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Article changed over to new Wikipedia:WikiProject Elements format by maveric149. Elementbox converted 12:19, 10 July 2005 by Femto (previous revision was that of 14:08, 9 July 2005).
WTF. Will someone please get rid of the image on the page. Vandalism. Goddamn. -DWRZ 02:05, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
This section seems wrong. The radiogenic Pb202 should be counted in the unstable istopes ? It would be nice to say what decay generates Pb202. Why does it claim there are only 3 unstable isotopes ? does it mean naturally occuring, or created artificially by some date long ago ? Rod57 ( talk) 01:06, 23 May 2008 (UTC)
Would someone please add a section showing how lead is actually created? I'm a lay person and all I gathered from this article is that lead "occurs naturally, but is rare." I would like some more information 69.138.74.116 ( talk) 04:09, 17 March 2008 (UTC)
Fusion in stars made all the atoms up to Uranium. We dont have any reason to think that all the lead had to be made from decay of uranium. 202.92.40.8 ( talk) 11:48, 28 December 2008 (UTC)
Some of the text in this entry was rewritten from Los Alamos National Laboratory - Lead. Additional text was taken directly from USGS Lead Statistics and Information, USGS Periodic Table - Lead, from the Elements database 20001107 (via dict.org), Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) (via dict.org) and WordNet (r) 1.7 (via dict.org). Data for the table was obtained from the sources listed on the main page and Wikipedia:WikiProject Elements but was reformatted and converted into SI units.
there are many reason to why metals have changed over the years.what do u think happend to pencil lead and why?
"This true metal is highly resistant to corrosion" Are you sure that this is true? Lead has a rather negative reduction potential and is easily attacked by Oxygen... Its resistance to Sulfuric Acid is only due to the insolubility of PbSO4! --malbi
"Lead is the fourth most widely used metal after aluminium, copper and zinc." Isn't iron more widely used than lead? The article on iron says that it's the most common metal in the universe, and the article on aluminum says "Whether measured in terms of quantity or value, aluminium's use exceeds that of any other metal except iron", which would put iron at the top, then. -- Arteitle 07:42, 2 Aug 2003 (UTC)
That also depends on what you mean with "metal" - if you include salts, Calcium or even Sodium might have good chances as well...
By all means, if you think something is wrong then fix it -- All I know was from the sources I cite above (which may be wrong) and I also incorporated a good deal of text that was here before the conversion. -- mav 23:55, 3 Aug 2003 (UTC)
The isotope table in the article notes that isotope 204 has a half-life of ">1.4E17 years". This seems to indicate that the isotope is not stable, according to my understanding of the term; yet the textual section on "Isotopes" indicates that lead has 4 stable isotopes, including 204. This seems inconsistent.
For comparison, I note that a determination that bismuth isotope 209 was determined to be "not stable after all" at a half life of 1.9E19 years.
The article doesn't seem to mention the price of lead. This is an important thing to include. Tannin 10:39, 14 May 2005 (UTC)
Doesn't seem to list any actual precautions that should be taken. -- eyrian
Obviously no-one above has had the experience of finding out that your child has a high blood lead level. I have! Lead toxicity is a serious problem for children under 5 as it lowers IQ. The dangers should not be underplayed. Michael Glass 15:54, 27 April 2006 (UTC)
Can somebody who knows more about it than me add some information on lead as a fuel additive? This is an odd omission. -- WibblyLeMoende
According to the 'pencil lead' article, lead was never used in pencils, but graphite was instead mistaken for lead when it was discovered under a tree. I've read a book about inventions that would corroborate that story, and I somehow doubt lead would make enough of a streak to ever b e used to write with..
The prototypical pencil may have been the ancient Roman stylus, which was a thin metal stick used for scratching on papyrus, often made of lead. The word pencil comes from the Latin word penicillus which means "little tail".
The word plumber comes from lead in Latin (plumbum). In Spanish, lead is plomo, and a plomero is a plumber. All this *leads* me to believe that pipes in old cities are made of lead!!! Are we drinking lead in New York and other cities with old buildings and utilities? Remember, it is said that one of the causes of the Fall of the Roman Empire was a general lead poisoning of its population, which was worst in the ruling class. Is it true that we are eating lead whenever we eat tuna fish or sardines? (maybe in all canned food?) Maybe there is some research about all this. Thanks.
The present article says nothing about
Somebody's changed "smelt" back to "melt". I distinctly remember fixing that, but anonymous edits have been disabled (I can't be stuffed registering for Yet Another Bloody Website Account). Could somebody please change the sentence "It is highly malleable and ductile as well as easy to melt." to "... easy to smelt", as it should be? Ta. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 130.194.11.64 ( talk • contribs) .
I have a bit of a problem with the lead production section: It says (and this is supposedly referenced information) that during roasting the lead sulfide concentrate is converted to metallic lead. Lead concentrate roasting is an oxidative roast. PbS is converted primarily to PbO, and yes some amount of PbSO4 and lead silicates end up in the sinter. I say sinter, because the roasting is normally carried out in a travelling grate sintering machine. I was about to delete and correct the paragraph, but noticed that it's referenced. I don't have access to that (1949) reference. Can someone please check on this for me? I can counter reference my statements above, and I've been in a lead smelter and seen a Dwight-Lloyd sintering maching operating, preparing lead oxide sinter for blast furnace feed. BSMet94 20:21, 1 February 2007 (UTC)
Good collaboration on that little topic! Thanks. BSMet94 04:42, 2 February 2007 (UTC)
I see several Wiki metal articles (Zinc, etc.) mention you can test for the metal by burning a sample of it and viewing the colour of the flame produced.
Does anyone know the colour of flame when burning Lead? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Quatermass ( talk • contribs) 17:46, 27 December 2006 (UTC).
Grown from the local gloucester boxing circuit Simon marcer grew up with the fighting name lead. He thought it was a sign of respect as "hard as Metal". But in fact his lack of knopwledge due to skiving chemistry at school meant he didnt see the irony that lead is the softest metal. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Virtualwaster ( talk • contribs) 10:24, 25 April 2007 (UTC).
