
415Hermai statues are mutilated in Athens, Alcibiades accused, asks for inquiry, told to set sail for battle (
Sicilian Expedition), is condemned to death in absentia, he defects to
Sparta.
405 Gela, Kamarina and Akrillai is sacked by Carthage
405 Carthage allow the people of the sacked cities to return as Carthaginian subjects and rebuild their cities
405 Leontini and Morgantina declare independence from Syracuse
405 Carthage annexes
Elymi, Sicel and
Sican territory
405 The naval Battle of
Aegospotami in which Lysander captures the Athenian fleet, Spartan king
Pausanias besieges Athens, Cleophon executed, Corinth and Thebes demand destruction of Athens.
405 Klazomenai and Ephesus betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League. All Carthaginian subjects (Except Ziz, their islands, Motya, Solus, Elymi, Segesta, and Entella) gain independence
404 Athens capitulates April 25.
Theramenes secures terms, prevents total destruction of Athens, Theramenes and Alcibiades are killed.
404 Delian League is dissolved
404 Korinth leaves the Peloponnesian League
404
Entella is overthrown by mercenaries loyal to Carthage
382 Thebes is overthrown by Leontiades and Archias
382 Thebes is impressed into the Peloponnesian League
380 Sparta besieges Phlius
380 Makedonia recaptures their former territory
379 Kroton is annexed by Dionysius
379 Phlius is impressed into the Peloponnesian League
379 The Chalcidian League is disbanded and its former members are impressed into the Peloponnesian League and Potidaea and Korinth also join the league
379 Leontiades and Archias are overthrown and Thebes leaves the Peloponnesian League
220Euthydemus I of the Greco-Bactrians led expeditions as far as
Kashgar and
Ürümqi in
Xinjiang, leading to the first known contacts between China and the West.[16]
155 BC Attack of the Indo-Greeks on
Pataliputra,[17] a magnificent fortified city with 570 towers and 64 gates according to
Megasthenes,[18] who describes the ultimate destruction of the city's walls.[19]
^Hind, John. "The Bosporan Kingdom". In Lewis, D.M.; Boardman, J.; Hornblower, S.; Ostwald, M. (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. VI – The 4th Century BC. Cambridge: CUP. pp. 476–511.
^Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,
ISBN0-631-19807-5, page 114,"... in the early history of the colony settled in 385 BC on the island Pharos (Hvar) from the Aegean island Paros, famed for its marble. In traditional fashion they accepted the guidance of an oracle, ..."
^Freely, John, The western shores of Turkey: discovering the Aegean and Mediterranean coasts, p.
91
^It is mentioned in the accounts of the famous Chinese
explorerZhang Qian in 130 BC and the numerous embassies that followed him into Central Asia. The country of Dayuan is generally accepted as city state relating to the
Ferghana Valley, and its Greek city
Alexandria Eschate (modern
Khujand,
Tajikistan)
^Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society By Curtis E. Larsen p. 50
^The Greek historian
Strabo too writes that: "they extended their empire even as far as the
Seres (Chinese) and the
Phryni". (
Strabo, XI.XI.I)
^"The advance of the Greek to Pataliputra is recorded from the Indian side in the Yuga-purana", Tarn, p.145
^"The greatest city in India is that which is called Palimbothra, in the dominions of the Prasians
... Megasthenes informs us that this city stretched in the inhabited quarters to an extreme length on each side of eighty stadia, and that its breadth was fifteen stadia, and that a ditch encompassed it all round, which was six hundred feet in breadth and thirty cubits in depth, and that the wall was crowned with 570 towers and had four-and-sixty gates." Arr. Ind. 10. "Of Pataliputra and the Manners of the Indians.", quoting Megasthenes
TextArchived December 10, 2008, at the
Wayback Machine
^"The text of the Yuga Purana, as we have shown, gives an explicit clue to the period and nature of the invasion of Pataliputra in which the Indo-Greeks took part, for it says that the Pancalas and the Mathuras were the other powers who attacked Saketa and destroyed Pataliputra", Narain, The Indo-Greeks, p. 112.