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Wouldn't a better name for this subject be "The Invasion of Ahmad Gragn"? After all, Gragn did not see this conflict in terms of Adal vs. Ethiopia, but as Moslem vs. Christian. At least the author of the Futuh colors his account of this series of violent events with this mindset, separating his campaigns into the Ethiopian highlands into "The first Jihad", "The second Jihad", etc. -- llywrch 18:54, 11 October 2007 (UTC)
Hi there and thnx for getting involved with the article. I tried to have a discussion on the naming of this conflict on like 4 different pages and got zero feedback. I was gonna go with your title, but opted for this one for two reason
I see your point tho. The war began and ended with Ahmad Gragn. But the Adal (it's a people as well as a sultanate) were the driving force in the fight. They had revolted against Ethiopia before. Ahmad Gran just made them successful.
On another note, 'm glad some1 has access to a book about this conflict cuz my personal library has virtualy nothing on the subject. I went with Abyssinian-Adal War or Ethiopian-Adal War to keep with naming traditions of other conflicts. I think we may need a redirect from the name u suggested tho. In terms of framing the conflict, pretty much all muslim rulers look at conflicts as "Believers" against "Infidels" during this period. That's propaganda 101. They used this terminology even against other muslim states. let me know what u think. hopefully some other folks will get involved and we can have a proper vote (and a proper page, lol) on this subject. Scott Free 20:47, 11 October 2007 (UTC)
Since every1's so interested in the name of this conflict, can we please get some contribs on the ACTUAL WAR? Scott Free 12:28, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
Tena yistilign, I tried to improve the article a bit, I hope it's alright, I'm gonna work on it the next days by incorporating some informations given on the German wikipedia [1] and here [2].-- RasNehemia 19:48, 2 December 2007 (UTC)
Yep, we definately need some references and confirmations for this article. It's all in all very vague and you're hardly able to find anything regarding this war on the Internet.-- RasNehemia 14:53, 3 December 2007 (UTC)
The term Ethiopia was not used in the 15-16th century to refer the land now known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Instead of Ethiopia the land was known as Abbysinia. Runehelmet ( talk) 22:04, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
Is there any deeper insight into the motives for the invasion, there is always some reason beyond religious zeal.-- Inayity ( talk) 17:39, 15 November 2012 (UTC)
Middayexpress ( talk) 19:13, 16 November 2012 (UTC)"Many centuries of trade relations with Arabia began with the establishment of commercial colonies along the coast by the Himmyarite kingdom and these eventually developed into the two small states of Zeila or Adal in the north and Mogadishu in the south, where local dynasties of Somalized Arabs or Arabized Somali ruled. The kingdom of Zeila, centre of the Adal Sultanate, is mentioned under this name first by Al-Yaqubi, then in the second half of the 10th century references occur in al-Istakhri, Ibn Hawqal, and al-Muqaddasi. Later descriptions come from Ibn Said, Maqrizi, and Abu'l-Fida. The Adal Sultanate with its capital Zeila thus appears to date from the 9th or 10th century and its history from its origins is the chronicle of a series of wars with Abyssinia."
Middayexpress ( talk) 17:20, 17 November 2012 (UTC)"Situated in the state of Ifat, Berbera formed part of the Muslim province of Adal, whose amir, or commander, was apparently strong enough to rule Ifat in the fifteenth century. Founded in the ninth or tenth century, Adal frequently served as a refuge for Muslims farther to the south, who sought to flee Abyssinian jurisdiction. Its rulers belonged to the ruling house of Zeila, and the history of the two areas was [sic] often linked. Adal reached its zenith in the fourteenth century, but declined precipitously during the Muslim struggles to conquer Abyssinia in the sixteenth century."
Adal Sultanate occupied Ethiopia for 7 years or so. The emperor was on the run just like he was during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. The article at the moment makes it seem like there was continues war for decades when thats not true. Im not sure how to go about reworking the article yet. Zekenyan ( talk) 10:12, 19 January 2016 (UTC)
They didn't occupy all of Abyssinia.parts of Abyssinia such as Gojjam were not under Adal occupation and men of Gojjam Also formed the Abyssinian cavalry that slaughtered the Adalites at the last battle. Reporter104 ( talk) 13:11, 14 October 2020 (UTC)
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Mogadishu Sultanate ended in the 13th century and the city Mogadishu was Ajuran capital since the 13th century while AbyssinianâAdal war was in the 16th century. You didn't even provide a source but a book with no references at all. â Preceding unsigned comment added by Miledisco ( talk âą contribs) 11:59, 31 March 2018 (UTC)
Muslim Abyssinians also fought for their country the most notable being Ras Eslamu(the muslim) who was governor of Feteger province. However you hear many Ethiopian muslims(even Tigrayan and Amharan muslims)trying to make al-ghazi their hero not knowing that their ancestors fought lifting the green,gold and red. Reporter104 ( talk) 13:18, 14 October 2020 (UTC)
User:Ayaltimo the source you're using is a wikipedia mirror [5], you've edit warred with multiple people on multiple pages even breaking 3rr so im going to have to report you. Magherbin ( talk) 03:02, 8 December 2020 (UTC)
The medieval Ethiopia went through many phase eventually becoming the "Rastafarian Movement"; their "Adal" adversaries went through many phase becoming the "Dervish Movement", which was most likely manned by ethnic "Afar" warriors. 137.59.221.36 ( talk) 20:19, 3 December 2021 (UTC)
This war caused the Ethiopia aristocrat mainly a Christian people to move northwards.
