This is an archive of past discussions. Do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the current talk page. |
Archive 1 | Archive 2 | Archive 3 |
Hi there. There is no detailed account of the Manchu conquest anywhere on the Wiki, so this page is a very welcome addition. Thank you to the creator of this page! Just a few points:
There's also a lot to add, but that's normal for a work in progress. In any case, good job so far! Cheers, Madalibi ( talk) 01:16, 14 November 2011 (UTC)
As stated above, WP:TITLEFORMAT says that common nouns should not be capitalized in titles. "Conquest" is a common noun, and as far as I know, the "Manchu conquest" has not been treated as a proper noun when used as a compound (see also this ngram. Since I can't move the page over the redirect at Manchu conquest, let me invite an admin to perform the move. Cheers, Madalibi ( talk) 10:41, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
Since this isn't really discussed, except haphazardly, I would like to say that for now I don't favor merging this article with Fall of the Ming Dynasty. Well, not for now. It's not that there's not a lot of overlap, but before the conquest, the Manchus were organizing a state and the Ming were having troubles keeping theirs organized. This is a sizable article, and the Fall of the Ming article was cut from the overlong Ming Dynasty article, which means it has potential for growth. Which isn't to say we shouldn't revisit the issue in the future if Fall of the Ming remains as it is, because right now there is substantial overlap. But there's no rush. -- Quintucket ( talk) 23:25, 28 January 2012 (UTC)
http://www.jstor.org/stable/29737987
http://books.google.com/books?id=Nn_61ts-hQwC&pg=PA78#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://www.enotes.com/china-text/chapter-ix---manchu-conquest-china
Rajmaan ( talk) 19:09, 12 December 2012 (UTC)
A Short History of China: Being an Account for the General Reader of an ... By Demetrius Charles de Kavanagh Boulger
http://books.google.com/books?id=wlg_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA121#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=gAIcwz3V_JsC&pg=PA180#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=QXHbhsfaJAYC&pg=PA148&dq=To+win+the+support+and+cooperation+of+Ming+generals+in+Liaodong,+Nurhaci+gave+them+Aisin+Gioro+women+as+wives.+In+1618,+before+he+attacked+Fushun+city,+he+promised+the+Ming+general+defending+the+city+a+woman+from+the+Aisin+Gioro+clan&hl=en&ei=O-ChToi7Jsn20gHW4ayvCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=To%20win%20the%20support%20and%20cooperation%20of%20Ming%20generals%20in%20Liaodong%2C%20Nurhaci%20gave%20them%20Aisin%20Gioro%20women%20as%20wives.%20In%201618%2C%20before%20he%20attacked%20Fushun%20city%2C%20he%20promised%20the%20Ming%20general%20defending%20the%20city%20a%20woman%20from%20the%20Aisin%20Gioro%20clan&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=QXHbhsfaJAYC&pg=PA148&dq=To+win+the+support+and+cooperation+of+Ming+generals+in+Liaodong,+Nurhaci+gave+them+Aisin+Gioro+women+as+wives.+In+1618,+before+he+attacked+Fushun+city,+he+promised+the+Ming+general+defending+the+city+a+woman+from+the+Aisin+Gioro+clan&hl=en&ei=O-ChToi7Jsn20gHW4ayvCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwA#v=onepage&q=To%20win%20the%20support%20and%20cooperation%20of%20Ming%20generals%20in%20Liaodong%2C%20Nurhaci%20gave%20them%20Aisin%20Gioro%20women%20as%20wives.%20In%201618%2C%20before%20he%20attacked%20Fushun%20city%2C%20he%20promised%20the%20Ming%20general%20defending%20the%20city%20a%20woman%20from%20the%20Aisin%20Gioro%20clan&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=ORBmFSFcJKoC&pg=PA79&dq=Li+was+made+a+banner+general,+was+given+gifts+of+slaves+and+serfs,+and+was+betrothed+to+a+young+woman+of+the+Aisin+Gioro+clan.