You can help expand this article with text translated from
the corresponding article in Portuguese. (May 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
Terêna | |
---|---|
Native to | Brazil |
Region | Mato Grosso do Sul |
Ethnicity | Terena people |
Native speakers | 16,000 (2006) [1] |
Arawakan
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-2 |
ter |
ISO 639-3 | Variously:
ter – Terena
gqn –
Kinikinao &
Guaná
caj –
Chané |
Glottolog |
tere1279 |
ELP | Terena |
Guana (Brazil) [2] |
Terêna or Etelena is spoken by 15,000 Brazilians. The language has a dictionary and written grammar. [3] Many Terena people have low Portuguese proficiency. It is spoken in Mato Grosso do Sul. About 20% are literate in their language, 80% literate in Portuguese.[ citation needed]
Terêna has an active–stative syntax [4] and verb-object-subject as default word order. [5]
Terêna had four varieties: Kinikinao, Terena proper, Guaná, and Chané. These varieties have sometimes been considered to be separate languages. [6] Carvalho (2016) has since demonstrated all four to be the same language. [7] Only Terena proper is still spoken.
Terena originated in the Northwestern Chaco. [8] As a result, many Northern Guaicuruan loanwords can be found in Terena. [9]
There are also many Tupi-Guarani loanwords in Terena and other southern Arawakan languages. [10]
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | ( tʃ) | k | ʔ |
prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | |||
Fricative | voiceless | s | ʃ | h | ||
prenasal | ⁿz | ⁿʒ | ||||
Nasal | m | n | ( ɲ) | |||
Tap | ɾ | |||||
Lateral | l | ( ʎ) | ||||
Approximant | w ~ v | j |
/w, ʃ, n, l/ may often be heard as [v, tʃ, ɲ, ʎ]. [11]
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i ĩ iː | ( ɨ) | u ũ uː |
Mid | e ẽ eː | o õ oː | |
ɛ ɛː | ɔ ɔː | ||
Low | a ã aː |
[ɨ] is heard as an allophone of /i/. [12]
{{
cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
You can help expand this article with text translated from
the corresponding article in Portuguese. (May 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
Terêna | |
---|---|
Native to | Brazil |
Region | Mato Grosso do Sul |
Ethnicity | Terena people |
Native speakers | 16,000 (2006) [1] |
Arawakan
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-2 |
ter |
ISO 639-3 | Variously:
ter – Terena
gqn –
Kinikinao &
Guaná
caj –
Chané |
Glottolog |
tere1279 |
ELP | Terena |
Guana (Brazil) [2] |
Terêna or Etelena is spoken by 15,000 Brazilians. The language has a dictionary and written grammar. [3] Many Terena people have low Portuguese proficiency. It is spoken in Mato Grosso do Sul. About 20% are literate in their language, 80% literate in Portuguese.[ citation needed]
Terêna has an active–stative syntax [4] and verb-object-subject as default word order. [5]
Terêna had four varieties: Kinikinao, Terena proper, Guaná, and Chané. These varieties have sometimes been considered to be separate languages. [6] Carvalho (2016) has since demonstrated all four to be the same language. [7] Only Terena proper is still spoken.
Terena originated in the Northwestern Chaco. [8] As a result, many Northern Guaicuruan loanwords can be found in Terena. [9]
There are also many Tupi-Guarani loanwords in Terena and other southern Arawakan languages. [10]
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | ( tʃ) | k | ʔ |
prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | |||
Fricative | voiceless | s | ʃ | h | ||
prenasal | ⁿz | ⁿʒ | ||||
Nasal | m | n | ( ɲ) | |||
Tap | ɾ | |||||
Lateral | l | ( ʎ) | ||||
Approximant | w ~ v | j |
/w, ʃ, n, l/ may often be heard as [v, tʃ, ɲ, ʎ]. [11]
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i ĩ iː | ( ɨ) | u ũ uː |
Mid | e ẽ eː | o õ oː | |
ɛ ɛː | ɔ ɔː | ||
Low | a ã aː |
[ɨ] is heard as an allophone of /i/. [12]
{{
cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)