There are strategic depictions of the battles available for further pages.
Medieval Ethiopia nearly survived that conflict with the Adal. 137.59.221.36 ( talk) 20:47, 3 December 2021 (UTC)
Adal Sultanate existed in what we now call "Somaliland".
It seems Somaliland was a major adversary to Ethiopia. 137.59.221.36 ( talk) 15:41, 5 December 2021 (UTC)
"Adal Sultanate" that originated in Somaliland became the adversary to Ethiopia.
Today "Ethiopia" is considered as a country, while "Somaliland" a pariah and a "failed state".
For some reasons the warriors of "Adal Sultanate" (originating from Somaliland) seem to have a strategic advantage over Ethiopia.
Ancient manuscripts indicate a major conflict where two different civilization are at clash. 137.59.221.36 ( talk) 15:48, 5 December 2021 (UTC)
Medieval "Ethiopia" ancient rivals came from "Somaliland" which we consider to be a runaway part of "Somalia proper".
Adal Sultanate was based in "Somaliland". 137.59.221.36 ( talk) 15:50, 5 December 2021 (UTC)
The way i see that the Ottomans werent diectly involved in this campaign, they only supplied the Adal sultanate with their weapons and with some mercenaries. I think we must change their involment by chancing their position like Funj Sultanate(Supported by section). â Preceding unsigned comment added by Nazmi32 ( talk âą contribs) 07:54, 15 March 2022 (UTC)
Would the current flag chosen to represent the Ottoman empire and their Arab vassals be historically accurate to the time period and region this event occurred in? The files are labeled with the flags having been from the 16th century, and it's likely the Ottomans deployed a number of flags, but confirmation is needed. â Preceding unsigned comment added by BeteAmora ( talk âą contribs) 05:17, 27 May 2022 (UTC)
The conflict between the Christian Solomonic Ethiopian Empire and the neighboring Adal Sultanate is known to have been rooted in the conflict between Abyssinia and the earlier Ifat sultanate. That is to say, it was not sparked by the invasion of Hadiya by Zara Yaqob and his marriage to the princess, Eleni. Neither was it caused by Dawit II's earlier defeat of Mafhuz and sack of Zeila. Amde Seyons conflict with Ifat culminated in the conquest of Zeila and exile of the Walashma Dynasty to Yemen after their defeat by either Dawit I or Yishaq I, after which they would found the Adal Sultanate and continue the war of their predecessors. This is both well known and historically accurate information, and without knowledge of it you can not properly understand theater conflict between Adal and Abyssinia. â Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:280:CB02:100C:3860:2069:DE2B:3B04 ( talk) 16:52, 7 June 2022 (UTC)
The Ethiopian state was briefly annexed by Adal Sultanate however the article appears to make it seem like it was a border conflict. Another article or rewriting this might be needed. Magherbin ( talk) 12:05, 8 October 2022 (UTC)
User:Lostglowlight982, you reverted with no explanation at all, its well known the Oromo invaded Adal they were not part of the Adal army nor allies of Adal until perhaps after this war. One of the sources is published by lulu.com which is not reliable its self published, the second source states some defeated oromo fought with Adal, which is possible it happens in wars, it doesnt mean they were Adalites. Warra Sheikh were not originally Oromo hence this isnt a good example. Provide more references indicating that Oromo fought on both sides and we can include it somewhere in the article however including Oromo as "Adal forces" is inaccurate, Oromo involvement is a fringe theory in my books. If you cant provide references, I would like for you to self revert thanks. Magherbin ( talk) 21:16, 21 December 2022 (UTC)
As you advised I read both the oromo migration article and the source which you provided. Now the Oromo migration which was mainly recorded by a Ethiopian scholar Bahrey. According to Mohammed Hassen most of the later (16th century) migrations were led by the Borona Oromo [1] also another source which also records Oromos fighting in the army of adal please read [8] page 122 I hope this is enough to resolve.
Even though I provide valid sourcers you still claim that it's a "fringe theorie" and bring up irrelevant stuff such as Mohammed hassens other books. What has been written has been written and you try to change that by just claiming it's some random "fringe theory" it seems your not willing to agree at all even I provided you sourcers. Please stop being disruptive, and deleting sourcered content none of your sourcers claim that the Oromo didnt participate in the war they just don't mention them. So you are literally making a own claim, please seek consensus before you revert my edits. Lostglowlight982 ( Lostglowlight982 User talk) User:Magherbin
Your point doesn't make any literal sense I've provided you a valid source, no source actually claims the Oromo didnt accept Islam during the life time Abadir but doesn't mention them.Since u fail to get my point I will just provide you even more sourcers about the Oromo in Hararghe before the 16th century, and the Oromo involvement in the Adal War.
Several historians point out that the Oromo were involved in the Adal War See Ujula Tesso Benti (2018) notes the Jihad of Ahmed Gragn had heavily influenced the Oromo religiously and culturally, he directly points out that the Oromo had fought on both the imams armies, and the Christian armies. Some sourcers even claim that the Imam him self was actually a Oromo [13]. Mohammed Hassen (2015) points out other evidence of Oromo soldiers in the army of both kingdoms, and presents evidence of Oromo place names in Ethiopia, Oromo place names such as El Ejju (Al Yejju translates to the Yejju which is a Oromo tribe)in Northern Ethiopia are mentioned in the Futuh Al habasha. David Brokensha, Paul Trevor Williams (1994) also clearly note strong evidence which also backs this "fringe thoerie" to conclude Phillip Briggs (2018) also notes that the Saho, and Oromo had struggled against the Christian armies during the Jihad of Ahmed gragn.
