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As a result of the Act of Settlement, several members of the British Royal Family who have converted to Roman Catholicism or married Catholics have been barred from their place in the line of succession. These cases are a major part of the potential interest for non-historians. Wetman 20:50, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)
Such decisions are made by the Prime Minister, whose own religion (if any) may be in conflict with the Church of England. This situation is rendered possible because, on the one hand, religious tests have never applied to public offices such as the Prime Minister (and under contemporary anti-discrimination laws it would be illegal to do so), while on the other hand, such a religious test not only is but must be applied to the monarch.
I was under the impression that the Appointments Secretary who advises the Prime Minister on appointments of bishops and the like must be an Anglican, and that the Catholic Relief Act specifically forbids a Catholic from advising the monarch as to appointments within the CofE. Also the Queen is immune from prosecution and the appointment of a prime minister is one of the royal prerogatives which the courts historically have held to be outside the scope of judicial revieq. The Queen could refuse (in theory) to appoint a non-anglican as Prime Minister and there's nothing anyone could do about it in the courts. - Chrism 18:22, May 23, 2004 (UTC)
Does this mean that if the duke of Bavaria and his wife converts to protestantism, the duke will be the rightfull heir to the British throne??
So can such a Protestant descendant who marries a Muslim or a Jew succeed to the crown? Or a Protestant married to a Greek Orthodox priest? Michael Hardy 02:44, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
I have been looking for a list of the cousins of George I who were 'passed over' because they were catholic - does anyone know who they were? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 172.201.83.26 ( talk • contribs) 16:16, 26 November 2005.
I was always under the impression that there were 57 Stuart rejects but the list provided above lists over one hundred. Obviously some of these were born after the appropriate date but which are the rejects and am I correct that there were 57? The article doesn't appear to answer this question. ( Elephant53 12:02, 26 October 2007 (UTC))
What about the descendants of Karl Ludwig, Elector Palatine from his second marriage? Are they considered illegitimate for some reason? Doesn't the Act allow for the crown to pass to descendants from a second marriage made after the person in question is divorced? (i.e., to Charles and Camilla's children, if they were to miraculously have some now). I think the list above should include Karl's granddaughter Frederica Darcy, Countess FitzWalter, 3rd Countess of Mértola (1688-1751), whose representative today is Lady Diana Miller, 11th Countess of Mértola (b. 1920) (see Count of Mértola for her descent) — User:mathmannix 05:36, 23 January 2010 (UTC)
If the Queen and all her descendants die leaving no heirs the succession goes 'back up the tree' as it were, and this allows us to come up with an order of succession in which we list descendants in order and then go back up the tree when we run out. According to the general rules of succession as we all understand them this is an open-ended process, and provided we know the genealogy we can keep going and come up with a very long list of people, getting ever more distantly related to the present Queen as we go. But the Act of Settlement restricts all this to the descendants of one historical figure. Hypothetically speaking, if I was to wipe out all living descendants of Sophia, and I know there must be an enormous number by now, am I right in saying that no one would be entitled to succeed to the throne? We wouldn't be able to find a descendant of, let's say, Sophia's uncle, and give them the throne, because the Act means that she is the cut-off point. (I'm aware that all this is very poorly worded, but hopefully you'll get the gist of what I'm talking about.) What would happen in such a situation? — Trilobite (Talk) 12:42, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
Looking around I've found this list which lists 4583 people, and appears to be a comprehensive list of all Sophia's descendants as of 2001. It says nothing about what happens if the end of the line is reached, however. — Trilobite (Talk) 12:58, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
There are several Republics in the Commonwealth, so I see no theoretical reason that there couldn't be a monarchy with its own king/queen. The interesting question is what would happen if, say, Australia passed a different succession law and therefore ended up with a different monarch than the rest of the Commonwealth. Would that new King (or Queen) of Australia move to Australia? If so, would Australia retain their Governor-General, or would the position now be moot, since their monarch would be in Australia, hence no need for a viceregal office? Nik42 06:46, 3 July 2006 (UTC)
The real line of succession is the list of 39 people published by the palace. [2] Whitaker's Almanack lists five additional names, and these can be considered royalty also rans. If the entire line suddenly died, married Catholics, or fled the country, parliament would have to declare the throne vacant as in 1688. It could then select another dynasty, adjust the succession rules, or leave it vacant. Figuring out who is 359th on the list or whatever is a little genealogists' pass time. Kauffner ( talk) 21:05, 12 September 2011 (UTC)
I wonder if this Act would stand or fail in the EU supreme court?
It could probably justified on the grounds that its a legitimate restriction under the Equal Treatment Framework Directive (article 4 clause 2) - a religious body (in this case the CofE) can require its officers (in this case the Supreme Governor) to be an adherent of that religion. - Chrism 12:19, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
The Act seems to have two parts.
Unfortunately, they seem to get entangled in the article. For example, in the paragraph trying to show both sides of removing the part 2 clause, it shows the proponent arguements for removing part 2, but the opponents' response seems to be defending part 1. It would be nicer if it were possible to break down the pros and cons into for/againt whole act, and for/against removing just that clause.
Tony Blair has stated that he would amend or repeal the Act of Settlement 1701 and does not agree with it - indeed he was quoted in a newspaper interview before the election as saying that it was 'plainly discriminatory' but that the burden of work involved in changing this law, and the limited real-world effect meant that it was not a priority. 136.2.1.101 11:43, 9 February 2006 (UTC)
The situation regarding Adrian Hilton was not directly related to the pronouncements of Michael Howard, but largely a reaction to a Catholic Herald article during the election. I do not believe that this statement should be included without a citation to back it up. 136.2.1.101 11:43, 9 February 2006 (UTC)
Also, the Catholic church does not (at least formally) endorse any political parties, but instead issues guidance on the position they hold. 136.2.1.101 11:43, 9 February 2006 (UTC)
The situation is more complex than presented in the article. There are two configurations:
1. Countries that have cut legal and constitutional ties with Britain, e.g. Canada (Canada Act) and Australia (Australia Act). In these realms any changes to the Act of Settlement 1701 (Imperial) would not affect the Act of Settlement 1701 (Canada) etc. However, in these countries the Crowns are de jure divorced from the British Crown already, and exist as entirely seperate legal and constitutional entities - even if the currently happen to be held by the same person (e.g. Queen of Barbados, Queen of Jamaica, etc.). The succession according to the existing Act of Settlement 1701 is a constitutional clause in New Zealand at least. Repeal or amendment of the Act of Settlement in these situations would not cause any legal problems in the UK, but could cause real-world difficulties in other countries (potentially breaking the 'personal union' relationship between the Commonwealth Realms).