+Although+Li's+surrender+at+the+time+was+exceptional,+his+integration+into+the+Manchu+elite+was+only+the+first&hl=en&ei=WuGhTtyJO6Lx0gHC16WfBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Li%20was%20made%20a%20banner%20general%2C%20was%20given%20gifts%20of%20slaves%20and%20serfs%2C%20and%20was%20betrothed%20to%20a%20young%20woman%20of%20the%20Aisin%20Gioro%20clan.%20Although%20Li's%20surrender%20at%20the%20time%20was%20exceptional%2C%20his%20integration%20into%20the%20Manchu%20elite%20was%20only%20the%20first&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=ORBmFSFcJKoC&pg=PA79&dq=Li+was+made+a+banner+general,+was+given+gifts+of+slaves+and+serfs,+and+was+betrothed+to+a+young+woman+of+the+Aisin+Gioro+clan.+Although+Li#v=onepage&q=Li%20was%20made%20a%20banner%20general%2C%20was%20given%20gifts%20of%20slaves%20and%20serfs%2C%20and%20was%20betrothed%20to%20a%20young%20woman%20of%20the%20Aisin%20Gioro%20clan.%20Although%20Li&f=false
https://books.google.com/books?id=g-xBAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA132#v=onepage&q&f=false
References
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Title 洋縣(陝西)志: 8卷 洋縣(陝西)志: 8卷, 洋縣(陝西)志: 8卷 Author 張鵬翼 Published 1898 Original from Harvard University Digitized Aug 22, 2008
Title 皇朝藩部要略: 18卷 : 拊表 : 4卷 皇朝藩部要略: 18卷 : 拊表 : 4卷, 祁韻士 Volumes 1-8 of Huang chao fan bu yao lue, Yunshi Qi Author 祁韻士 Publisher 浙江書局, 1884 Original from Harvard University Digitized Aug 15, 2008 Subjects Inner Mongolia (China) Mongolia Tibet (China) Tibet Autonomous Region (China) Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu (China)
Rajmaan ( talk) 22:27, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
References
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A pro ming rebellion lead by muslims against the qing in northwest china
http://books.google.com/books?id=ciShtCrJijIC&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q&f=false
Purblio ( talk) 06:24, 23 October 2012 (UTC)
http://books.google.com/books?id=7D8QAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA329#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=MC6sAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA298#v=onepage&q&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=ciShtCrJijIC&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=MC6sAAAAIAAJ&q=Ming+restorationist#v=onepage&q=Mi%20la%20yin&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=riPEes0xs-YC&pg=PA410&dq=Ming+restorationist+mi-la-yin&hl=en&sa=X&ei=aD2fUMPGINKB0AGdj4GgAw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=riPEes0xs-YC&pg=PA410&dq=Ming+restoration+mi-la-yin&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qD2fUPfWLcXZ0QH18YGwCw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false
Rajmaan ( talk) 04:58, 28 December 2012 (UTC)
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Rajmaan ( talk) 15:59, 30 December 2012 (UTC)
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I don't like the word "conquest" in the title. As you can read from the article, the Manchus were invited into China by a Ming general after he heard that the emperor commited suicide. Depending on how you see it, one could say that the Manchus did not conquer China like the Mongols conquered the Jin dynasty because they were invited to take control. After the Qing dynasty was established, the subsequent wars against Chinese generals in the south was waged by using Manchu and Chinese soldiers and could be interpreted as crushing down rebellion. Besides the Qing dynasty was a legitimite succession of the Ming dynasty. I do understand people, who would call it "conquest". But I'm trying to say: you cannot objectively name it "conquest" for sure. If no one objects, I will adapt the title and text accordingly. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Habahaba1234 ( talk • contribs) 22:44, 14 September 2012 (UTC)
"The Muslim's Loyal Trio" are the tombs of Ming loyalist Muslims who were martyred while fighting in battle against the Qing in Guangzhou.