You constantly bring up the Oromo migration which you assume was a migration led by the enterity of the Oromo in the 16th century, there are several mentions of Oromos in Ethiopia before the 16th century the first being over a millennium ago when Menelik I the son of Solomon/Sulleiman came to Ethiopia, the chronicle notes thatwhen he had entered he had entered through the territory of the Azebo. and Raya Gallas which now inhabit the Tigray region. Paulitschke (1889) gathered evidence which indicates the Oromo population in Aksum. Perham notes thT the Semetic speaking groups namely the Hareri,Amhara,Tigre,Argobba,Gurage,and Silte had migrated to the Horn Africa which at the time was "inhabited by the eastern groups of Hamites including the Galla". Several other sourcers also note Oromo presence in the whole of Ethiopia for more I advise you visit [14] Also see [15] for more information about Oromo groups before the 16th century.
â Preceding unsigned comment added by Lostglowlight982 ( talk âą contribs) 14:09, 12 January 2023 (UTC)
Ujulu never points out that his views aren't mainstream and proceeds, if several sourcers aren't enough for you what is, the FUTUH al Habasha literally records Oromos already in Dawaro. If you are going to talk about the Oromo migration please study on it, Bahrey mentions the Barentus already being north, and attacking the north which probably suggest that they were already in north, you've got them mixed up with the Borana who started their "Migration" after the Barentu Mohammed Hassen literally writes a whole chapter on "Why was the Borona Oromo population Movement slow to start" clearly stating that Barentus had moved up north before the Borona, the Kingdom of Waj was also linked to the Waji Arusi Barento Oromo the traditional inhabitants please read the book for more information. Brakumper even states that the Panigal Oromo were living in Bale, when Sheikh Husseyn a "Somali" saint arrived to preach islam. You fail to actually debunk this evidence, and just claim there all fringe theories. After you claim its a "fringe thoerie" you literally gave me a Britannica link to look at which isn't a valid source, it is just as if you've used Wikipedia as a source. Darrell Bates, and Asafa Jalata, and the Oromo say that the Oromo migration was neither a expansion or migration, they claim that it was a re Conquest of them recovering their land, whilst some oromos don't even record this ever happening. The Oromo migration of the 16th century is possibly not true the Oromos never documented or claimed this was true, According to some Oromos this was done to destroy their history, and there moral several Ethiopian court historians state that the Oromo, had emerged from water in south Africa and moved north, some even state they came from Asia and entered through Mombassa, others state that Oromos are a Gurage clan see Burton. Also about the "Somalis invading Oromo territory" it is because the Darod have a maternal Somali lineage but there ancient founder was actually from the Banu Hashim, and he arrived in the Somali peninsula in the 10th century. His clan also assimilated several Oromo clans the Gerhi see Brakumper, and the Reer Hingiinle See I.M Lewis Wardig see Richard Burton just to name a few. as for Dir who are regarded as the "Most ancient Somali Clan stock" The book literally mentions there presence but also describes how they invaded north taking control of the north eastern coastline and that they made a oromo a minority, there is a clear evidence of oromo presence in Somalia, and Somaliland before the Somali people hence the place names Hargeisa/Hargaysa name of above since the place was so hot and that was found everywhere, Berbera/Berbere type of Chilly, Tog Wajaale/Wajjaale (Jaalre) to build GaalKahyo which literally means Gaal get up in both Oromo, and Somali this is just to name a few. As for the Oromo presence before the Amhara did you not read the link Menelik I Chronicle literally debunks your claim as the Raya's and Azebos were already living there,it is also well known that Semites are not indigenous to the Horn of Africa, and came later which is fully documented in history. As for the assimilation claim this is possible and it is practised everywhere in the Horn of Africa, same as how the Somali assimilated the Harla which is found in there clan names e.g Issa Reer Harla, or a town near Dire Dawa which I visited a few years back the Ganda Harla which I was surprised to have found a Adare (Harari) local since the town was surrounded by oromos and mountains. Also for more information I strongly suggest for you to read Mohammed Hassen. Any who Cheers. Lostglowlight982 ( talk)
Hello User:Magherbin I hope your doing well, as for this mini dispute we've had I'd like to conclude by this
I never actually claimed that the Oromo migration never happened and said that it may likely be false, the historians at the time such Bahrey described this as a expansion, and Conquest whilst other historians interpreted this as a re Conquest, and re establishment of the land we now know of as Oromia (Asafa Jalata 2020). Now if the Oromo expansion started in Southern Ethiopia or possibly south of Ethiopia it doesnt make sense to me of there being mentions of the name Galla/Oromo across Ethiopia before the 16th century. Now responding to your earlier claim about the Oromo only becoming Muslims after the 16th century, and that I only provided one source which was not satisfactory so another one [18] this source states that the chronicle text of Shaykh Abadir mentions the Nole Oromo Argobba Somali, and Ala oromo, and the previous one [19] which also mentions that Abadir had ruled the same peoples under his religious teachings. Brakumper along with others mentions Aw Seid a contemporary of the Shaykh who preached Islam to the western harar oromos, and that Abadirs sons had preached in the territory of the Jarso and Nole, he directly points out the Oromo often called, and said the sons of Abadir Ali take away misfortune, if the oromo were already calling him names at the time it indicates that they were there. [20], for information about Islam in Gelemso see the Gelemso article which has alot of sourced content about Islam in the 13th century. Brakumper also mentions That Sheikh Husseyn of Bale preached Islam to the Panigal Oromo.