2. Countries that still have tied-legal systems, including the right of the Imperial Parliament (Westminster) to legislate for them (overriding local law). The Statute of Westminster 1931 tempers this right by requiring Westminster to have consent before doing so (c.f. Abdication Act 1936), and this is very specific in the case of any change to the succession requiring approval of all 16 Commonwealth Realms - including those that now in legal practice have a distinct Crown. Even with agreement on a change this is still logistically difficult, and the course most commonly suggested by constitutional lawyers in the UK is to nullify this requirementin any legislation to make the amendment - earlier Acts do not bind Parliament against taking a different course later. To quote Geoffrey Robertson QC "The statute of Westminster is not a bar to progressive reform of the monarchy. Just like any other statute, it can be amended by a later act of parliament. There is no legal reason why a Commonwealth country can veto a UK government enactment."
Overall though, any unilateral change to the religious or any other succession requirement (such as male-preference primogeniture) could potentially break the union and symmetry of the Commonwealth Realm crowns. 136.2.1.101 11:43, 9 February 2006 (UTC)
Hello user 136 in configeration 1. above you mention that repeal or ammendment of the Act of Settlement in countries that have no constitutional ties to the UK could cause real world difficulties in other countries - potentialy breaking the personal union relationship between the Commonwealth Realms . Could you elaborate on what those difficulties would be ? ( considering that they have no constitutional ties ) Lejon 10:20 19 Mar 06
References to the Act being from 1700 (such as the ACT register of legislation in the link) are due to the change in New Year's Day from 25th March to 1st January in England that occured in 1752. There is no fixed convention on whether to quote in Old Style (OS), New Style (NS), or the combined form that would read 1700/1.
The UK Parliament always refers to legislation by the OS year, and refers to this Act as the 'Act of Settlement 1700' in formal documents, although common usage (as recorded in Hansard in debates) is to use the modern form of 1701.
136.2.1.101 11:58, 9 February 2006 (UTC)
The reason is that before 1793, Acts came into force on the first day of the session that parliament sat. See Acts of Parliament (Commencement) Act 1793. Kurando | ^_^ 09:27, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
The official short title of the Act is set by a later Act of Parliament as just "Act of Settlement" without the year. The Bill of Rights also has no year after it. Richard75 21:55, 8 September 2006 (UTC)
The original introduction was recently removed:
I have restored it, because any reader arriving at this page could reasonably be expecting to find out what this thing is. The key, vital, answer is that it is an Act of the Parliament of England, followed by a bit of very brief background.-- Mais oui! 14:28, 4 March 2006 (UTC)
Given this is a key piece of legislation in the British constitution, it is listed in British laws category. Astrotrain 22:51, 14 March 2006 (UTC)
The clause about making war for foreign monarchs is not "obsolete", merely inactive. Although the first foreigner in the line of succession to the British Throne is No.60 (the king of Norway), the provision would become acutely relevant if, say, Prince William of Wales were to marry Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden. — Tamfang 06:03, 21 September 2006 (UTC)
The article states that this clause became dormant at the accession of Victoria, who could not inherit Hanover. In fact, George III, George IV, and William IV were English-born, so the article would not apply to them. Curmudgeonly Pedant ( talk) 15:59, 2 April 2024 (UTC)
Some of the aspects of the law listed would seem to no longer apply. If this is so, it should be stated - as is the case with "no monarch can leave the British Isles without the consent of Parliament". The section I'm talking about (althought I don't know for sure they no longer apply) are -
- Matthew238 07:21, 23 September 2006 (UTC)
Act says "That no monarch may leave the British Isles without the consent of Parliament." Charmingly anachronistic. Can someone add to the article at that point the reason why this was originally included? Tempshill 04:32, 17 May 2007 (UTC)
The result of the proposal was no consensus to move and the de facto naming standard argues very strongly against any move of this page in isolation. Angus McLellan (Talk) 00:41, 25 November 2007 (UTC)
Should this page be moved to Act of Settlement, 1701? Please discuss below. ~ user:orngjce223 how am I typing? 18:08, 17 November 2007 (UTC)
just wondering if this article should be categorised as Category:Anti-Catholicism.-- w_tanoto ( talk) 12:46, 4 October 2008 (UTC)
There is an article "anti-catholicism in england" that cross references to here.