http://books.google.com/books?id=vWLRxJEU49EC&pg=PA306#v=onepage&q&f=false
Rajmaan ( talk) 00:28, 20 May 2013 (UTC)
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https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Qing_conquest_of_South_Ming_territories.svg
Rajmaan ( talk) 04:33, 26 July 2014 (UTC)
References
http://library.uoregon.edu/ec/e-asia/read/williams-3.pdf
Rajmaan ( talk) 21:02, 13 August 2014 (UTC)
Rajmaan ( talk) 23:26, 22 January 2015 (UTC)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
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Cheers.— cyberbot II Talk to my owner:Online 19:29, 24 May 2016 (UTC)
Hi halfway through this article someone has added a 'Qing timeline' which is great but the format messes up the nearby text and spoils the page layout. Does anyone know how to fix this so the timeline sits in the right and the text sits in the normal position? Thanks Mccapra ( talk) 16:58, 13 May 2017 (UTC)
I've cut the material below out of the article because it is about the Qing dynasty in general and not about the conquest of the Ming. Other editors may want to use some of it in other articles. Mccapra ( talk) 05:21, 14 May 2017 (UTC)
The Kangxi Emperor used the Zheng family's knowledge of sea warfare to seize the town of Albazin on the Amur River from Russia in 1685, giving the Manchus control of all the area south of the river. By 1689, a peace treaty ( Treaty of Nerchinsk) had been successfully signed between the Qing and the Russian court, which would last for about two centuries.
Finally, the Kangxi Emperor reinforced the Manchu-dominated Manchu-Mongol alliance relationship
[1] between Manchu and
Khalkha Mongols and defeated the challenge to his legitimacy as
Mongol Great Khan
[2] by
Dzungar Tribe from
Oirats Mongols. The war was started by the prince of the
Dzungar tribe attacking
Khalkha Mongols princes with the intention to conquer Khalkha Mongols and possibly to further proclaim him as the Great Khan over Mongolian tribes. Kangxi Emperor, as the Chinese Emperor and also the Great Khan of Mongols (ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ
ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ,Богд хаан),led 80,000 armies himself and marched south of Ulaanbaatar to engage the Dzungars. In a brief engagement, the Dzungars armies were pounded by cannon fire and routed. Galdan died one year later.Through the final victory over Dzungars and Galdan's descendants, Kangxi Emperor proclaimed Manchu Royal House as the legitimate ruler over Oriats Mongols tribes and their lands.
The Qing's series of victories over Oirats Mongols Tribes and Khanates completed the Kangxi Emperor's northern expedition. Before the emperor's death in 1722, he expanded and stabilized the territorial boundaries of his empire to cover all the previous Oirats Mongols' khannates including Tibet(territory of Khoshut Khanate). His successors further campaigned and defeated several rebellions of other non-Mongolian tribes in Qinghai and Xinjiang. By the end of the 18th century, the Qing dynasty had reached its largest territorial extent, considered one of the largest empires ever in history. In addition, many neighboring countries, such as Korea and Vietnam, were listed as its tributary states.
In 1725 the Yongzheng Emperor bestowed the hereditary title of Hou (侯, the 2nd rank hereditary title for all non-royal family noblemen, and at a similar rank as "Marquis" in European hereditary titles) on a descendant of the Ming dynasty Imperial family, Zhu Zhiliang, who received a salary from the Qing government and whose duty was to perform rituals at the Ming tombs, and was also inducted the Chinese Plain White Banner in the Eight Banners. Later the Qianlong Emperor bestowed the title Marquis of Extended Grace posthumously on Zhu Zhuliang in 1750, and the title passed on through twelve generations of Ming descendants until the end of the Qing dynasty.