Now as I have shown above some Oromos were already Muslims before the 16th century, and some became Muslim in during the early 16th century [21] Before the reign of the Imams nephew Nur ibn Mujahid which debunks your claim that the Oromo became Muslim after the 16th century, and also supports my claim of Muslim Oromo contact with the Adal kingdom during the Jihad of Ahmed gragn. Now you claim that the Oromo never actually joined arms anyone in this war even though I provided reliable sourcers such as Mohammed Hassen, and others but you claim the sourcers don't directly say this so I will provide you more reliable sourcers. Alexander Bulatovich a historian, and explorer notes this:
Ahmed gragn was born close Harar and was an Oromo... he was cheif of the whole Mohammeddan population including Adal and Somalis and they for certainly helped him in his campaigns but the main part of his armies consisted of the Oromo. [2]
this source directly claims that the Oromo were fighting in the army of Adal, and Ahmed gragn.
Abdul Kader Saleh Muhammed also notes:
According to oral tales the Saho were affiliated to the Afar kingdom of Adal and struggled against the Christian expansion, and denomination in the horn of Africa together with ther Somali, and Oromo warriors. [3]
The source indicates that the Oromo along with the saho who were affiliated with the Adal kingdom, and Somalis had struggled against the Christians (Jihad).
Edward paice writes the following:
foreign powers for the good of Abyssinia, but invoking the enduring horrific memories of its abasement at the hands of the Muslim Oromo hordes of Ahmed gragn four centuries earlier [22]...
Pietro Gerardo Jansen notes the following:
Ahmed Gragn succumbed in a new battle waged against the troops of the Abyssinian king Galaudenos. ... mainly due to pressure from the semi-wild Galla tribes who had fought in Gragn's retinue. [23]
The source above directly points out the Oromo had fought in the armies of Imam Ahmed "semi-wild Galla tribes who had fought in Gragn's retinue".
In conclusion I personally think my edits should be restored but if your opinions still differ somehow we could get a 3rd opinion by a user who has heard both parties and views this discussion, and one that is neatrueal, and not biased. or we could add "it is disputed if the Oromo did or did not join the forcers of Adal". I hope this could resolve this, and please respond to the content I have provided today
â Preceding unsigned comment added by Lostglowlight982 ( talk âą contribs) 11:13, 15 January 2023 (UTC)
References
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Harari Peoples are not mentioned a single time in the Futuh al Habash. Nor are Agrobba while Afar are only mentioned in passing when the Imams army encamps in their region. Somalis are the most prominent group (mentioned most by a wide margin), with Harla also mentioned. Also where does the idea that Harari people (who are never mentioned in the chronicle) made up the ruling class come from? There is no historical evidence to back this up aside from author conjecture and speculation. Harari people don't even claim descent from Harla peoples. Meanwhile Harla claim descent from Sheikh Darod according to themselves, heres the source: http://www.islhornafr.eu/ReportAwsa2017.pdf
If anyone can explain why Harari are constanly mentioned in articles relating to Adal or Walashma that would be appreciated. TriSolar ( talk) 01:07, 3 May 2023 (UTC)
The Adalite invasion of Ethiopia was purely a religious war it was not an ethnic war, I understand that those groups listed played an important role and all (some more then others) but adding them in the main body paragraph could give readers the wrong idea about this conflict. Also if you're going to list all of the ethnic groups who participated in this war then you might aswell go the full way too, because Futuh al-Habesh mentions a group of Moroccans who fought for the Imam, also Jewish Ethiopians who sided with the Muslims against the Christians when they reach Begemeder, there was also pagans from Damot and Gafat who sided with the Ethiopians and were mentioned as fighting against the Adalites, there's also some sources floating around of Oromos partaking in this war aswell. It also should be mentioned that a significant number of Abyssinians converted to Islam and joined the Imam's forces. Also Arab Faqih mentions a number of Arabs who converted to Christianity and joined the Ethiopians at the seige of Amba Gashen, etc these are just the top of my head, the number of ethnic groups who fought in this war is countless so it doesn't make sense to add every ethnic group who fought in this war in the main body of the article. Ù Ű۱۱ ۧÙŰšÙÙ ( talk) 18:47, 9 May 2023 (UTC)
User:MyrhaanWarrior, can you stop introducing original research into the article? [34] The addition of unverified fringe source isnt appropriate regarding the addition of the battle of Shimbra Kure by Nezeranni. Nezeranni doesnt even mention Harari people that was just your own orignal research analysis and used his work as a citation. There's countless sources indicating Somalis fled the battle including even Mohammed Hinika's reference. You've also removed content related to Afar and Harari. Page 179 in Mohammed Hassen's review doesnt even mention Nur let alone that he participated in the Battle of Shimbra Kure. Another original research content stating Sultan of Adal was killed by Garad Tedros needs to be removed. In the Aftermath section you've replaced Harari people with Somali people when the reference makes no mention of Somalis. I'm not going to respond to the ridiculous claim of yours [35] that Harari people are not an ethnic group, I suggest taking a look at their respective wikipedia page. Magherbin ( talk) 00:11, 3 January 2024 (UTC)
Mind telling me what page in "Wars in the Horn of Africa and the dismantling of the Somali State" supports your latest revisions in the strength infobox ??? @ Ezra Ben Yosef @ Reunion Yubudirsi ( talk) 20:41, 9 April 2024 (UTC)
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Wouldn't a better name for this subject be "The Invasion of Ahmad Gragn"? After all, Gragn did not see this conflict in terms of Adal vs. Ethiopia, but as Moslem vs. Christian. At least the author of the Futuh colors his account of this series of violent events with this mindset, separating his campaigns into the Ethiopian highlands into "The first Jihad", "The second Jihad", etc. -- llywrch 18:54, 11 October 2007 (UTC)
Hi there and thnx for getting involved with the article. I tried to have a discussion on the naming of this conflict on like 4 different pages and got zero feedback. I was gonna go with your title, but opted for this one for two reason
I see your point tho. The war began and ended with Ahmad Gragn. But the Adal (it's a people as well as a sultanate) were the driving force in the fight. They had revolted against Ethiopia before. Ahmad Gran just made them successful.