The act also states that anyone who attends Catholic services, eg. Mass, Communion etc is removed from any claim to the throne. "Queen" Elizabeth has indeed attended Catholic services(while remaining a member of C of E) and has socialised with Catholic Bishops etc. According to the very law that made her Queen in 1952 she should have been forced to abdicate, and Charles been declared the King of England. The Church of England were up in arms about this, but it went unnoticed. By rights the present Head of the Commonwealth is King Charles III(assuming he were to to take this name)! No No No No No No Yes ( talk) 11:12, 30 April 2010 (UTC)
http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?activeTextDocId=1565208
The Queen forfeited the Crown amongst other ways by having Holy Communion at VESPERS at the Westminster Catholic church in 2005 and mixing with the Roman Catholic Church - the Church of England has refused to comment on the matter even though they were up in arms about it then. No No No No No No Yes ( talk) 13:39, 30 April 2010 (UTC)
There's no need to be rude... No No No No No No Yes ( talk) 13:44, 30 April 2010 (UTC)
On 12 Jan 1641 the House of Lords petitioned Charles I to make a number of appointments "quamdiu se bene gesserint". -- Jbergquist ( talk) 06:22, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
A form of a similar phrase used in Scotland, ad vitam aut culpam (for life or fault), can be found in Acts & Proceedings of the General Assemblies of the Kirk of Scotland, 1560-1618 (1839) in an entry dated "18 of Marche 1600",
Did Cicero's De Officiis play a role? James I's Basilikon Doron is done in a similar style. -- Jbergquist ( talk) 08:59, 16 October 2010 (UTC)
This law really worked for the British royal family. Virtually all of the Queens of the United Kingdom (not sure about Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon though) were Protestants with not even one Catholic ancestor in the generations after the Break with Rome and the Reformation. Elizabeth II has no Catholic relations; her relation to the King of Spain, the King of Belgium, the Grand Duke of Luxembourg comes from common Protestant ancestors instead.-- Queen Elizabeth II's Little Spy ( talk) 08:07, 21 November 2010 (UTC)
Is it enough to be of any Christian denomination, no matter how obscure, as long it's not Catholicism, to be considered a Protestant for the purposes of the Act of Settlement? If not, what are the limits of Protestantism? -- Jack of Oz ... speak! ... 20:16, 29 November 2010 (UTC)
A BBC news article that can be found at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12225093 indicates that there is an ongoing effort to amend the act to give more equality to first born daughters. Perhaps an interested editor could update the section. 129.67.172.102 ( talk) 13:10, 19 January 2011 (UTC)
I wonder, if preference for males is removed, will the Queen issue new letters patent governing the use of the style Prince(ss) of the United Kingdom? At present, only William's eldest son would be styled as prince during Elizabeth II's reign due to letters patent issued by George V. It wouldn't make any sense to see William's daughter called (eg) Lady Mary Windsor if she were ahead of her younger brother, (eg) Prince George, in the line of succession. Surtsicna ( talk) 17:12, 21 January 2011 (UTC)
William III of England, II of Scotland is not Jimmy's nephew? GoodDay ( talk) 22:53, 22 January 2011 (UTC)
Assuming the 16 parliaments will approve the 'genders are equal' amendment, will it keep Savanna Phillips ahead of any future brothers (as the Phillips' children will be the same generation as the Cambridge children)? GoodDay ( talk) 21:14, 29 October 2011 (UTC)
And will the right to succeed be limited to the descendants of a more recent monarch? If not and if the change won't be retroactive, how will it be possible to know who the new rules apply to? Surtsicna ( talk) 22:46, 29 October 2011 (UTC)
Perhaps I am not understanding the prose, but it seems to me that over half of the LEAD has nothing to do with this Act. Is it not the case that settlement basically states that the laws of the colonies are the laws of the crown, and therefore, the Act of Settlement is the law of the colonies? If that is what it is indeed trying to say, then why is it even mentioned at all? This statement would be true for all laws, so it becomes as trivial as mentioning that the Act is written in English. Or is there something in the Act itself that pertains directly to Settlement, or vice versa? Maury Markowitz ( talk) 10:45, 25 October 2012 (UTC)
LOL..I just came across this prose too. What ridiculous stilted pomposity! The lead has to be re-written completely by someone who does not fabulate day and night about Commonwealth Realms, Crowns and Thrones. -- Lubiesque ( talk) 12:28, 25 October 2012 (UTC)
Excellent work all, the new LEAD is much better, IMHO. Kudos especially to BlueMoonlet. Maury Markowitz ( talk) 17:55, 26 October 2012 (UTC)
I would most certainly not like to be "cocky", but this is first and foremost, although not solely, one of my country's current legislation, more so than a mere, simple piece of history in the history of the humankind, or anything else.
My request, be that as it may, at the minimum, is that the words "The role of foreigners in the British government was at one time addressed by the act, but subsequent laws have rendered those clauses dormant" – for it is obvious that it is factually incorrect – for in fact the clause is not in fact dormant, but in a sense still partially active – must be struck out.
In the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland – as it is also in the United States of America – there is a bar, or prohibition, on the formal employment of aliens, or foreigners, in the British case, those without British nationality or British citizenship, into what we now called the Civil Service of the Ministries and Departments of Government, as what we now call civil servants, as well as the assumption or exercise of military, judicial, public or political functions or office, as well as the receipt of military commissions as officers of the Crown's Armed Forces, and the very statutory or legal basis or justification for such a bar or prohibition is indeed no other than the fifth paragraph of Section III of the Act of Settlement (O.S. 1700) [5].
There is a general statutory prohibition on the employment of aliens in the Civil Service. (1) An alien is any person who is not a British or Commonwealth citizen, a British protected person or a citizen of the Republic of Ireland. (2)
1. [The] Act of Settlement 1700, s.3; Aliens Restriction (Amendment) Act 1919, s. 6.
2. See paragraphs 28 to 39 for further information on the definition of British, Irish and Commonwealth citizens, and British protected persons.
"The Civil Service Nationality Rules" (Annex A), Guidance, Cabinet Office. Released under and in pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (c. 36), September 2011. Page 2. [6]
It is only dormant – an error probably perpetuated by a Britisher or a Briton, perhaps himself not of native stock – in the sense that the clause now no longer mean what it is, or what it originally was, intended or supposed to mean or read, for the fact that an amendment – without altering or modifying the text of (that is to say, without inserting new or removing existing words into or from) the Act of Settlement – by Part Two, Section Three, Sub-section Two (now repealed) [7], of the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914 (c. 17) (Regnal. 4 and 5 Geo. 5) [8] ("Section 3 of the Act of Settlement (which disqualifies naturalized aliens from holding certain offices) shall have effect as if the words " naturalized or " were omitted therefrom."), meant that naturalised (or naturalized, both spellings used interchangeably in the United Kingdom before the end of the Second World War) British subjects now equated ( = ), to and for all intents and purposes in the eyes of the law and of the State, " denizens of English descent or parentage", all but in name; that is to say, if you were a naturalised subject, you were now treated as if you were, in the subjunctive, "denizens of English descent or parentage".
That citizens from other parts of the British Commonwealth and Commonwealth of Nations, that citizens of the Republic of Ireland, that citizens from other parts of the European Union, that subjects and citizens of Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein, in the European Free Trade Association, or the E.F.T.A. (EFTA), and of the Swiss Confederation (or Switzerland), also in the European Free Trade Association, as well as that citizens and subjects of Turkey, are all in fact also eligible – after meeting certain conditions, and with a few restrictions – is governed by separate legislation and is beyond the scope of this current discussion.
-- KC9TV 09:03, 30 October 2012 (UTC)
This paragraph was recently rewritten by Miesianiacal ( talk · contribs) with the summary "(c/e: multiple thrones; parliament not a proper noun)". I have no objection to the overall restructuring, but I dispute each of the points explicitly mentioned!
— Tamfang ( talk) 21:16, 30 October 2012 (UTC)
I think both these issues can be addressed by paying proper attention to verb tense. I chose the tenses in this paragraph deliberately.