There should be a whole article about Lead regulation. Until then, all we seem to have are Lead poisoning and Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive. The main Lead article does not give us figures on total global production/use; we don't know how it is changing annually, over decades. We have been using this known poison for thousands of years. In the US, lead plumbing is still in use, and we are so negligent as to use it to balance the wheels on our cars. How does Europe compare? What organizations are most active against lead hazards?- 69.87.200.233 18:56, 4 September 2007 (UTC)
The regulation section of Lead poisoning should be big enough now to split off into an article. It is easy to find an overwhelming amount of material -- http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/lead/pb_standards2.html is a great place to start. But haven't found any non-US resources yet... And maybe there should be a redirect from Lead toxicity to Lead poisoning?- 69.87.199.214 17:21, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
There must be pollution, danger, and toxicity associated with lead mining and production, currently. But there does not seem to be any info in WP about this. Please add such information.- 69.87.203.198 11:57, 5 September 2007 (UTC)
A paragraph on lead (II) chloride complexes would certainly be a good addition. The graph is unnecessary though. All that is needed is text stating the existence of the complexes and the conditions under which they form. And it all needs have a reference. Karl Hahn ( T) ( C) 18:14, 23 September 2007 (UTC)
Former Analytical Chemist for test lab: environmental and industrial.
1. Usually analyze Lead via Atomic Absorption spectroscopy but occasionally by wet chem methods. Standard wet chem analysis of solder composition was PbFCl titration. Lead has a strong affinity for a single flouride, forming PbF+ which is titrated with Chloride (PbF2 is soluble). The dissociation constant for (PbF+)(Cl-) was on the order of Silver Chloride. Dithizone (1,5-Diphenyl-3-thiocarbazone) method (EPA sw846) for PPM determinations. http://www.woodrow.org/teachers/chemistry/1989/49heavy-metal.html see #4 for how Lead gets into fresh water shellfish. Today environmental Lead by Ion Coupled Plasma (or ICP). 2. Lead Oxide is used in Gold ore assays, much of the PbO subliming in the furnace. http://www.nbmg.unr.edu/comstockscience/fireassaying1.shtml 3. Study of children playing near major roads (High PbO and PbBr2 from combustion of leaded fuel, residue in dirt by roadside). Blood of kids with Parts Per Billion Lead had significant IQ lowering. The "biochemistry of lead poisoning" is an mechanism of gross lead poisoning in adults. The mental damage of heavy metals (Hg, Tl, Pb) in children is different. Interesting that the RoHS thing replaces Lead in solder with Silver which is actually more toxic in adults. 4. Pb3O4 is an oxidizer that was used to protect steel and iron, often used as paint on structural beams and ships (also barnacle protection).
5. to Tannin re: 204 - - - rem Earth is (theor.) 4.5E9 years old. see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_E17_s
20 years ago Pb204 was thought stable, but by rechecking previously previuosly considered stable isotopes with more sensitive instruments very long half lives can be detected. The standard surplus gas tube radiation detector that we had in high school science had a higher tick rate from backround (cosmic rays etc.)than from a sample of depleted Uranium (U238) 4.5E9 yr half-life.
As to differing half lives of isotope 204: I don't have my Chemical Rubber Handbook here, but I'm assuming your errant half life is synthetic Pb204m. The high energy ion bombardment that that is used to form isotopes may leave the isotope formed with excess energy above the ground state. Generally these metastable states emit the excess energy as a gamma photon hence Pb204m >> Pb204 + gamma.
6. add ref to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decay_chain page for origin of Lead isotopes
Shjacks45 04:44, 8 November 2007 (UTC)
This subject is discussed twice, both in the "Uses" and "Phrases" sections. Should it be consolidated? -- Claygate ( talk) 20:39, 22 June 2008 (UTC)
This section seems very out of place to me. It talks about a very specific occurrence of lead, whereas the rest of the occurrence section is much more general, which is they way I think it should be. Is there a different article where this would fit better? Or perhaps it should just be removed outright? Wizard191 ( talk) 23:35, 29 June 2008 (UTC)
Can lead be handled with bare hands? I've just done that and my hands became dirty so I have washed them quite thoroughly with water, and now I'm worried. ... Rfwoolf ( talk) 14:46, 31 August 2008 (UTC)
It would be useful to have a section added to the lead poisoning article dealing with this issue. My understanding (but without certain knowledge) is that handling clean lead is probably harmless. If the "dirt" was actually corroded lead, you need to take steps to ensure that you do not ingest it, such as thoroughly washing your hands (not merely rinsing them). However, I am not an expert and my advice may be unreliable. Peterkingiron ( talk) 15:15, 31 August 2008 (UTC)
I think it is important to include information on the health effects of lead in this article as well. Lead poisoning is a specific disorder, and that is very distinct from the subclinical effects of lead. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.240.79.165 ( talk) 11:13, 16 January 2009 (UTC)
The citation entitled "How Long Will It Last?", supposedly backing the fact that lead supplies will run out in 42 years, doesn't seem to actually contain this information. The link to the article online is here:
http://environment.newscientist.com/channel/earth/mg19426051.200-earths-natural-wealth-an-audit.html
No info on the 18 years figure either. I'm concerned, because it would seem that if lead supplies are really so short, we would be seeing much broader recycling efforts, since lead production must start declining far before supplies are exhausted. More likely, I would imagine that the 42 year figure refers to the date where lead production will peak. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Zooberman ( talk • contribs) 19:11, 23 September 2008 (UTC)
[15] Some content was removed. Should it be restored? Crystal whacker ( talk) 18:18, 28 December 2008 (UTC)
![]() | This page is an archive of past discussions. Do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the current talk page. |
The comment(s) below were originally left at Talk:Lead/Comments, and are posted here for posterity. Following several discussions in past years, these subpages are now deprecated. The comments may be irrelevant or outdated; if so, please feel free to remove this section.
Needed for B-class:
Needed for B+ to A:
Prior to FAC:
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Last edited at 05:39, 16 February 2009 (UTC). Substituted at 15:14, 1 May 2016 (UTC)
I noticed the section about lead's uses does not mention its widespread use as a radiation shield. All I see is one image of lead bricks with a caption saying they are used for this purpose. I think this common use deserves a dedicated paragraph in the Applications -> Elemental Form section. Ericobnn ( talk) 15:04, 12 December 2013 (UTC)
I don't think the units for density for any of the elements are correct. Density is mass PER unit volume. the "per" means "/" not "•".
eg. ρPb = 11.34 g/cm³.
Maybe the "g•cm³" is a different way to write it, but I think it is confusing. Someone should fix that.