On another note, 'm glad some1 has access to a book about this conflict cuz my personal library has virtualy nothing on the subject. I went with Abyssinian-Adal War or Ethiopian-Adal War to keep with naming traditions of other conflicts. I think we may need a redirect from the name u suggested tho. In terms of framing the conflict, pretty much all muslim rulers look at conflicts as "Believers" against "Infidels" during this period. That's propaganda 101. They used this terminology even against other muslim states. let me know what u think. hopefully some other folks will get involved and we can have a proper vote (and a proper page, lol) on this subject. Scott Free 20:47, 11 October 2007 (UTC)
Since every1's so interested in the name of this conflict, can we please get some contribs on the ACTUAL WAR? Scott Free 12:28, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
Tena yistilign, I tried to improve the article a bit, I hope it's alright, I'm gonna work on it the next days by incorporating some informations given on the German wikipedia [1] and here [2].-- RasNehemia 19:48, 2 December 2007 (UTC)
Yep, we definately need some references and confirmations for this article. It's all in all very vague and you're hardly able to find anything regarding this war on the Internet.-- RasNehemia 14:53, 3 December 2007 (UTC)
The term Ethiopia was not used in the 15-16th century to refer the land now known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Instead of Ethiopia the land was known as Abbysinia. Runehelmet ( talk) 22:04, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
Is there any deeper insight into the motives for the invasion, there is always some reason beyond religious zeal.-- Inayity ( talk) 17:39, 15 November 2012 (UTC)
Middayexpress ( talk) 19:13, 16 November 2012 (UTC)"Many centuries of trade relations with Arabia began with the establishment of commercial colonies along the coast by the Himmyarite kingdom and these eventually developed into the two small states of Zeila or Adal in the north and Mogadishu in the south, where local dynasties of Somalized Arabs or Arabized Somali ruled. The kingdom of Zeila, centre of the Adal Sultanate, is mentioned under this name first by Al-Yaqubi, then in the second half of the 10th century references occur in al-Istakhri, Ibn Hawqal, and al-Muqaddasi. Later descriptions come from Ibn Said, Maqrizi, and Abu'l-Fida. The Adal Sultanate with its capital Zeila thus appears to date from the 9th or 10th century and its history from its origins is the chronicle of a series of wars with Abyssinia."
Middayexpress ( talk) 17:20, 17 November 2012 (UTC)"Situated in the state of Ifat, Berbera formed part of the Muslim province of Adal, whose amir, or commander, was apparently strong enough to rule Ifat in the fifteenth century. Founded in the ninth or tenth century, Adal frequently served as a refuge for Muslims farther to the south, who sought to flee Abyssinian jurisdiction. Its rulers belonged to the ruling house of Zeila, and the history of the two areas was [sic] often linked. Adal reached its zenith in the fourteenth century, but declined precipitously during the Muslim struggles to conquer Abyssinia in the sixteenth century."
Adal Sultanate occupied Ethiopia for 7 years or so. The emperor was on the run just like he was during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. The article at the moment makes it seem like there was continues war for decades when thats not true. Im not sure how to go about reworking the article yet. Zekenyan ( talk) 10:12, 19 January 2016 (UTC)
They didn't occupy all of Abyssinia.parts of Abyssinia such as Gojjam were not under Adal occupation and men of Gojjam Also formed the Abyssinian cavalry that slaughtered the Adalites at the last battle. Reporter104 ( talk) 13:11, 14 October 2020 (UTC)
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Mogadishu Sultanate ended in the 13th century and the city Mogadishu was Ajuran capital since the 13th century while AbyssinianâAdal war was in the 16th century. You didn't even provide a source but a book with no references at all. â Preceding unsigned comment added by Miledisco ( talk âą contribs) 11:59, 31 March 2018 (UTC)
Muslim Abyssinians also fought for their country the most notable being Ras Eslamu(the muslim) who was governor of Feteger province. However you hear many Ethiopian muslims(even Tigrayan and Amharan muslims)trying to make al-ghazi their hero not knowing that their ancestors fought lifting the green,gold and red. Reporter104 ( talk) 13:18, 14 October 2020 (UTC)
User:Ayaltimo the source you're using is a wikipedia mirror [5], you've edit warred with multiple people on multiple pages even breaking 3rr so im going to have to report you. Magherbin ( talk) 03:02, 8 December 2020 (UTC)
The medieval Ethiopia went through many phase eventually becoming the "Rastafarian Movement"; their "Adal" adversaries went through many phase becoming the "Dervish Movement", which was most likely manned by ethnic "Afar" warriors. 137.59.221.36 ( talk) 20:19, 3 December 2021 (UTC)
This war caused the Ethiopia aristocrat mainly a Christian people to move northwards.