The Qing dynasty had weakened by European Colonialism and imperialism, as well as the new threat of rising Japan, after the mid-19th century, with which stimulates the growth of Anti-Qing sentiment among the populace. The populace blame Qing government for having inhibited Chinese industrialization, causing it to fall severely behind the West and being increasingly colonized. The Revolutionists (mainly of Han ethnicity) started to grow and organized overseas (in Indonesia, Japan and Los Angels in U.S, where Chinese immigrants or overseas students centered), and among whom they are increasingly fueled by Qing conquest theory invented by Japan historians, although this idea is strongly politically-oriented and served as the theoretical foundation for Japan's Continental Policy. The Wuchang Uprising of 1911 overthrew the Qing, and Puyi, the last reigning Manchu emperor, officially abdicated the following year. The new Chinese Republic was also established in the same year, ending the over two thousand years of imperial rule in Chinese history. In Guangzhou, the national monuments known as "The Muslim's Loyal Trio" are the tombs of Qing loyalist Muslims who were martyred while fighting in battle against the Republic of China in Guangzhou. [3]
References
The result of the move request was: moved. ( closed by page mover) Sky Warrior 17:27, 14 December 2017 (UTC)
Qing conquest of the Ming → Transition from Ming to Qing – I'm proposing a similar title to Transition from Sui to Tang. The current title is historically inaccurate for many reasons. The Ming dynasty officially ended on 25 April 1644 when the Chongzhen Emperor killed himself, but his suicide was a direct result of agrarian rebels under Li Zicheng ( Shun dynasty) reaching Beijing. The current title is misleading for suggesting that the Qing dynasty destroyed the Ming dynasty, when in fact this is only half-true. Most of the article actually talks about the Qing dynasty after 1644 as they battled the Shun rebels (e.g. Battle of Shanhai Pass); warlords that should not be considered "Ming" in any way (i.e. Revolt of the Three Feudatories); as well as Southern Ming/ Kingdom of Tungning troops which claimed to be Ming loyalists but are historically not considered part of The Ming dynasty. The article does talk about (briefly) some of the battles from 1619–1644, but the Qing dynasty was not established until 1636: prior to that year the Manchu state was the Later Jin (1616–1636). Timmyshin ( talk) 23:12, 6 December 2017 (UTC)
This is an archive of past discussions. Do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the current talk page. |
Archive 1 | Archive 2 | Archive 3 |
Hi there. There is no detailed account of the Manchu conquest anywhere on the Wiki, so this page is a very welcome addition. Thank you to the creator of this page! Just a few points:
There's also a lot to add, but that's normal for a work in progress. In any case, good job so far! Cheers, Madalibi ( talk) 01:16, 14 November 2011 (UTC)
As stated above, WP:TITLEFORMAT says that common nouns should not be capitalized in titles. "Conquest" is a common noun, and as far as I know, the "Manchu conquest" has not been treated as a proper noun when used as a compound (see also this ngram. Since I can't move the page over the redirect at Manchu conquest, let me invite an admin to perform the move. Cheers, Madalibi ( talk) 10:41, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
Since this isn't really discussed, except haphazardly, I would like to say that for now I don't favor merging this article with Fall of the Ming Dynasty. Well, not for now. It's not that there's not a lot of overlap, but before the conquest, the Manchus were organizing a state and the Ming were having troubles keeping theirs organized. This is a sizable article, and the Fall of the Ming article was cut from the overlong Ming Dynasty article, which means it has potential for growth. Which isn't to say we shouldn't revisit the issue in the future if Fall of the Ming remains as it is, because right now there is substantial overlap. But there's no rush. -- Quintucket ( talk) 23:25, 28 January 2012 (UTC)
http://www.jstor.org/stable/29737987
http://books.google.com/books?id=Nn_61ts-hQwC&pg=PA78#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://www.enotes.com/china-text/chapter-ix---manchu-conquest-china