-- Drew.wollman 16:22, 6 September 2007 (UTC)
On the Lead page one of the density values is listed as: 11.34 g*m3 both the unit "m" is wrong (should be cm) and the exponent "3" is wrong (should be -3) I think it should be: 11.34 g*cm-3 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.101.74.40 ( talk) 16:42, 11 April 2009 (UTC)
The use of "Specific heat capacity is incorrect as it is the Molar heat capacity which is given. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.247.38.61 ( talk) 22:21, 19 October 2010 (UTC)
The two comments about Pb or Pb-208 being the "heaviest" non-radioactive element/isotope don't make any sense. The weight (heaviness) of something in a fixed gravitic acceleration is determined by the mass of the item. Presumably what is meant is that Pb has the highest atomic number of any stable element. Many other elements (Au, W, Pt, etc.) have higher densities than Pb. 2601:8:9680:FE:8110:B098:5190:90FD ( talk) 19:50, 8 June 2015 (UTC)
I've been told that lumb is an old word for lead. As a diver I see crates containing lead weight posted lumb for sale but yet there's no mention of it in reference or dictionary links. 87.85.229.34 ( talk) 12:40, 17 March 2009 (UTC)Belinda Gadsby
I added a bit to the section about pencil lead. The article cited actually contradicted the "pencils never contained lead" statement because the Roman pencil was actually made of solid lead. The wooden covering was an innovation to accommodate the use of more fragile graphite, which is preferred to lead because it leaves a darker mark. (Maybe I should add that to the article too?) Paddingtonjbear ( talk) 00:28, 5 December 2009 (UTC)
Pencils doesn't include lead, they include carbon. 58.187.90.251 ( talk) 11:29, 14 March 2010 (UTC)
kkok —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.81.116.98 ( talk) 00:53, 25 April 2011 (UTC)
This section needs a little reworking.
Radioactive elements start on polonium or lead? 58.187.90.251 ( talk) 11:29, 14 March 2010 (UTC)
Especially as the bismuth entry specifically says bismuth's most stable isotope is slightly radioactive with a halt live much greater than the age of the universe, and lead is the element with a highest atomic number with a stable isotope. This seems more relevant to mention in the lead entry than the bismuth one - or both! Holland jon ( talk) 22:28, 27 August 2013 (UTC)
I started an article on lead wool (perhaps named by analogy to steel wool), thin strands of lead used to cold-caulk pipe joints. This seems to have been introduced around 1900 and to have stopped being manufactured around 1980 (educated guesses based on the limited information I could find about two companies with "Lead Wool" in their names. Anyone who can improve that article is encouraged to do so. Eastmain ( talk • contribs) 03:10, 30 March 2010 (UTC)
Under section 1) Characteristics: This section states that a property of lead is that it is ductile. When one follows the ductile hyperlink it is redirected to Ductility. The Ductility section explains by example that "gold is both ductile and malleable, but lead is only malleable". There is a correction or explanation needed to one of these pages or the other by someone who is qualified on the subject matter. Elkfla ( talk) 02:53, 12 May 2010 (UTC)
Lead 208 ion particle beams are used in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) particle accelerator at CERN to study high energy collisions of massive subatomic particles. This research is partly intended to better understand the nature of subatomic matter by producing high enough energy densities to produce massive sub atomic particles such as the theorized Higgs boson. The large nuclear mass of lead makes it suitable for this use.
Would someone with editing privilage please add the "Use in nuclear physics reasearch" above to the lead wiki as it is a technologically significant use of lead. Thank you. A Wikipedia user. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.75.134.164 ( talk) 06:57, 1 October 2010 (UTC)
can the article expand more on that subject, with more in depth details about what happened and what the epa said exactly?
can the article discuss more about who mines/manufactures lead and what companies profit from keeping toxic elements like lead in main stream uses,rather than using safer alternatives, like for manufacture of bullets. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.160.131.17 ( talk) 00:30, 20 October 2010 (UTC)
Some of the lead can stay in your bones for decades; however, some lead can leave your bones and reenter your blood and organs under certain circumstances (e.g., during pregnancy and periods of breast feeding, after a bone is broken, and during advancing age). In adults, about 94% of the total amount of lead in the body is contained in the bones and teeth. About 73% of the lead in children's bodies is stored in their bones. Referenced from ATSDR on January 22, 2011. 72.196.107.224 ( talk) 21:27, 22 January 2011 (UTC)Samantha Mosias
This article contains two different references with the same name:
<ref name="leadorg">{{cite web|url = http://www.ldaint.org/technotes2.htm|title = Primary Lead Refining Technical Notes|publisher = LDA International|accessdate = 7 April 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070322191856/http://www.ldaint.org/technotes2.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 22 March 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="leadorg">{{cite web|url = http://www.infomine.com/commodities/lead.asp|title = Global InfoMine{{ndash}} Lead Mining|publisher = GlobalInfoMine|dateformat = dmy|accessdate = 17 April 2008}}</ref>
Since the article also contains <ref name="leadorg" />
, I'm not sure how to clean this up. Could someone who is familiar with these references fix this issue?
(Thanks to
User:Redrose64, who discovered this issue in response to a question I posted
here.)
GoingBatty (
talk)
17:02, 2 October 2011 (UTC)
Please could we have a citation for the comment "In alchemy, lead was thought to be the oldest metal" Thanks Moebius999 ( talk) 10:53, 11 January 2012 (UTC)
here-- R8R Gtrs ( talk) 15:41, 25 March 2012 (UTC)
Erjablow ( talk) 03:13, 16 May 2012 (UTC)
In the paragraph about the Romans, the word "Roman" appears twice in the same sentence. It would be nice if the title of the link to "Roman Britain" could be changed to just "Britain": The largest preindustrial producer of lead was the Roman economy, with an estimated output per annum of 80,000 t, which was typically won as a by-product of extensive silver smelting. Roman mining activities occurred in Central Europe, Roman Britain, the Balkans, Greece, Asia Minor; Hispania alone accounted for 40% of world production. 193.60.63.224 ( talk) 08:44, 18 May 2012 (UTC)
I personally wouldn't. I don't know how islanders think, but from the depth of the continent the term is more like trying to collect what is now England and Wales (no Scotland). Like using "Korea" for "South Korea"-- R8R Gtrs ( talk) 18:16, 18 May 2012 (UTC)
Perhaps you misunderstood my point. What would you think if the text read thus: Roman mining activities occurred in Roman Central Europe, Roman Britain, the Roman Balkans, Roman Greece, Roman Asia Minor; Roman Hispania ... 193.60.63.224 ( talk) 09:48, 21 May 2012 (UTC)
Do you think it possible that Roman mining activities could take place in non-Roman Britain? I stick by my original suggestion! 193.60.63.224 ( talk) 10:52, 22 May 2012 (UTC)
The graph of production is a wonderful figure and should be displayed large and centered.
Cut the number of Roman lead photos to one. (Lots of images is good, but don't have 3 of the same thing...find other aspects of the article to illustrate.)