There are strategic depictions of the battles available for further pages.
Medieval Ethiopia nearly survived that conflict with the Adal. 137.59.221.36 ( talk) 20:47, 3 December 2021 (UTC)
Adal Sultanate existed in what we now call "Somaliland".
It seems Somaliland was a major adversary to Ethiopia. 137.59.221.36 ( talk) 15:41, 5 December 2021 (UTC)
"Adal Sultanate" that originated in Somaliland became the adversary to Ethiopia.
Today "Ethiopia" is considered as a country, while "Somaliland" a pariah and a "failed state".
For some reasons the warriors of "Adal Sultanate" (originating from Somaliland) seem to have a strategic advantage over Ethiopia.
Ancient manuscripts indicate a major conflict where two different civilization are at clash. 137.59.221.36 ( talk) 15:48, 5 December 2021 (UTC)
Medieval "Ethiopia" ancient rivals came from "Somaliland" which we consider to be a runaway part of "Somalia proper".
Adal Sultanate was based in "Somaliland". 137.59.221.36 ( talk) 15:50, 5 December 2021 (UTC)
The way i see that the Ottomans werent diectly involved in this campaign, they only supplied the Adal sultanate with their weapons and with some mercenaries. I think we must change their involment by chancing their position like Funj Sultanate(Supported by section). â Preceding unsigned comment added by Nazmi32 ( talk âą contribs) 07:54, 15 March 2022 (UTC)
Would the current flag chosen to represent the Ottoman empire and their Arab vassals be historically accurate to the time period and region this event occurred in? The files are labeled with the flags having been from the 16th century, and it's likely the Ottomans deployed a number of flags, but confirmation is needed. â Preceding unsigned comment added by BeteAmora ( talk âą contribs) 05:17, 27 May 2022 (UTC)
The conflict between the Christian Solomonic Ethiopian Empire and the neighboring Adal Sultanate is known to have been rooted in the conflict between Abyssinia and the earlier Ifat sultanate. That is to say, it was not sparked by the invasion of Hadiya by Zara Yaqob and his marriage to the princess, Eleni. Neither was it caused by Dawit II's earlier defeat of Mafhuz and sack of Zeila. Amde Seyons conflict with Ifat culminated in the conquest of Zeila and exile of the Walashma Dynasty to Yemen after their defeat by either Dawit I or Yishaq I, after which they would found the Adal Sultanate and continue the war of their predecessors. This is both well known and historically accurate information, and without knowledge of it you can not properly understand theater conflict between Adal and Abyssinia. â Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:280:CB02:100C:3860:2069:DE2B:3B04 ( talk) 16:52, 7 June 2022 (UTC)
The Ethiopian state was briefly annexed by Adal Sultanate however the article appears to make it seem like it was a border conflict. Another article or rewriting this might be needed. Magherbin ( talk) 12:05, 8 October 2022 (UTC)
User:Lostglowlight982, you reverted with no explanation at all, its well known the Oromo invaded Adal they were not part of the Adal army nor allies of Adal until perhaps after this war. One of the sources is published by lulu.com which is not reliable its self published, the second source states some defeated oromo fought with Adal, which is possible it happens in wars, it doesnt mean they were Adalites. Warra Sheikh were not originally Oromo hence this isnt a good example. Provide more references indicating that Oromo fought on both sides and we can include it somewhere in the article however including Oromo as "Adal forces" is inaccurate, Oromo involvement is a fringe theory in my books. If you cant provide references, I would like for you to self revert thanks. Magherbin ( talk) 21:16, 21 December 2022 (UTC)
As you advised I read both the oromo migration article and the source which you provided. Now the Oromo migration which was mainly recorded by a Ethiopian scholar Bahrey. According to Mohammed Hassen most of the later (16th century) migrations were led by the Borona Oromo [1] also another source which also records Oromos fighting in the army of adal please read [8] page 122 I hope this is enough to resolve.
Even though I provide valid sourcers you still claim that it's a "fringe theorie" and bring up irrelevant stuff such as Mohammed hassens other books. What has been written has been written and you try to change that by just claiming it's some random "fringe theory" it seems your not willing to agree at all even I provided you sourcers. Please stop being disruptive, and deleting sourcered content none of your sourcers claim that the Oromo didnt participate in the war they just don't mention them. So you are literally making a own claim, please seek consensus before you revert my edits. Lostglowlight982 ( Lostglowlight982 User talk) User:Magherbin
Your point doesn't make any literal sense I've provided you a valid source, no source actually claims the Oromo didnt accept Islam during the life time Abadir but doesn't mention them.Since u fail to get my point I will just provide you even more sourcers about the Oromo in Hararghe before the 16th century, and the Oromo involvement in the Adal War.
Several historians point out that the Oromo were involved in the Adal War See Ujula Tesso Benti (2018) notes the Jihad of Ahmed Gragn had heavily influenced the Oromo religiously and culturally, he directly points out that the Oromo had fought on both the imams armies, and the Christian armies. Some sourcers even claim that the Imam him self was actually a Oromo [13]. Mohammed Hassen (2015) points out other evidence of Oromo soldiers in the army of both kingdoms, and presents evidence of Oromo place names in Ethiopia, Oromo place names such as El Ejju (Al Yejju translates to the Yejju which is a Oromo tribe)in Northern Ethiopia are mentioned in the Futuh Al habasha. David Brokensha, Paul Trevor Williams (1994) also clearly note strong evidence which also backs this "fringe thoerie" to conclude Phillip Briggs (2018) also notes that the Saho, and Oromo had struggled against the Christian armies during the Jihad of Ahmed gragn.