Rajmaan ( talk) 19:09, 12 December 2012 (UTC)
A Short History of China: Being an Account for the General Reader of an ... By Demetrius Charles de Kavanagh Boulger
http://books.google.com/books?id=wlg_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA121#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=gAIcwz3V_JsC&pg=PA180#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=QXHbhsfaJAYC&pg=PA148&dq=To+win+the+support+and+cooperation+of+Ming+generals+in+Liaodong,+Nurhaci+gave+them+Aisin+Gioro+women+as+wives.+In+1618,+before+he+attacked+Fushun+city,+he+promised+the+Ming+general+defending+the+city+a+woman+from+the+Aisin+Gioro+clan&hl=en&ei=O-ChToi7Jsn20gHW4ayvCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=To%20win%20the%20support%20and%20cooperation%20of%20Ming%20generals%20in%20Liaodong%2C%20Nurhaci%20gave%20them%20Aisin%20Gioro%20women%20as%20wives.%20In%201618%2C%20before%20he%20attacked%20Fushun%20city%2C%20he%20promised%20the%20Ming%20general%20defending%20the%20city%20a%20woman%20from%20the%20Aisin%20Gioro%20clan&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=QXHbhsfaJAYC&pg=PA148&dq=To+win+the+support+and+cooperation+of+Ming+generals+in+Liaodong,+Nurhaci+gave+them+Aisin+Gioro+women+as+wives.+In+1618,+before+he+attacked+Fushun+city,+he+promised+the+Ming+general+defending+the+city+a+woman+from+the+Aisin+Gioro+clan&hl=en&ei=O-ChToi7Jsn20gHW4ayvCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwA#v=onepage&q=To%20win%20the%20support%20and%20cooperation%20of%20Ming%20generals%20in%20Liaodong%2C%20Nurhaci%20gave%20them%20Aisin%20Gioro%20women%20as%20wives.%20In%201618%2C%20before%20he%20attacked%20Fushun%20city%2C%20he%20promised%20the%20Ming%20general%20defending%20the%20city%20a%20woman%20from%20the%20Aisin%20Gioro%20clan&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=ORBmFSFcJKoC&pg=PA79&dq=Li+was+made+a+banner+general,+was+given+gifts+of+slaves+and+serfs,+and+was+betrothed+to+a+young+woman+of+the+Aisin+Gioro+clan.+Although+Li's+surrender+at+the+time+was+exceptional,+his+integration+into+the+Manchu+elite+was+only+the+first&hl=en&ei=WuGhTtyJO6Lx0gHC16WfBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Li%20was%20made%20a%20banner%20general%2C%20was%20given%20gifts%20of%20slaves%20and%20serfs%2C%20and%20was%20betrothed%20to%20a%20young%20woman%20of%20the%20Aisin%20Gioro%20clan.%20Although%20Li's%20surrender%20at%20the%20time%20was%20exceptional%2C%20his%20integration%20into%20the%20Manchu%20elite%20was%20only%20the%20first&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=ORBmFSFcJKoC&pg=PA79&dq=Li+was+made+a+banner+general,+was+given+gifts+of+slaves+and+serfs,+and+was+betrothed+to+a+young+woman+of+the+Aisin+Gioro+clan.+Although+Li#v=onepage&q=Li%20was%20made%20a%20banner%20general%2C%20was%20given%20gifts%20of%20slaves%20and%20serfs%2C%20and%20was%20betrothed%20to%20a%20young%20woman%20of%20the%20Aisin%20Gioro%20clan.%20Although%20Li&f=false
https://books.google.com/books?id=g-xBAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA132#v=onepage&q&f=false
References
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timestamp mismatch; 24 June 2009 suggested (
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Title 洋縣(陝西)志: 8卷 洋縣(陝西)志: 8卷, 洋縣(陝西)志: 8卷 Author 張鵬翼 Published 1898 Original from Harvard University Digitized Aug 22, 2008
Title 皇朝藩部要略: 18卷 : 拊表 : 4卷 皇朝藩部要略: 18卷 : 拊表 : 4卷, 祁韻士 Volumes 1-8 of Huang chao fan bu yao lue, Yunshi Qi Author 祁韻士 Publisher 浙江書局, 1884 Original from Harvard University Digitized Aug 15, 2008 Subjects Inner Mongolia (China) Mongolia Tibet (China) Tibet Autonomous Region (China) Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu (China)
Rajmaan ( talk) 22:27, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
References
{{
cite book}}
: |volume=
has extra text (
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A pro ming rebellion lead by muslims against the qing in northwest china
http://books.google.com/books?id=ciShtCrJijIC&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q&f=false
Purblio ( talk) 06:24, 23 October 2012 (UTC)