Show (and discuss) lead chloride precipitate as an analytical test for lead ions in water. I don't see a good free picture...but get some Wikichemist to make one for you. (A cloudy test tube...or even more spectacular if you can show addition of reagent creating the preciptation.)
Research and add a couple more sentences on tetrathyl lead as a former application.
69.255.27.249 ( talk) 00:20, 17 June 2012 (UTC)
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Reviewer: TonyTheTiger ( talk · contribs) 07:02, 23 June 2012 (UTC)
{{
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, and it's up to Tony to question that.
Materialscientist (
talk)
23:43, 27 June 2012 (UTC)I saw on my school books that the value of lead electronegativity is different depending on th book. I argued with another wikipedian on it.Wikipedia and we compared nine books, four Wikipedias (en. de. fr. & it.) and an encyclopedia. The resulting value was 1,8 (Pauling's scale) and 2,33 is the electronegativity of lead(II) ions. I changed this date from 2,33 to 1,8 in it.Wikipedia, what about en.Wikipedia?
The original discussion is
here (in italian).
Bokuwa (
talk)
10:49, 8 September 2012 (UTC)
Hello! This is a note to let the editors of this article know that File:Lead electrolytic and 1cm3 cube.jpg will be appearing as picture of the day on October 19, 2012. You can view and edit the POTD blurb at Template:POTD/2012-10-19. If this article needs any attention or maintenance, it would be preferable if that could be done before its appearance on the Main Page so Wikipedia doesn't look bad. :) Thanks! — howcheng { chat} 17:26, 17 October 2012 (UTC)
I think that the third sentence in the first paragraph should be "It is considered by many to be a heavy metal." instead of "It is considered by many to be a heavy metals." Xin-Xin W. ( talk) 01:16, 3 December 2012 (UTC)
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The article on lead is missing 'symptoms of lead poisoning'. 92.21.194.214 ( talk) 05:56, 27 August 2013 (UTC)
This section contains a sentence that reads "Lead monosulfide is almost insoluble in water, weak acids, and (NH4)2S/(NH4)2S2 solution is the key for separation of lead from analytical groups I to III ions, tin, arsenic, and antimony." This doesn't make sense grammatically - what is it trying to say? Could someone clarify it? I would do it myself but I can't work it out. PaAt-56 ( talk) 19:46, 4 October 2014 (UTC)
I think I've worked it out - is it trying to say "Lead monosulfide is almost insoluble in water and weak acids, and so use of (NH4)2S/(NH4)2S2 solution is the key to separation of lead from analytical groups I to III ions, tin, arsenic, and antimony."? If so, is this statement true? - and is it too much detail for the article? PaAt-56 ( talk) 10:53, 5 October 2014 (UTC)
Now edited to remove excessive detail and add a citation. PaAt-56 ( talk) 15:15, 14 October 2014 (UTC)
Study reviewing bad cognitive effects of even very small amounts of lead: [ [16]] Linked from this article: [ [17]] 92.24.137.12 ( talk) 17:08, 12 October 2014 (UTC)
Leads reactivity with sulfuric acid seems to be overstated. Lead lined tanks/barrels were once, maybe even still, used for transportation of sulfuric- Rochow and Abel in their monograph on Silicon, Germanium and Lead say that only anhydrous sulfuric attacks lead at normal temperatures, insoluble lead sulfate passivates the surface. Transportation guidelines for shipping specified lead lined containers for sulfuric acid strengths less than 65%. Axiosaurus ( talk) 18:36, 24 January 2015 (UTC)
Can the distinction be made clearer between these two categories of lead compounds? This is slightly cleared in the Lead Poisoning article [ [18]]
This section is dedicated to establishing a plan to improve this article, section by section. Double sharp and I will write the plan; everyone else is very welcome to add comments.
we need some general guideline on whether we should use compound names like "lead(II) oxide" or "lead monoxide"
Maybe it's just me, but I feel I write better when I have some sort of model to follow the outlines of; probably Zn is the most similar FA in terms of history and Ge the most similar in terms of chemistry. Double sharp ( talk) 15:55, 21 August 2015 (UTC)
I want to write comments on this section after every other section has been discussed. But for now, I can't escape the feeling we shouldn't mention how Pb-208 is double magic and thus the heaviest stable nuclide of all: according to the current theory, it should be actually very slightly unstable, but in that case, we also have the ordinary magic Bi-209 with very little instability
Looks more or less ok to me, but I can't escape the feeling we may need more data
This thing needs a copyedit so obviously :(
Where do the carbonates and hydrocarbonates come from? CO2 in the air? All the compounds that cause lead to tarnish, do they all come from the air?
I can't find a thing we're obviosuly missing. DS, if you see anything we're lacking, let me know
Upd: Okay, we're lacking a couple of sentences on ionization energies and elecronegativity
Powdered lead burns... -- from this moment on, does the text belong to this subsection? Should it be moved to the Chemical subsection?
Explain pyrophoritciy in a couple of words?
pb-210 is a trace isotope, so the assumption lead only exists in form of its stable isotopes is false
Merge paras 1 and 2
Does lead react with water in no oxygen is present?
In general, it seems a little wrong to use this format of the Compounds section. It goes into such detail for individual compounds, it's so different than how it was for fluorine. In general, it seems to me we should discuss more about lead itself (in compounds), than the compounds. DS (and anyone), could please re-assure me this format is correct or agree we need a change here?
What we're certainly missing is a subsection dedicated to oxidation states and behavior of lead ions when a lead salt is dissolved
An idea is growing on me we should create a common Inorganic subsection, where we would focus on lead ions and general properties of lead slats, with some material possibly standing out
One more thing, though: Pb(II) is more stable than Pb(IV), but organolead compounds are almost all Pb(IV) for some reason. Double sharp ( talk) 15:34, 2 November 2015 (UTC)
Need to add info about Pb2+ in solutions and properties of lead(II) ions in general, rework reactivity and organolead, and it should be good enough to start adding refs and missing figs--
R8R (
talk)
22:23, 5 November 2015 (UTC)
At the moment, I think we should be okay with this section. @
Double sharp:, pleasae, provide some feedback.--
R8R (
talk)
21:36, 9 November 2015 (UTC)
(Assuming the format and content will be retained)
So A-PbO and B-PbO are cubic and cuboidic?
B-PbO needs impurities to exist? Wow
We may just say PbO2 needs strong oxidizers in order to be obtained
hydroxyplumbates -- ew
Also, is it the same thing as the "plumbites" introduced in the previous para?
Will the reaction still be needed if we change the format?