You constantly bring up the Oromo migration which you assume was a migration led by the enterity of the Oromo in the 16th century, there are several mentions of Oromos in Ethiopia before the 16th century the first being over a millennium ago when Menelik I the son of Solomon/Sulleiman came to Ethiopia, the chronicle notes thatwhen he had entered he had entered through the territory of the Azebo. and Raya Gallas which now inhabit the Tigray region. Paulitschke (1889) gathered evidence which indicates the Oromo population in Aksum. Perham notes thT the Semetic speaking groups namely the Hareri,Amhara,Tigre,Argobba,Gurage,and Silte had migrated to the Horn Africa which at the time was "inhabited by the eastern groups of Hamites including the Galla". Several other sourcers also note Oromo presence in the whole of Ethiopia for more I advise you visit [14] Also see [15] for more information about Oromo groups before the 16th century.
â Preceding unsigned comment added by Lostglowlight982 ( talk âą contribs) 14:09, 12 January 2023 (UTC)
Ujulu never points out that his views aren't mainstream and proceeds, if several sourcers aren't enough for you what is, the FUTUH al Habasha literally records Oromos already in Dawaro. If you are going to talk about the Oromo migration please study on it, Bahrey mentions the Barentus already being north, and attacking the north which probably suggest that they were already in north, you've got them mixed up with the Borana who started their "Migration" after the Barentu Mohammed Hassen literally writes a whole chapter on "Why was the Borona Oromo population Movement slow to start" clearly stating that Barentus had moved up north before the Borona, the Kingdom of Waj was also linked to the Waji Arusi Barento Oromo the traditional inhabitants please read the book for more information. Brakumper even states that the Panigal Oromo were living in Bale, when Sheikh Husseyn a "Somali" saint arrived to preach islam. You fail to actually debunk this evidence, and just claim there all fringe theories. After you claim its a "fringe thoerie" you literally gave me a Britannica link to look at which isn't a valid source, it is just as if you've used Wikipedia as a source. Darrell Bates, and Asafa Jalata, and the Oromo say that the Oromo migration was neither a expansion or migration, they claim that it was a re Conquest of them recovering their land, whilst some oromos don't even record this ever happening. The Oromo migration of the 16th century is possibly not true the Oromos never documented or claimed this was true, According to some Oromos this was done to destroy their history, and there moral several Ethiopian court historians state that the Oromo, had emerged from water in south Africa and moved north, some even state they came from Asia and entered through Mombassa, others state that Oromos are a Gurage clan see Burton. Also about the "Somalis invading Oromo territory" it is because the Darod have a maternal Somali lineage but there ancient founder was actually from the Banu Hashim, and he arrived in the Somali peninsula in the 10th century. His clan also assimilated several Oromo clans the Gerhi see Brakumper, and the Reer Hingiinle See I.M Lewis Wardig see Richard Burton just to name a few. as for Dir who are regarded as the "Most ancient Somali Clan stock" The book literally mentions there presence but also describes how they invaded north taking control of the north eastern coastline and that they made a oromo a minority, there is a clear evidence of oromo presence in Somalia, and Somaliland before the Somali people hence the place names Hargeisa/Hargaysa name of above since the place was so hot and that was found everywhere, Berbera/Berbere type of Chilly, Tog Wajaale/Wajjaale (Jaalre) to build GaalKahyo which literally means Gaal get up in both Oromo, and Somali this is just to name a few. As for the Oromo presence before the Amhara did you not read the link Menelik I Chronicle literally debunks your claim as the Raya's and Azebos were already living there,it is also well known that Semites are not indigenous to the Horn of Africa, and came later which is fully documented in history. As for the assimilation claim this is possible and it is practised everywhere in the Horn of Africa, same as how the Somali assimilated the Harla which is found in there clan names e.g Issa Reer Harla, or a town near Dire Dawa which I visited a few years back the Ganda Harla which I was surprised to have found a Adare (Harari) local since the town was surrounded by oromos and mountains. Also for more information I strongly suggest for you to read Mohammed Hassen. Any who Cheers. Lostglowlight982 ( talk)
Hello User:Magherbin I hope your doing well, as for this mini dispute we've had I'd like to conclude by this
I never actually claimed that the Oromo migration never happened and said that it may likely be false, the historians at the time such Bahrey described this as a expansion, and Conquest whilst other historians interpreted this as a re Conquest, and re establishment of the land we now know of as Oromia (Asafa Jalata 2020). Now if the Oromo expansion started in Southern Ethiopia or possibly south of Ethiopia it doesnt make sense to me of there being mentions of the name Galla/Oromo across Ethiopia before the 16th century. Now responding to your earlier claim about the Oromo only becoming Muslims after the 16th century, and that I only provided one source which was not satisfactory so another one [18] this source states that the chronicle text of Shaykh Abadir mentions the Nole Oromo Argobba Somali, and Ala oromo, and the previous one [19] which also mentions that Abadir had ruled the same peoples under his religious teachings. Brakumper along with others mentions Aw Seid a contemporary of the Shaykh who preached Islam to the western harar oromos, and that Abadirs sons had preached in the territory of the Jarso and Nole, he directly points out the Oromo often called, and said the sons of Abadir Ali take away misfortune, if the oromo were already calling him names at the time it indicates that they were there. [20], for information about Islam in Gelemso see the Gelemso article which has alot of sourced content about Islam in the 13th century. Brakumper also mentions That Sheikh Husseyn of Bale preached Islam to the Panigal Oromo.