The first sentence is in the present tense and is meant to refer to the Act's current effect on the succession. I used the singular "throne", I suppose in a somewhat metaphorical sense to refer to the general office of monarch, but I don't greatly object to the plural.
The second sentence is in the past tense. Whatever the current effect of these provisions may be (if any) is much less interesting, it seems to me, than what they were intended to do in the first place. With that in mind, there is only one relevant parliament, which is that of England/GB/UK, so I would favor using "Parliament" as a proper noun. -- BlueMoonlet ( t/ c) 01:59, 31 October 2012 (UTC)
An editor has removed a "see also" link to Proclamation of accession of Elizabeth II, mistakenly asserting "unrelated", which suggests a failure to have noticed that much of the article is composed of information under titles: 3 Effects of the Act 3.1 Kingdom of Great Britain 3.2 Succession to the Crown 3.3 Removal from the succession 3.4 The abdication of 1936 4 Present status 5 Amendment proposals, and that the content of the Proclamation article is concerned with the most recent operation of the Act of Settlement, and describes a stage in the development among the realms leading to the present amendment proposals. Hardly unrelated. Qexigator ( talk) 16:25, 19 April 2013 (UTC)
The concrete facts of Proc EII must be more telling than the abstract opinions of Toffoli (of Canadian Royal Heritage Trust) [9], [10] or other commentators, but, as Toffoli has been keen to point out (as cited in the Proc. article [11] [12]), on that last occasion Canada's was the first of the proclamations, and, like S.Africa, included "...of Ireland...Queen" which the other proclamations did not. There always were and will be uncertainties, contingencies, known unknowns: about mortality and what will have been written in the Grim Reaper's book; about the sequence of events determining the identity of the heir apparent at the time of the next demise; and about the course of political events locally or affecting the Commonwealth as a whole. Annexation, rebellion, secession, anarchy? But if it is assumed that disruptive acts or events will not have deflected the accession to the Briish throne or to the throne of the realm of Canada, when the time comes the law of Canada which is now effective will, unless it has been changed, be operative on the happening of the next demise and accession, and the responsible office-holders at that time will act accordingly, dissenting academics, commentators, Wikipedia editors or others notwithstanding. The then government, with a Governor-General in office or not, will have responsibility for proceeding as they deem fit, and may issue a proclamation which differs from that of the United Kingdom. They could decide to adopt what is now a dissenting opinion. Qexigator ( talk) 10:08, 20 April 2013 (UTC).
In the lead, and elsewhere, a recent edit [13] has changed "Roman Catholic" to "Catholic". This is against longstanding consensus, and contrary to current practice which refers to "Roman Catholic" in connection with succession to the Crown, as in s.2 of the Succession to the Crown Act 2013, which reads: "Removal of disqualification arising from marriage to a Roman Catholic - (1) A person is not disqualified from succeeding to the Crown or from possessing it as a result of marrying a person of the Roman Catholic faith. (2)..." [14]. Qexigator ( talk) 18:17, 28 August 2013 (UTC)
Note, too, that every Christian church uses the Nicene Creed. It contains the phrase ‘I believe in one Catholic, and Apostolic Church’.
Catholic, as it is used in the Nicene Creed, means universal. The church is a reality that is pertinent to everyone universally. There is no one to whom the church cannot minister and to whom its message cannot reach. Blocked for none, the church’s roles are full of sinners of all stripes, their admission secured by the stripes that Jesus Christ bore. That is a basic doctrine of the faith.
The Church of Rome calls itself ‘the Catholic Church’. It is, but so are all the others. So, non- members often call it the ‘Roman Catholic Church’. This is something of a fudge, but seems the best way to be avoid confusion. 2A00:23C7:E284:CF00:8D62:4BC2:F384:4F8F ( talk) 09:31, 4 April 2021 (UTC)
It is possible that "settlement" was meant in the sense of restricting inheritance of property (in this case, the crown), and not in the sense of "settling" or resolving some problem or issue. See Settlement (trust), Settled Land Acts and Fee tail. Anybody have any proof/disproof of this which could go in the article? Count Truthstein ( talk) 23:07, 21 October 2013 (UTC)
This article notes the debate in 2010 that happened with William and Kate's marriage about the possible end of primogeniture. Nowhere in it does it seem to note that these provisions of the Act of Settlement where overturned in 2013, before the birth of Kate's first child in Canada, the United Kingdom, St. Kitts and Nevis, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and that there was an agreement in principle with the other realms to change the law retrospectively [15] - (as a Canadian this is what I remembered about the UK and Canada).
Since this wikipedia article is primarily about the act itself and not changes made to it 312 years later I'm not sure, how or where this should be noted. I'm also not really interested in researching which of the other common wealth realms followed through and which may not have, and when these follow throughs happened. Any suggestions would be very much appreciated. Jethro 82 ( talk) 02:53, 16 November 2014 (UTC)
Parliment’s axing of all the Roman Catholics from the line of succession caused fifty-six people to be passed over to get to this unexpected choice. George I was once described as “some old rubbish got from somewhere to stop up a hole in the Constitution”. I think this would be a good addition to the article, but can not find the source. Does anyone recognise it? 2A00:23C7:E284:CF00:8D62:4BC2:F384:4F8F ( talk) 09:46, 4 April 2021 (UTC)
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No problem with the addition but the reference provided in the original edit uses a source written by the editor, which is not available to the public. So I've retained the basic input and provided a new, third party reference.
Robinvp11 ( talk) 15:42, 12 October 2019 (UTC)
The clause tagged as dubious in the section about Australia is contradicted by the words which immediately follow. Can somebody check the cited source to check what Anne Twomey was really saying? Richard75 ( talk) 12:09, 14 June 2021 (UTC)
How could the 1791 act òf succession be passed to Scotland after the act of union. A 95.149.95.180 ( talk) 23:14, 22 November 2021 (UTC)
The image needs correction, to bring into consistency. James II of England, should be James II of England & James VII of Scotland. GoodDay ( talk) 05:32, 13 September 2022 (UTC)
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with all respect, Mr. Hilton is wrong where he states that the Dutch king has to be protestant. Our written constitution is strictly neutral where religion (and oaths) are concerned. Faithfully yours, Robert Prummel, Groningen in the Netjerlands. 2001:1C01:3B06:1900:CCBD:9C06:20D1:9915 ( talk) 21:36, 7 May 2023 (UTC)
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As a result of the Act of Settlement, several members of the British Royal Family who have converted to Roman Catholicism or married Catholics have been barred from their place in the line of succession. These cases are a major part of the potential interest for non-historians. Wetman 20:50, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)
Such decisions are made by the Prime Minister, whose own religion (if any) may be in conflict with the Church of England. This situation is rendered possible because, on the one hand, religious tests have never applied to public offices such as the Prime Minister (and under contemporary anti-discrimination laws it would be illegal to do so), while on the other hand, such a religious test not only is but must be applied to the monarch.