P.S. We could do with a brief mention of the instability of Pb(OH)2 – PbII does not really want to form simple hydroxides. That is more for the proposed lead-in covering Pb in solution. Of course Pb(OH)4 is unknown. With regard to heavier chalcogenides, PbSe and PbTe do have one interesting property: the colour gets muted as the molecular weight goes up. PbS is black, PbSe is grey, and PbTe is white. PbPo occurs in nature, as Pb is the daughter of all natural Po isotopes. Double sharp ( talk) 16:34, 21 August 2015 (UTC)
Do we really want to tell our readers boring trivial stuff on how to obtain the difluoride? Listing its properties would be a better idea
What's lead hydrofluoride? Pb2+H-F-? Question solved, it is PbF2 * 2.5HF
Coordination number -- not only chemists will read this article, we can explain this without using such complicated terms
No mention of plumbane and its instability? Gives you a free one to tie in to the trend down group 14. You can also reinforce this thread to the reader by mentioning the stability order for halides: PbX2 > PbX4, and CX2 << SiX2 < GeX2 < SnX2 < PbX2. The trend down group 14 is particularly important for Pb after all, being the heaviest useful member of the group. Double sharp ( talk) 16:26, 21 August 2015 (UTC)
Seriously no mention of metal clusters and the polyplumbide cluster ions? Double sharp ( talk) 16:35, 21 August 2015 (UTC)
we may leave Theoderic out, I guess? (who is that, you may ask if you're not all that into Roman history) or we may use dates instead of names for specifying time periods
the graph is not a correct representation of what is given in the source, it doesn't show info for every century
"Further evidence of the threat lead posed to a human organisms..." - this is the first sentence in the last paragraph of the History section; needs to be corrected. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.231.112.193 ( talk) 06:58, 21 April 2016 (UTC)
(First of all, this section should be split to a subsection of Characteristics, named Occurrence (based on the content before the subheaders), and the rest of this section should become a separate Production section)
how many ppm in space/on Earth/in soil/in seawater? how much Pb in absolute numbers?
say how Pb is a chalcophile (actually, give zinc a look when writing this)
(this subheader is for the info that will form the new Production section)
in 42 years -- as of when?
18 years --- same
Ancient lead special use -- belongs elsewhere, possibly to Applications
(seems good in general on my first look)
It does not have the weight-to-volume ratio of many heavy metals, but its low cost increases its use in these and other applications. -- move one para up
we certainly don't need the cathode and anode reactions!
Lead, or sheet-lead -- what's the difference? is the latter just an industry-specific name for lead?
If we don't add any further mentionings of polyvinyl chloride, then we won't need the "(PVC)"
(In general, this looks good, except for some random para breaks, but we'll need to check some literature anyway)
How much Pb will kill you?
"1 μg/g" or "10−5 relative"?
The component limit of lead (1.0 μg/g) is a test benchmark for pharmaceuticals, representing the maximum daily intake an individual should have -- move up the para
Something is wrong here. Darsie42 ( talk) 22:21, 1 November 2015 (UTC)
The reason is that for Tl and Pb, electronegativity actually changes significantly with the oxidation state. Taking the more stable Pb(II) gives the 1.87 value that nicely conforms to periodic trends; taking the less stable Pb(IV) gives the 2.33 value. Double sharp ( talk) 03:35, 13 November 2015 (UTC)
Mmm, yeah, I completely forgot about that :) thanks! I'll rework that sometime later-- R8R ( talk) 13:25, 13 November 2015 (UTC)
Our infobox lists some half-life experimental limitations for stable isotopes; where do they come from?-- R8R ( talk) 14:25, 18 November 2015 (UTC)
Double sharp, please help me with a second opinion. What do we need to improve in the current Bulk section properties?-- R8R ( talk) 16:34, 23 November 2015 (UTC)
WebElements does have it, but this figures need a better backup -- http://www.webelements.com/lead/geology.html -- R8R ( talk) 10:44, 3 December 2015 (UTC)
[19]: "Julius Caesar, for example, managed to father only one child, even though he enjoyed women as much as he enjoyed wine. His successor, Caesar Augustus, was reported to be completely sterile. Some scholars suggest that lead could have been the culprit for the condition of both men and a contributing factor to the fall of the Roman Empire. A form of lead intoxication known as saturnine gout takes its name from ancient Rome. Saturn was a demonic god, a gloomy and sluggish figure who ate his own children. The Romans noticed similarities between symptoms of this disorder and the irritable god, and named the disease after him. Scientists have since learned that while there are similarities between saturnine gout and primary gout, such as elevated blood uric acid levels, these are in fact two distinct diseases that could not have been cured."-- R8R ( talk) 20:43, 7 February 2016 (UTC)
The source does not say what products the reaction would yield. I think it would be PbO2 + 4HCl -> PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O, but in any case it's not all that important for the story and won't be mentioned.-- R8R ( talk) 12:44, 13 February 2016 (UTC)
Lead has been mined in Africa in the pre-colonial times, although exact dates are missing because there are no written sources of the mining, and there is only oral documentation and direct evidences of mining. Lead has been mined in the Congo basin(pp.130-131) and the Benue Trough(p.85). Peoples of eastern, south-eastern, and southern Africa are well known to exercise wire drawing.(p.105) In Kongo, people used lead for smelting—which proved to be a socially high activity—for both mechanical properties of the alloys and trading, as well as a currency.(pp.131-133) https://books.google.ru/books?id=oMgkHFiBTMEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=ancient+african+metallurgy&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjm-cG6g_nKAhXk8XIKHZT8DV4Q6AEIJTAA#v=onepage&q=lead&f=false
Done-- R8R ( talk) 13:35, 15 February 2016 (UTC)
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Article changed over to new Wikipedia:WikiProject Elements format by maveric149. Elementbox converted 12:19, 10 July 2005 by Femto (previous revision was that of 14:08, 9 July 2005).
WTF. Will someone please get rid of the image on the page. Vandalism. Goddamn. -DWRZ 02:05, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
This section seems wrong. The radiogenic Pb202 should be counted in the unstable istopes ? It would be nice to say what decay generates Pb202. Why does it claim there are only 3 unstable isotopes ? does it mean naturally occuring, or created artificially by some date long ago ? Rod57 ( talk) 01:06, 23 May 2008 (UTC)
Would someone please add a section showing how lead is actually created? I'm a lay person and all I gathered from this article is that lead "occurs naturally, but is rare." I would like some more information 69.138.74.116 ( talk) 04:09, 17 March 2008 (UTC)
Fusion in stars made all the atoms up to Uranium. We dont have any reason to think that all the lead had to be made from decay of uranium. 202.92.40.8 ( talk) 11:48, 28 December 2008 (UTC)
Some of the text in this entry was rewritten from Los Alamos National Laboratory - Lead. Additional text was taken directly from USGS Lead Statistics and Information, USGS Periodic Table - Lead, from the Elements database 20001107 (via dict.org), Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) (via dict.org) and WordNet (r) 1.7 (via dict.org). Data for the table was obtained from the sources listed on the main page and Wikipedia:WikiProject Elements but was reformatted and converted into SI units.
there are many reason to why metals have changed over the years.what do u think happend to pencil lead and why?