http://books.google.com/books?id=7D8QAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA329#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=MC6sAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA298#v=onepage&q&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=ciShtCrJijIC&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=MC6sAAAAIAAJ&q=Ming+restorationist#v=onepage&q=Mi%20la%20yin&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=riPEes0xs-YC&pg=PA410&dq=Ming+restorationist+mi-la-yin&hl=en&sa=X&ei=aD2fUMPGINKB0AGdj4GgAw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=riPEes0xs-YC&pg=PA410&dq=Ming+restoration+mi-la-yin&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qD2fUPfWLcXZ0QH18YGwCw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false
Rajmaan ( talk) 04:58, 28 December 2012 (UTC)
References
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Rajmaan ( talk) 15:59, 30 December 2012 (UTC)
References
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I don't like the word "conquest" in the title. As you can read from the article, the Manchus were invited into China by a Ming general after he heard that the emperor commited suicide. Depending on how you see it, one could say that the Manchus did not conquer China like the Mongols conquered the Jin dynasty because they were invited to take control. After the Qing dynasty was established, the subsequent wars against Chinese generals in the south was waged by using Manchu and Chinese soldiers and could be interpreted as crushing down rebellion. Besides the Qing dynasty was a legitimite succession of the Ming dynasty. I do understand people, who would call it "conquest". But I'm trying to say: you cannot objectively name it "conquest" for sure. If no one objects, I will adapt the title and text accordingly. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Habahaba1234 ( talk • contribs) 22:44, 14 September 2012 (UTC)
"The Muslim's Loyal Trio" are the tombs of Ming loyalist Muslims who were martyred while fighting in battle against the Qing in Guangzhou.
http://books.google.com/books?id=vWLRxJEU49EC&pg=PA306#v=onepage&q&f=false
Rajmaan ( talk) 00:28, 20 May 2013 (UTC)
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https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Qing_conquest_of_South_Ming_territories.svg
Rajmaan ( talk) 04:33, 26 July 2014 (UTC)
References
http://library.uoregon.edu/ec/e-asia/read/williams-3.pdf
Rajmaan ( talk) 21:02, 13 August 2014 (UTC)
Rajmaan ( talk) 23:26, 22 January 2015 (UTC)
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Hi halfway through this article someone has added a 'Qing timeline' which is great but the format messes up the nearby text and spoils the page layout. Does anyone know how to fix this so the timeline sits in the right and the text sits in the normal position? Thanks Mccapra ( talk) 16:58, 13 May 2017 (UTC)
I've cut the material below out of the article because it is about the Qing dynasty in general and not about the conquest of the Ming. Other editors may want to use some of it in other articles. Mccapra ( talk) 05:21, 14 May 2017 (UTC)
The Kangxi Emperor used the Zheng family's knowledge of sea warfare to seize the town of Albazin on the Amur River from Russia in 1685, giving the Manchus control of all the area south of the river. By 1689, a peace treaty ( Treaty of Nerchinsk) had been successfully signed between the Qing and the Russian court, which would last for about two centuries.
Finally, the Kangxi Emperor reinforced the Manchu-dominated Manchu-Mongol alliance relationship
[1] between Manchu and
Khalkha Mongols and defeated the challenge to his legitimacy as
Mongol Great Khan
[2] by
Dzungar Tribe from
Oirats Mongols. The war was started by the prince of the
Dzungar tribe attacking
Khalkha Mongols princes with the intention to conquer Khalkha Mongols and possibly to further proclaim him as the Great Khan over Mongolian tribes. Kangxi Emperor, as the Chinese Emperor and also the Great Khan of Mongols (ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ
ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ,Богд хаан),led 80,000 armies himself and marched south of Ulaanbaatar to engage the Dzungars. In a brief engagement, the Dzungars armies were pounded by cannon fire and routed. Galdan died one year later.Through the final victory over Dzungars and Galdan's descendants, Kangxi Emperor proclaimed Manchu Royal House as the legitimate ruler over Oriats Mongols tribes and their lands.