I was under the impression that the Appointments Secretary who advises the Prime Minister on appointments of bishops and the like must be an Anglican, and that the Catholic Relief Act specifically forbids a Catholic from advising the monarch as to appointments within the CofE. Also the Queen is immune from prosecution and the appointment of a prime minister is one of the royal prerogatives which the courts historically have held to be outside the scope of judicial revieq. The Queen could refuse (in theory) to appoint a non-anglican as Prime Minister and there's nothing anyone could do about it in the courts. - Chrism 18:22, May 23, 2004 (UTC)
Does this mean that if the duke of Bavaria and his wife converts to protestantism, the duke will be the rightfull heir to the British throne??
So can such a Protestant descendant who marries a Muslim or a Jew succeed to the crown? Or a Protestant married to a Greek Orthodox priest? Michael Hardy 02:44, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
I have been looking for a list of the cousins of George I who were 'passed over' because they were catholic - does anyone know who they were? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 172.201.83.26 ( talk • contribs) 16:16, 26 November 2005.
I was always under the impression that there were 57 Stuart rejects but the list provided above lists over one hundred. Obviously some of these were born after the appropriate date but which are the rejects and am I correct that there were 57? The article doesn't appear to answer this question. ( Elephant53 12:02, 26 October 2007 (UTC))
What about the descendants of Karl Ludwig, Elector Palatine from his second marriage? Are they considered illegitimate for some reason? Doesn't the Act allow for the crown to pass to descendants from a second marriage made after the person in question is divorced? (i.e., to Charles and Camilla's children, if they were to miraculously have some now). I think the list above should include Karl's granddaughter Frederica Darcy, Countess FitzWalter, 3rd Countess of Mértola (1688-1751), whose representative today is Lady Diana Miller, 11th Countess of Mértola (b. 1920) (see Count of Mértola for her descent) — User:mathmannix 05:36, 23 January 2010 (UTC)
If the Queen and all her descendants die leaving no heirs the succession goes 'back up the tree' as it were, and this allows us to come up with an order of succession in which we list descendants in order and then go back up the tree when we run out. According to the general rules of succession as we all understand them this is an open-ended process, and provided we know the genealogy we can keep going and come up with a very long list of people, getting ever more distantly related to the present Queen as we go. But the Act of Settlement restricts all this to the descendants of one historical figure. Hypothetically speaking, if I was to wipe out all living descendants of Sophia, and I know there must be an enormous number by now, am I right in saying that no one would be entitled to succeed to the throne? We wouldn't be able to find a descendant of, let's say, Sophia's uncle, and give them the throne, because the Act means that she is the cut-off point. (I'm aware that all this is very poorly worded, but hopefully you'll get the gist of what I'm talking about.) What would happen in such a situation? — Trilobite (Talk) 12:42, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
Looking around I've found this list which lists 4583 people, and appears to be a comprehensive list of all Sophia's descendants as of 2001. It says nothing about what happens if the end of the line is reached, however. — Trilobite (Talk) 12:58, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
There are several Republics in the Commonwealth, so I see no theoretical reason that there couldn't be a monarchy with its own king/queen. The interesting question is what would happen if, say, Australia passed a different succession law and therefore ended up with a different monarch than the rest of the Commonwealth. Would that new King (or Queen) of Australia move to Australia? If so, would Australia retain their Governor-General, or would the position now be moot, since their monarch would be in Australia, hence no need for a viceregal office? Nik42 06:46, 3 July 2006 (UTC)
The real line of succession is the list of 39 people published by the palace. [2] Whitaker's Almanack lists five additional names, and these can be considered royalty also rans. If the entire line suddenly died, married Catholics, or fled the country, parliament would have to declare the throne vacant as in 1688. It could then select another dynasty, adjust the succession rules, or leave it vacant. Figuring out who is 359th on the list or whatever is a little genealogists' pass time. Kauffner ( talk) 21:05, 12 September 2011 (UTC)
I wonder if this Act would stand or fail in the EU supreme court?
It could probably justified on the grounds that its a legitimate restriction under the Equal Treatment Framework Directive (article 4 clause 2) - a religious body (in this case the CofE) can require its officers (in this case the Supreme Governor) to be an adherent of that religion. - Chrism 12:19, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
The Act seems to have two parts.
Unfortunately, they seem to get entangled in the article. For example, in the paragraph trying to show both sides of removing the part 2 clause, it shows the proponent arguements for removing part 2, but the opponents' response seems to be defending part 1. It would be nicer if it were possible to break down the pros and cons into for/againt whole act, and for/against removing just that clause.
Tony Blair has stated that he would amend or repeal the Act of Settlement 1701 and does not agree with it - indeed he was quoted in a newspaper interview before the election as saying that it was 'plainly discriminatory' but that the burden of work involved in changing this law, and the limited real-world effect meant that it was not a priority. 136.2.1.101 11:43, 9 February 2006 (UTC)
The situation regarding Adrian Hilton was not directly related to the pronouncements of Michael Howard, but largely a reaction to a Catholic Herald article during the election. I do not believe that this statement should be included without a citation to back it up. 136.2.1.101 11:43, 9 February 2006 (UTC)
Also, the Catholic church does not (at least formally) endorse any political parties, but instead issues guidance on the position they hold. 136.2.1.101 11:43, 9 February 2006 (UTC)
The situation is more complex than presented in the article. There are two configurations:
1. Countries that have cut legal and constitutional ties with Britain, e.g. Canada (Canada Act) and Australia (Australia Act). In these realms any changes to the Act of Settlement 1701 (Imperial) would not affect the Act of Settlement 1701 (Canada) etc. However, in these countries the Crowns are de jure divorced from the British Crown already, and exist as entirely seperate legal and constitutional entities - even if the currently happen to be held by the same person (e.g. Queen of Barbados, Queen of Jamaica, etc.). The succession according to the existing Act of Settlement 1701 is a constitutional clause in New Zealand at least. Repeal or amendment of the Act of Settlement in these situations would not cause any legal problems in the UK, but could cause real-world difficulties in other countries (potentially breaking the 'personal union' relationship between the Commonwealth Realms).