"This true metal is highly resistant to corrosion" Are you sure that this is true? Lead has a rather negative reduction potential and is easily attacked by Oxygen... Its resistance to Sulfuric Acid is only due to the insolubility of PbSO4! --malbi
"Lead is the fourth most widely used metal after aluminium, copper and zinc." Isn't iron more widely used than lead? The article on iron says that it's the most common metal in the universe, and the article on aluminum says "Whether measured in terms of quantity or value, aluminium's use exceeds that of any other metal except iron", which would put iron at the top, then. -- Arteitle 07:42, 2 Aug 2003 (UTC)
That also depends on what you mean with "metal" - if you include salts, Calcium or even Sodium might have good chances as well...
By all means, if you think something is wrong then fix it -- All I know was from the sources I cite above (which may be wrong) and I also incorporated a good deal of text that was here before the conversion. -- mav 23:55, 3 Aug 2003 (UTC)
The isotope table in the article notes that isotope 204 has a half-life of ">1.4E17 years". This seems to indicate that the isotope is not stable, according to my understanding of the term; yet the textual section on "Isotopes" indicates that lead has 4 stable isotopes, including 204. This seems inconsistent.
For comparison, I note that a determination that bismuth isotope 209 was determined to be "not stable after all" at a half life of 1.9E19 years.
The article doesn't seem to mention the price of lead. This is an important thing to include. Tannin 10:39, 14 May 2005 (UTC)
Doesn't seem to list any actual precautions that should be taken. -- eyrian
Obviously no-one above has had the experience of finding out that your child has a high blood lead level. I have! Lead toxicity is a serious problem for children under 5 as it lowers IQ. The dangers should not be underplayed. Michael Glass 15:54, 27 April 2006 (UTC)
Can somebody who knows more about it than me add some information on lead as a fuel additive? This is an odd omission. -- WibblyLeMoende
According to the 'pencil lead' article, lead was never used in pencils, but graphite was instead mistaken for lead when it was discovered under a tree. I've read a book about inventions that would corroborate that story, and I somehow doubt lead would make enough of a streak to ever b e used to write with..
The prototypical pencil may have been the ancient Roman stylus, which was a thin metal stick used for scratching on papyrus, often made of lead. The word pencil comes from the Latin word penicillus which means "little tail".
The word plumber comes from lead in Latin (plumbum). In Spanish, lead is plomo, and a plomero is a plumber. All this *leads* me to believe that pipes in old cities are made of lead!!! Are we drinking lead in New York and other cities with old buildings and utilities? Remember, it is said that one of the causes of the Fall of the Roman Empire was a general lead poisoning of its population, which was worst in the ruling class. Is it true that we are eating lead whenever we eat tuna fish or sardines? (maybe in all canned food?) Maybe there is some research about all this. Thanks.
The present article says nothing about
Somebody's changed "smelt" back to "melt". I distinctly remember fixing that, but anonymous edits have been disabled (I can't be stuffed registering for Yet Another Bloody Website Account). Could somebody please change the sentence "It is highly malleable and ductile as well as easy to melt." to "... easy to smelt", as it should be? Ta. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 130.194.11.64 ( talk • contribs) .
I have a bit of a problem with the lead production section: It says (and this is supposedly referenced information) that during roasting the lead sulfide concentrate is converted to metallic lead. Lead concentrate roasting is an oxidative roast. PbS is converted primarily to PbO, and yes some amount of PbSO4 and lead silicates end up in the sinter. I say sinter, because the roasting is normally carried out in a travelling grate sintering machine. I was about to delete and correct the paragraph, but noticed that it's referenced. I don't have access to that (1949) reference. Can someone please check on this for me? I can counter reference my statements above, and I've been in a lead smelter and seen a Dwight-Lloyd sintering maching operating, preparing lead oxide sinter for blast furnace feed. BSMet94 20:21, 1 February 2007 (UTC)
Good collaboration on that little topic! Thanks. BSMet94 04:42, 2 February 2007 (UTC)
I see several Wiki metal articles (Zinc, etc.) mention you can test for the metal by burning a sample of it and viewing the colour of the flame produced.
Does anyone know the colour of flame when burning Lead? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Quatermass ( talk • contribs) 17:46, 27 December 2006 (UTC).
Grown from the local gloucester boxing circuit Simon marcer grew up with the fighting name lead. He thought it was a sign of respect as "hard as Metal". But in fact his lack of knopwledge due to skiving chemistry at school meant he didnt see the irony that lead is the softest metal. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Virtualwaster ( talk • contribs) 10:24, 25 April 2007 (UTC).
There should be a whole article about Lead regulation. Until then, all we seem to have are Lead poisoning and Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive. The main Lead article does not give us figures on total global production/use; we don't know how it is changing annually, over decades. We have been using this known poison for thousands of years. In the US, lead plumbing is still in use, and we are so negligent as to use it to balance the wheels on our cars. How does Europe compare? What organizations are most active against lead hazards?- 69.87.200.233 18:56, 4 September 2007 (UTC)
The regulation section of Lead poisoning should be big enough now to split off into an article. It is easy to find an overwhelming amount of material -- http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/lead/pb_standards2.html is a great place to start. But haven't found any non-US resources yet... And maybe there should be a redirect from Lead toxicity to Lead poisoning?- 69.87.199.214 17:21, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
There must be pollution, danger, and toxicity associated with lead mining and production, currently. But there does not seem to be any info in WP about this. Please add such information.- 69.87.203.198 11:57, 5 September 2007 (UTC)
A paragraph on lead (II) chloride complexes would certainly be a good addition. The graph is unnecessary though. All that is needed is text stating the existence of the complexes and the conditions under which they form. And it all needs have a reference. Karl Hahn ( T) ( C) 18:14, 23 September 2007 (UTC)
Former Analytical Chemist for test lab: environmental and industrial.