The Qing's series of victories over Oirats Mongols Tribes and Khanates completed the Kangxi Emperor's northern expedition. Before the emperor's death in 1722, he expanded and stabilized the territorial boundaries of his empire to cover all the previous Oirats Mongols' khannates including Tibet(territory of Khoshut Khanate). His successors further campaigned and defeated several rebellions of other non-Mongolian tribes in Qinghai and Xinjiang. By the end of the 18th century, the Qing dynasty had reached its largest territorial extent, considered one of the largest empires ever in history. In addition, many neighboring countries, such as Korea and Vietnam, were listed as its tributary states.
In 1725 the Yongzheng Emperor bestowed the hereditary title of Hou (侯, the 2nd rank hereditary title for all non-royal family noblemen, and at a similar rank as "Marquis" in European hereditary titles) on a descendant of the Ming dynasty Imperial family, Zhu Zhiliang, who received a salary from the Qing government and whose duty was to perform rituals at the Ming tombs, and was also inducted the Chinese Plain White Banner in the Eight Banners. Later the Qianlong Emperor bestowed the title Marquis of Extended Grace posthumously on Zhu Zhuliang in 1750, and the title passed on through twelve generations of Ming descendants until the end of the Qing dynasty.
The Qing dynasty had weakened by European Colonialism and imperialism, as well as the new threat of rising Japan, after the mid-19th century, with which stimulates the growth of Anti-Qing sentiment among the populace. The populace blame Qing government for having inhibited Chinese industrialization, causing it to fall severely behind the West and being increasingly colonized. The Revolutionists (mainly of Han ethnicity) started to grow and organized overseas (in Indonesia, Japan and Los Angels in U.S, where Chinese immigrants or overseas students centered), and among whom they are increasingly fueled by Qing conquest theory invented by Japan historians, although this idea is strongly politically-oriented and served as the theoretical foundation for Japan's Continental Policy. The Wuchang Uprising of 1911 overthrew the Qing, and Puyi, the last reigning Manchu emperor, officially abdicated the following year. The new Chinese Republic was also established in the same year, ending the over two thousand years of imperial rule in Chinese history. In Guangzhou, the national monuments known as "The Muslim's Loyal Trio" are the tombs of Qing loyalist Muslims who were martyred while fighting in battle against the Republic of China in Guangzhou. [3]
References
The result of the move request was: moved. ( closed by page mover) Sky Warrior 17:27, 14 December 2017 (UTC)
Qing conquest of the Ming → Transition from Ming to Qing – I'm proposing a similar title to Transition from Sui to Tang. The current title is historically inaccurate for many reasons. The Ming dynasty officially ended on 25 April 1644 when the Chongzhen Emperor killed himself, but his suicide was a direct result of agrarian rebels under Li Zicheng ( Shun dynasty) reaching Beijing. The current title is misleading for suggesting that the Qing dynasty destroyed the Ming dynasty, when in fact this is only half-true. Most of the article actually talks about the Qing dynasty after 1644 as they battled the Shun rebels (e.g. Battle of Shanhai Pass); warlords that should not be considered "Ming" in any way (i.e. Revolt of the Three Feudatories); as well as Southern Ming/ Kingdom of Tungning troops which claimed to be Ming loyalists but are historically not considered part of The Ming dynasty. The article does talk about (briefly) some of the battles from 1619–1644, but the Qing dynasty was not established until 1636: prior to that year the Manchu state was the Later Jin (1616–1636). Timmyshin ( talk) 23:12, 6 December 2017 (UTC)