2. Countries that still have tied-legal systems, including the right of the Imperial Parliament (Westminster) to legislate for them (overriding local law). The Statute of Westminster 1931 tempers this right by requiring Westminster to have consent before doing so (c.f. Abdication Act 1936), and this is very specific in the case of any change to the succession requiring approval of all 16 Commonwealth Realms - including those that now in legal practice have a distinct Crown. Even with agreement on a change this is still logistically difficult, and the course most commonly suggested by constitutional lawyers in the UK is to nullify this requirementin any legislation to make the amendment - earlier Acts do not bind Parliament against taking a different course later. To quote Geoffrey Robertson QC "The statute of Westminster is not a bar to progressive reform of the monarchy. Just like any other statute, it can be amended by a later act of parliament. There is no legal reason why a Commonwealth country can veto a UK government enactment."
Overall though, any unilateral change to the religious or any other succession requirement (such as male-preference primogeniture) could potentially break the union and symmetry of the Commonwealth Realm crowns. 136.2.1.101 11:43, 9 February 2006 (UTC)
Hello user 136 in configeration 1. above you mention that repeal or ammendment of the Act of Settlement in countries that have no constitutional ties to the UK could cause real world difficulties in other countries - potentialy breaking the personal union relationship between the Commonwealth Realms . Could you elaborate on what those difficulties would be ? ( considering that they have no constitutional ties ) Lejon 10:20 19 Mar 06
References to the Act being from 1700 (such as the ACT register of legislation in the link) are due to the change in New Year's Day from 25th March to 1st January in England that occured in 1752. There is no fixed convention on whether to quote in Old Style (OS), New Style (NS), or the combined form that would read 1700/1.
The UK Parliament always refers to legislation by the OS year, and refers to this Act as the 'Act of Settlement 1700' in formal documents, although common usage (as recorded in Hansard in debates) is to use the modern form of 1701.
136.2.1.101 11:58, 9 February 2006 (UTC)
The reason is that before 1793, Acts came into force on the first day of the session that parliament sat. See Acts of Parliament (Commencement) Act 1793. Kurando | ^_^ 09:27, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
The official short title of the Act is set by a later Act of Parliament as just "Act of Settlement" without the year. The Bill of Rights also has no year after it. Richard75 21:55, 8 September 2006 (UTC)
The original introduction was recently removed:
I have restored it, because any reader arriving at this page could reasonably be expecting to find out what this thing is. The key, vital, answer is that it is an Act of the Parliament of England, followed by a bit of very brief background.-- Mais oui! 14:28, 4 March 2006 (UTC)
Given this is a key piece of legislation in the British constitution, it is listed in British laws category. Astrotrain 22:51, 14 March 2006 (UTC)
The clause about making war for foreign monarchs is not "obsolete", merely inactive. Although the first foreigner in the line of succession to the British Throne is No.60 (the king of Norway), the provision would become acutely relevant if, say, Prince William of Wales were to marry Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden. — Tamfang 06:03, 21 September 2006 (UTC)
The article states that this clause became dormant at the accession of Victoria, who could not inherit Hanover. In fact, George III, George IV, and William IV were English-born, so the article would not apply to them. Curmudgeonly Pedant ( talk) 15:59, 2 April 2024 (UTC)
Some of the aspects of the law listed would seem to no longer apply. If this is so, it should be stated - as is the case with "no monarch can leave the British Isles without the consent of Parliament". The section I'm talking about (althought I don't know for sure they no longer apply) are -
- Matthew238 07:21, 23 September 2006 (UTC)
Act says "That no monarch may leave the British Isles without the consent of Parliament." Charmingly anachronistic. Can someone add to the article at that point the reason why this was originally included? Tempshill 04:32, 17 May 2007 (UTC)
The result of the proposal was no consensus to move and the de facto naming standard argues very strongly against any move of this page in isolation. Angus McLellan (Talk) 00:41, 25 November 2007 (UTC)
Should this page be moved to Act of Settlement, 1701? Please discuss below. ~ user:orngjce223 how am I typing? 18:08, 17 November 2007 (UTC)
just wondering if this article should be categorised as Category:Anti-Catholicism.-- w_tanoto ( talk) 12:46, 4 October 2008 (UTC)
There is an article "anti-catholicism in england" that cross references to here.