1. Usually analyze Lead via Atomic Absorption spectroscopy but occasionally by wet chem methods. Standard wet chem analysis of solder composition was PbFCl titration. Lead has a strong affinity for a single flouride, forming PbF+ which is titrated with Chloride (PbF2 is soluble). The dissociation constant for (PbF+)(Cl-) was on the order of Silver Chloride. Dithizone (1,5-Diphenyl-3-thiocarbazone) method (EPA sw846) for PPM determinations. http://www.woodrow.org/teachers/chemistry/1989/49heavy-metal.html see #4 for how Lead gets into fresh water shellfish. Today environmental Lead by Ion Coupled Plasma (or ICP). 2. Lead Oxide is used in Gold ore assays, much of the PbO subliming in the furnace. http://www.nbmg.unr.edu/comstockscience/fireassaying1.shtml 3. Study of children playing near major roads (High PbO and PbBr2 from combustion of leaded fuel, residue in dirt by roadside). Blood of kids with Parts Per Billion Lead had significant IQ lowering. The "biochemistry of lead poisoning" is an mechanism of gross lead poisoning in adults. The mental damage of heavy metals (Hg, Tl, Pb) in children is different. Interesting that the RoHS thing replaces Lead in solder with Silver which is actually more toxic in adults. 4. Pb3O4 is an oxidizer that was used to protect steel and iron, often used as paint on structural beams and ships (also barnacle protection).
5. to Tannin re: 204 - - - rem Earth is (theor.) 4.5E9 years old. see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_E17_s
20 years ago Pb204 was thought stable, but by rechecking previously previuosly considered stable isotopes with more sensitive instruments very long half lives can be detected. The standard surplus gas tube radiation detector that we had in high school science had a higher tick rate from backround (cosmic rays etc.)than from a sample of depleted Uranium (U238) 4.5E9 yr half-life.
As to differing half lives of isotope 204: I don't have my Chemical Rubber Handbook here, but I'm assuming your errant half life is synthetic Pb204m. The high energy ion bombardment that that is used to form isotopes may leave the isotope formed with excess energy above the ground state. Generally these metastable states emit the excess energy as a gamma photon hence Pb204m >> Pb204 + gamma.
6. add ref to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decay_chain page for origin of Lead isotopes
Shjacks45 04:44, 8 November 2007 (UTC)
This subject is discussed twice, both in the "Uses" and "Phrases" sections. Should it be consolidated? -- Claygate ( talk) 20:39, 22 June 2008 (UTC)
This section seems very out of place to me. It talks about a very specific occurrence of lead, whereas the rest of the occurrence section is much more general, which is they way I think it should be. Is there a different article where this would fit better? Or perhaps it should just be removed outright? Wizard191 ( talk) 23:35, 29 June 2008 (UTC)
Can lead be handled with bare hands? I've just done that and my hands became dirty so I have washed them quite thoroughly with water, and now I'm worried. ... Rfwoolf ( talk) 14:46, 31 August 2008 (UTC)
It would be useful to have a section added to the lead poisoning article dealing with this issue. My understanding (but without certain knowledge) is that handling clean lead is probably harmless. If the "dirt" was actually corroded lead, you need to take steps to ensure that you do not ingest it, such as thoroughly washing your hands (not merely rinsing them). However, I am not an expert and my advice may be unreliable. Peterkingiron ( talk) 15:15, 31 August 2008 (UTC)
I think it is important to include information on the health effects of lead in this article as well. Lead poisoning is a specific disorder, and that is very distinct from the subclinical effects of lead. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.240.79.165 ( talk) 11:13, 16 January 2009 (UTC)
The citation entitled "How Long Will It Last?", supposedly backing the fact that lead supplies will run out in 42 years, doesn't seem to actually contain this information. The link to the article online is here:
http://environment.newscientist.com/channel/earth/mg19426051.200-earths-natural-wealth-an-audit.html
No info on the 18 years figure either. I'm concerned, because it would seem that if lead supplies are really so short, we would be seeing much broader recycling efforts, since lead production must start declining far before supplies are exhausted. More likely, I would imagine that the 42 year figure refers to the date where lead production will peak. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Zooberman ( talk • contribs) 19:11, 23 September 2008 (UTC)
[15] Some content was removed. Should it be restored? Crystal whacker ( talk) 18:18, 28 December 2008 (UTC)
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The comment(s) below were originally left at Talk:Lead/Comments, and are posted here for posterity. Following several discussions in past years, these subpages are now deprecated. The comments may be irrelevant or outdated; if so, please feel free to remove this section.
Needed for B-class:
Needed for B+ to A:
Prior to FAC:
|
Last edited at 05:39, 16 February 2009 (UTC). Substituted at 15:14, 1 May 2016 (UTC)
I noticed the section about lead's uses does not mention its widespread use as a radiation shield. All I see is one image of lead bricks with a caption saying they are used for this purpose. I think this common use deserves a dedicated paragraph in the Applications -> Elemental Form section. Ericobnn ( talk) 15:04, 12 December 2013 (UTC)
I don't think the units for density for any of the elements are correct. Density is mass PER unit volume. the "per" means "/" not "•".
eg. ρPb = 11.34 g/cm³.
Maybe the "g•cm³" is a different way to write it, but I think it is confusing. Someone should fix that.
-- Drew.wollman 16:22, 6 September 2007 (UTC)
On the Lead page one of the density values is listed as: 11.34 g*m3 both the unit "m" is wrong (should be cm) and the exponent "3" is wrong (should be -3) I think it should be: 11.34 g*cm-3 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.101.74.40 ( talk) 16:42, 11 April 2009 (UTC)
The use of "Specific heat capacity is incorrect as it is the Molar heat capacity which is given. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.247.38.61 ( talk) 22:21, 19 October 2010 (UTC)
The two comments about Pb or Pb-208 being the "heaviest" non-radioactive element/isotope don't make any sense. The weight (heaviness) of something in a fixed gravitic acceleration is determined by the mass of the item. Presumably what is meant is that Pb has the highest atomic number of any stable element. Many other elements (Au, W, Pt, etc.) have higher densities than Pb. 2601:8:9680:FE:8110:B098:5190:90FD ( talk) 19:50, 8 June 2015 (UTC)
I've been told that lumb is an old word for lead. As a diver I see crates containing lead weight posted lumb for sale but yet there's no mention of it in reference or dictionary links. 87.85.229.34 ( talk) 12:40, 17 March 2009 (UTC)Belinda Gadsby
I added a bit to the section about pencil lead. The article cited actually contradicted the "pencils never contained lead" statement because the Roman pencil was actually made of solid lead. The wooden covering was an innovation to accommodate the use of more fragile graphite, which is preferred to lead because it leaves a darker mark. (Maybe I should add that to the article too?) Paddingtonjbear ( talk) 00:28, 5 December 2009 (UTC)
Pencils doesn't include lead, they include carbon. 58.187.90.251 ( talk) 11:29, 14 March 2010 (UTC)
kkok —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.81.116.98 ( talk) 00:53, 25 April 2011 (UTC)
This section needs a little reworking.