Now as I have shown above some Oromos were already Muslims before the 16th century, and some became Muslim in during the early 16th century [21] Before the reign of the Imams nephew Nur ibn Mujahid which debunks your claim that the Oromo became Muslim after the 16th century, and also supports my claim of Muslim Oromo contact with the Adal kingdom during the Jihad of Ahmed gragn. Now you claim that the Oromo never actually joined arms anyone in this war even though I provided reliable sourcers such as Mohammed Hassen, and others but you claim the sourcers don't directly say this so I will provide you more reliable sourcers. Alexander Bulatovich a historian, and explorer notes this:
Ahmed gragn was born close Harar and was an Oromo... he was cheif of the whole Mohammeddan population including Adal and Somalis and they for certainly helped him in his campaigns but the main part of his armies consisted of the Oromo. [2]
this source directly claims that the Oromo were fighting in the army of Adal, and Ahmed gragn.
Abdul Kader Saleh Muhammed also notes:
According to oral tales the Saho were affiliated to the Afar kingdom of Adal and struggled against the Christian expansion, and denomination in the horn of Africa together with ther Somali, and Oromo warriors. [3]
The source indicates that the Oromo along with the saho who were affiliated with the Adal kingdom, and Somalis had struggled against the Christians (Jihad).
Edward paice writes the following:
foreign powers for the good of Abyssinia, but invoking the enduring horrific memories of its abasement at the hands of the Muslim Oromo hordes of Ahmed gragn four centuries earlier [22]...
Pietro Gerardo Jansen notes the following:
Ahmed Gragn succumbed in a new battle waged against the troops of the Abyssinian king Galaudenos. ... mainly due to pressure from the semi-wild Galla tribes who had fought in Gragn's retinue. [23]
The source above directly points out the Oromo had fought in the armies of Imam Ahmed "semi-wild Galla tribes who had fought in Gragn's retinue".
In conclusion I personally think my edits should be restored but if your opinions still differ somehow we could get a 3rd opinion by a user who has heard both parties and views this discussion, and one that is neatrueal, and not biased. or we could add "it is disputed if the Oromo did or did not join the forcers of Adal". I hope this could resolve this, and please respond to the content I have provided today
â Preceding unsigned comment added by Lostglowlight982 ( talk âą contribs) 11:13, 15 January 2023 (UTC)
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Harari Peoples are not mentioned a single time in the Futuh al Habash. Nor are Agrobba while Afar are only mentioned in passing when the Imams army encamps in their region. Somalis are the most prominent group (mentioned most by a wide margin), with Harla also mentioned. Also where does the idea that Harari people (who are never mentioned in the chronicle) made up the ruling class come from? There is no historical evidence to back this up aside from author conjecture and speculation. Harari people don't even claim descent from Harla peoples. Meanwhile Harla claim descent from Sheikh Darod according to themselves, heres the source: http://www.islhornafr.eu/ReportAwsa2017.pdf
If anyone can explain why Harari are constanly mentioned in articles relating to Adal or Walashma that would be appreciated. TriSolar ( talk) 01:07, 3 May 2023 (UTC)
The Adalite invasion of Ethiopia was purely a religious war it was not an ethnic war, I understand that those groups listed played an important role and all (some more then others) but adding them in the main body paragraph could give readers the wrong idea about this conflict. Also if you're going to list all of the ethnic groups who participated in this war then you might aswell go the full way too, because Futuh al-Habesh mentions a group of Moroccans who fought for the Imam, also Jewish Ethiopians who sided with the Muslims against the Christians when they reach Begemeder, there was also pagans from Damot and Gafat who sided with the Ethiopians and were mentioned as fighting against the Adalites, there's also some sources floating around of Oromos partaking in this war aswell. It also should be mentioned that a significant number of Abyssinians converted to Islam and joined the Imam's forces. Also Arab Faqih mentions a number of Arabs who converted to Christianity and joined the Ethiopians at the seige of Amba Gashen, etc these are just the top of my head, the number of ethnic groups who fought in this war is countless so it doesn't make sense to add every ethnic group who fought in this war in the main body of the article. Ù Ű۱۱ ۧÙŰšÙÙ ( talk) 18:47, 9 May 2023 (UTC)
User:MyrhaanWarrior, can you stop introducing original research into the article? [34] The addition of unverified fringe source isnt appropriate regarding the addition of the battle of Shimbra Kure by Nezeranni. Nezeranni doesnt even mention Harari people that was just your own orignal research analysis and used his work as a citation. There's countless sources indicating Somalis fled the battle including even Mohammed Hinika's reference. You've also removed content related to Afar and Harari. Page 179 in Mohammed Hassen's review doesnt even mention Nur let alone that he participated in the Battle of Shimbra Kure. Another original research content stating Sultan of Adal was killed by Garad Tedros needs to be removed. In the Aftermath section you've replaced Harari people with Somali people when the reference makes no mention of Somalis. I'm not going to respond to the ridiculous claim of yours [35] that Harari people are not an ethnic group, I suggest taking a look at their respective wikipedia page. Magherbin ( talk) 00:11, 3 January 2024 (UTC)
Mind telling me what page in "Wars in the Horn of Africa and the dismantling of the Somali State" supports your latest revisions in the strength infobox ??? @ Ezra Ben Yosef @ Reunion Yubudirsi ( talk) 20:41, 9 April 2024 (UTC)