The act also states that anyone who attends Catholic services, eg. Mass, Communion etc is removed from any claim to the throne. "Queen" Elizabeth has indeed attended Catholic services(while remaining a member of C of E) and has socialised with Catholic Bishops etc. According to the very law that made her Queen in 1952 she should have been forced to abdicate, and Charles been declared the King of England. The Church of England were up in arms about this, but it went unnoticed. By rights the present Head of the Commonwealth is King Charles III(assuming he were to to take this name)! No No No No No No Yes ( talk) 11:12, 30 April 2010 (UTC)
http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?activeTextDocId=1565208
The Queen forfeited the Crown amongst other ways by having Holy Communion at VESPERS at the Westminster Catholic church in 2005 and mixing with the Roman Catholic Church - the Church of England has refused to comment on the matter even though they were up in arms about it then. No No No No No No Yes ( talk) 13:39, 30 April 2010 (UTC)
There's no need to be rude... No No No No No No Yes ( talk) 13:44, 30 April 2010 (UTC)
On 12 Jan 1641 the House of Lords petitioned Charles I to make a number of appointments "quamdiu se bene gesserint". -- Jbergquist ( talk) 06:22, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
A form of a similar phrase used in Scotland, ad vitam aut culpam (for life or fault), can be found in Acts & Proceedings of the General Assemblies of the Kirk of Scotland, 1560-1618 (1839) in an entry dated "18 of Marche 1600",
Did Cicero's De Officiis play a role? James I's Basilikon Doron is done in a similar style. -- Jbergquist ( talk) 08:59, 16 October 2010 (UTC)
This law really worked for the British royal family. Virtually all of the Queens of the United Kingdom (not sure about Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon though) were Protestants with not even one Catholic ancestor in the generations after the Break with Rome and the Reformation. Elizabeth II has no Catholic relations; her relation to the King of Spain, the King of Belgium, the Grand Duke of Luxembourg comes from common Protestant ancestors instead.-- Queen Elizabeth II's Little Spy ( talk) 08:07, 21 November 2010 (UTC)
Is it enough to be of any Christian denomination, no matter how obscure, as long it's not Catholicism, to be considered a Protestant for the purposes of the Act of Settlement? If not, what are the limits of Protestantism? -- Jack of Oz ... speak! ... 20:16, 29 November 2010 (UTC)
A BBC news article that can be found at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12225093 indicates that there is an ongoing effort to amend the act to give more equality to first born daughters. Perhaps an interested editor could update the section. 129.67.172.102 ( talk) 13:10, 19 January 2011 (UTC)
I wonder, if preference for males is removed, will the Queen issue new letters patent governing the use of the style Prince(ss) of the United Kingdom? At present, only William's eldest son would be styled as prince during Elizabeth II's reign due to letters patent issued by George V. It wouldn't make any sense to see William's daughter called (eg) Lady Mary Windsor if she were ahead of her younger brother, (eg) Prince George, in the line of succession. Surtsicna ( talk) 17:12, 21 January 2011 (UTC)
William III of England, II of Scotland is not Jimmy's nephew? GoodDay ( talk) 22:53, 22 January 2011 (UTC)
Assuming the 16 parliaments will approve the 'genders are equal' amendment, will it keep Savanna Phillips ahead of any future brothers (as the Phillips' children will be the same generation as the Cambridge children)? GoodDay ( talk) 21:14, 29 October 2011 (UTC)
And will the right to succeed be limited to the descendants of a more recent monarch? If not and if the change won't be retroactive, how will it be possible to know who the new rules apply to? Surtsicna ( talk) 22:46, 29 October 2011 (UTC)
Perhaps I am not understanding the prose, but it seems to me that over half of the LEAD has nothing to do with this Act. Is it not the case that settlement basically states that the laws of the colonies are the laws of the crown, and therefore, the Act of Settlement is the law of the colonies? If that is what it is indeed trying to say, then why is it even mentioned at all? This statement would be true for all laws, so it becomes as trivial as mentioning that the Act is written in English. Or is there something in the Act itself that pertains directly to Settlement, or vice versa? Maury Markowitz ( talk) 10:45, 25 October 2012 (UTC)
LOL..I just came across this prose too. What ridiculous stilted pomposity! The lead has to be re-written completely by someone who does not fabulate day and night about Commonwealth Realms, Crowns and Thrones. -- Lubiesque ( talk) 12:28, 25 October 2012 (UTC)
Excellent work all, the new LEAD is much better, IMHO. Kudos especially to BlueMoonlet. Maury Markowitz ( talk) 17:55, 26 October 2012 (UTC)
I would most certainly not like to be "cocky", but this is first and foremost, although not solely, one of my country's current legislation, more so than a mere, simple piece of history in the history of the humankind, or anything else.
My request, be that as it may, at the minimum, is that the words "The role of foreigners in the British government was at one time addressed by the act, but subsequent laws have rendered those clauses dormant" – for it is obvious that it is factually incorrect – for in fact the clause is not in fact dormant, but in a sense still partially active – must be struck out.
In the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland – as it is also in the United States of America – there is a bar, or prohibition, on the formal employment of aliens, or foreigners, in the British case, those without British nationality or British citizenship, into what we now called the Civil Service of the Ministries and Departments of Government, as what we now call civil servants, as well as the assumption or exercise of military, judicial, public or political functions or office, as well as the receipt of military commissions as officers of the Crown's Armed Forces, and the very statutory or legal basis or justification for such a bar or prohibition is indeed no other than the fifth paragraph of Section III of the Act of Settlement (O.S. 1700) [5].
There is a general statutory prohibition on the employment of aliens in the Civil Service. (1) An alien is any person who is not a British or Commonwealth citizen, a British protected person or a citizen of the Republic of Ireland. (2)
1. [The] Act of Settlement 1700, s.3; Aliens Restriction (Amendment) Act 1919, s. 6.
2. See paragraphs 28 to 39 for further information on the definition of British, Irish and Commonwealth citizens, and British protected persons.
"The Civil Service Nationality Rules" (Annex A), Guidance, Cabinet Office. Released under and in pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (c. 36), September 2011. Page 2. [6]
It is only dormant – an error probably perpetuated by a Britisher or a Briton, perhaps himself not of native stock – in the sense that the clause now no longer mean what it is, or what it originally was, intended or supposed to mean or read, for the fact that an amendment – without altering or modifying the text of (that is to say, without inserting new or removing existing words into or from) the Act of Settlement – by Part Two, Section Three, Sub-section Two (now repealed) [7], of the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914 (c. 17) (Regnal. 4 and 5 Geo. 5) [8] ("Section 3 of the Act of Settlement (which disqualifies naturalized aliens from holding certain offices) shall have effect as if the words " naturalized or " were omitted therefrom."), meant that naturalised (or naturalized, both spellings used interchangeably in the United Kingdom before the end of the Second World War) British subjects now equated ( = ), to and for all intents and purposes in the eyes of the law and of the State, " denizens of English descent or parentage", all but in name; that is to say, if you were a naturalised subject, you were now treated as if you were, in the subjunctive, "denizens of English descent or parentage".
That citizens from other parts of the British Commonwealth and Commonwealth of Nations, that citizens of the Republic of Ireland, that citizens from other parts of the European Union, that subjects and citizens of Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein, in the European Free Trade Association, or the E.F.T.A. (EFTA), and of the Swiss Confederation (or Switzerland), also in the European Free Trade Association, as well as that citizens and subjects of Turkey, are all in fact also eligible – after meeting certain conditions, and with a few restrictions – is governed by separate legislation and is beyond the scope of this current discussion.
-- KC9TV 09:03, 30 October 2012 (UTC)
This paragraph was recently rewritten by Miesianiacal ( talk · contribs) with the summary "(c/e: multiple thrones; parliament not a proper noun)". I have no objection to the overall restructuring, but I dispute each of the points explicitly mentioned!
— Tamfang ( talk) 21:16, 30 October 2012 (UTC)
I think both these issues can be addressed by paying proper attention to verb tense. I chose the tenses in this paragraph deliberately.
The first sentence is in the present tense and is meant to refer to the Act's current effect on the succession. I used the singular "throne", I suppose in a somewhat metaphorical sense to refer to the general office of monarch, but I don't greatly object to the plural.
The second sentence is in the past tense. Whatever the current effect of these provisions may be (if any) is much less interesting, it seems to me, than what they were intended to do in the first place. With that in mind, there is only one relevant parliament, which is that of England/GB/UK, so I would favor using "Parliament" as a proper noun. -- BlueMoonlet ( t/ c) 01:59, 31 October 2012 (UTC)
An editor has removed a "see also" link to Proclamation of accession of Elizabeth II, mistakenly asserting "unrelated", which suggests a failure to have noticed that much of the article is composed of information under titles: 3 Effects of the Act 3.1 Kingdom of Great Britain 3.2 Succession to the Crown 3.3 Removal from the succession 3.4 The abdication of 1936 4 Present status 5 Amendment proposals, and that the content of the Proclamation article is concerned with the most recent operation of the Act of Settlement, and describes a stage in the development among the realms leading to the present amendment proposals. Hardly unrelated. Qexigator ( talk) 16:25, 19 April 2013 (UTC)
The concrete facts of Proc EII must be more telling than the abstract opinions of Toffoli (of Canadian Royal Heritage Trust) [9], [10] or other commentators, but, as Toffoli has been keen to point out (as cited in the Proc. article [11] [12]), on that last occasion Canada's was the first of the proclamations, and, like S.Africa, included "...of Ireland...Queen" which the other proclamations did not. There always were and will be uncertainties, contingencies, known unknowns: about mortality and what will have been written in the Grim Reaper's book; about the sequence of events determining the identity of the heir apparent at the time of the next demise; and about the course of political events locally or affecting the Commonwealth as a whole. Annexation, rebellion, secession, anarchy? But if it is assumed that disruptive acts or events will not have deflected the accession to the Briish throne or to the throne of the realm of Canada, when the time comes the law of Canada which is now effective will, unless it has been changed, be operative on the happening of the next demise and accession, and the responsible office-holders at that time will act accordingly, dissenting academics, commentators, Wikipedia editors or others notwithstanding. The then government, with a Governor-General in office or not, will have responsibility for proceeding as they deem fit, and may issue a proclamation which differs from that of the United Kingdom. They could decide to adopt what is now a dissenting opinion. Qexigator ( talk) 10:08, 20 April 2013 (UTC).
In the lead, and elsewhere, a recent edit [13] has changed "Roman Catholic" to "Catholic". This is against longstanding consensus, and contrary to current practice which refers to "Roman Catholic" in connection with succession to the Crown, as in s.2 of the Succession to the Crown Act 2013, which reads: "Removal of disqualification arising from marriage to a Roman Catholic - (1) A person is not disqualified from succeeding to the Crown or from possessing it as a result of marrying a person of the Roman Catholic faith. (2)..." [14]. Qexigator ( talk) 18:17, 28 August 2013 (UTC)
Note, too, that every Christian church uses the Nicene Creed. It contains the phrase ‘I believe in one Catholic, and Apostolic Church’.
Catholic, as it is used in the Nicene Creed, means universal. The church is a reality that is pertinent to everyone universally. There is no one to whom the church cannot minister and to whom its message cannot reach. Blocked for none, the church’s roles are full of sinners of all stripes, their admission secured by the stripes that Jesus Christ bore. That is a basic doctrine of the faith.
The Church of Rome calls itself ‘the Catholic Church’. It is, but so are all the others. So, non- members often call it the ‘Roman Catholic Church’. This is something of a fudge, but seems the best way to be avoid confusion. 2A00:23C7:E284:CF00:8D62:4BC2:F384:4F8F ( talk) 09:31, 4 April 2021 (UTC)
It is possible that "settlement" was meant in the sense of restricting inheritance of property (in this case, the crown), and not in the sense of "settling" or resolving some problem or issue. See Settlement (trust), Settled Land Acts and Fee tail. Anybody have any proof/disproof of this which could go in the article? Count Truthstein ( talk) 23:07, 21 October 2013 (UTC)
This article notes the debate in 2010 that happened with William and Kate's marriage about the possible end of primogeniture. Nowhere in it does it seem to note that these provisions of the Act of Settlement where overturned in 2013, before the birth of Kate's first child in Canada, the United Kingdom, St. Kitts and Nevis, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and that there was an agreement in principle with the other realms to change the law retrospectively [15] - (as a Canadian this is what I remembered about the UK and Canada).
Since this wikipedia article is primarily about the act itself and not changes made to it 312 years later I'm not sure, how or where this should be noted. I'm also not really interested in researching which of the other common wealth realms followed through and which may not have, and when these follow throughs happened. Any suggestions would be very much appreciated. Jethro 82 ( talk) 02:53, 16 November 2014 (UTC)
Parliment’s axing of all the Roman Catholics from the line of succession caused fifty-six people to be passed over to get to this unexpected choice. George I was once described as “some old rubbish got from somewhere to stop up a hole in the Constitution”. I think this would be a good addition to the article, but can not find the source. Does anyone recognise it? 2A00:23C7:E284:CF00:8D62:4BC2:F384:4F8F ( talk) 09:46, 4 April 2021 (UTC)
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No problem with the addition but the reference provided in the original edit uses a source written by the editor, which is not available to the public. So I've retained the basic input and provided a new, third party reference.
Robinvp11 ( talk) 15:42, 12 October 2019 (UTC)
The clause tagged as dubious in the section about Australia is contradicted by the words which immediately follow. Can somebody check the cited source to check what Anne Twomey was really saying? Richard75 ( talk) 12:09, 14 June 2021 (UTC)
How could the 1791 act òf succession be passed to Scotland after the act of union. A 95.149.95.180 ( talk) 23:14, 22 November 2021 (UTC)
The image needs correction, to bring into consistency. James II of England, should be James II of England & James VII of Scotland. GoodDay ( talk) 05:32, 13 September 2022 (UTC)
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with all respect, Mr. Hilton is wrong where he states that the Dutch king has to be protestant. Our written constitution is strictly neutral where religion (and oaths) are concerned. Faithfully yours, Robert Prummel, Groningen in the Netjerlands. 2001:1C01:3B06:1900:CCBD:9C06:20D1:9915 ( talk) 21:36, 7 May 2023 (UTC)