Radioactive elements start on polonium or lead? 58.187.90.251 ( talk) 11:29, 14 March 2010 (UTC)
Especially as the bismuth entry specifically says bismuth's most stable isotope is slightly radioactive with a halt live much greater than the age of the universe, and lead is the element with a highest atomic number with a stable isotope. This seems more relevant to mention in the lead entry than the bismuth one - or both! Holland jon ( talk) 22:28, 27 August 2013 (UTC)
I started an article on lead wool (perhaps named by analogy to steel wool), thin strands of lead used to cold-caulk pipe joints. This seems to have been introduced around 1900 and to have stopped being manufactured around 1980 (educated guesses based on the limited information I could find about two companies with "Lead Wool" in their names. Anyone who can improve that article is encouraged to do so. Eastmain ( talk • contribs) 03:10, 30 March 2010 (UTC)
Under section 1) Characteristics: This section states that a property of lead is that it is ductile. When one follows the ductile hyperlink it is redirected to Ductility. The Ductility section explains by example that "gold is both ductile and malleable, but lead is only malleable". There is a correction or explanation needed to one of these pages or the other by someone who is qualified on the subject matter. Elkfla ( talk) 02:53, 12 May 2010 (UTC)
Lead 208 ion particle beams are used in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) particle accelerator at CERN to study high energy collisions of massive subatomic particles. This research is partly intended to better understand the nature of subatomic matter by producing high enough energy densities to produce massive sub atomic particles such as the theorized Higgs boson. The large nuclear mass of lead makes it suitable for this use.
Would someone with editing privilage please add the "Use in nuclear physics reasearch" above to the lead wiki as it is a technologically significant use of lead. Thank you. A Wikipedia user. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.75.134.164 ( talk) 06:57, 1 October 2010 (UTC)
can the article expand more on that subject, with more in depth details about what happened and what the epa said exactly?
can the article discuss more about who mines/manufactures lead and what companies profit from keeping toxic elements like lead in main stream uses,rather than using safer alternatives, like for manufacture of bullets. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.160.131.17 ( talk) 00:30, 20 October 2010 (UTC)
Some of the lead can stay in your bones for decades; however, some lead can leave your bones and reenter your blood and organs under certain circumstances (e.g., during pregnancy and periods of breast feeding, after a bone is broken, and during advancing age). In adults, about 94% of the total amount of lead in the body is contained in the bones and teeth. About 73% of the lead in children's bodies is stored in their bones. Referenced from ATSDR on January 22, 2011. 72.196.107.224 ( talk) 21:27, 22 January 2011 (UTC)Samantha Mosias
This article contains two different references with the same name:
<ref name="leadorg">{{cite web|url = http://www.ldaint.org/technotes2.htm|title = Primary Lead Refining Technical Notes|publisher = LDA International|accessdate = 7 April 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070322191856/http://www.ldaint.org/technotes2.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 22 March 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="leadorg">{{cite web|url = http://www.infomine.com/commodities/lead.asp|title = Global InfoMine{{ndash}} Lead Mining|publisher = GlobalInfoMine|dateformat = dmy|accessdate = 17 April 2008}}</ref>
Since the article also contains <ref name="leadorg" />
, I'm not sure how to clean this up. Could someone who is familiar with these references fix this issue?
(Thanks to
User:Redrose64, who discovered this issue in response to a question I posted
here.)
GoingBatty (
talk)
17:02, 2 October 2011 (UTC)
Please could we have a citation for the comment "In alchemy, lead was thought to be the oldest metal" Thanks Moebius999 ( talk) 10:53, 11 January 2012 (UTC)
here-- R8R Gtrs ( talk) 15:41, 25 March 2012 (UTC)
Erjablow ( talk) 03:13, 16 May 2012 (UTC)
In the paragraph about the Romans, the word "Roman" appears twice in the same sentence. It would be nice if the title of the link to "Roman Britain" could be changed to just "Britain": The largest preindustrial producer of lead was the Roman economy, with an estimated output per annum of 80,000 t, which was typically won as a by-product of extensive silver smelting. Roman mining activities occurred in Central Europe, Roman Britain, the Balkans, Greece, Asia Minor; Hispania alone accounted for 40% of world production. 193.60.63.224 ( talk) 08:44, 18 May 2012 (UTC)
I personally wouldn't. I don't know how islanders think, but from the depth of the continent the term is more like trying to collect what is now England and Wales (no Scotland). Like using "Korea" for "South Korea"-- R8R Gtrs ( talk) 18:16, 18 May 2012 (UTC)
Perhaps you misunderstood my point. What would you think if the text read thus: Roman mining activities occurred in Roman Central Europe, Roman Britain, the Roman Balkans, Roman Greece, Roman Asia Minor; Roman Hispania ... 193.60.63.224 ( talk) 09:48, 21 May 2012 (UTC)
Do you think it possible that Roman mining activities could take place in non-Roman Britain? I stick by my original suggestion! 193.60.63.224 ( talk) 10:52, 22 May 2012 (UTC)
The graph of production is a wonderful figure and should be displayed large and centered.
Cut the number of Roman lead photos to one. (Lots of images is good, but don't have 3 of the same thing...find other aspects of the article to illustrate.)
Show (and discuss) lead chloride precipitate as an analytical test for lead ions in water. I don't see a good free picture...but get some Wikichemist to make one for you. (A cloudy test tube...or even more spectacular if you can show addition of reagent creating the preciptation.)
Research and add a couple more sentences on tetrathyl lead as a former application.
69.255.27.249 ( talk) 00:20, 17 June 2012 (UTC)
GA toolbox |
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Reviewing |
Reviewer: TonyTheTiger ( talk · contribs) 07:02, 23 June 2012 (UTC)
{{
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, and it's up to Tony to question that.
Materialscientist (
talk)
23:43, 27 June 2012 (UTC)I saw on my school books that the value of lead electronegativity is different depending on th book. I argued with another wikipedian on it.Wikipedia and we compared nine books, four Wikipedias (en. de. fr. & it.) and an encyclopedia. The resulting value was 1,8 (Pauling's scale) and 2,33 is the electronegativity of lead(II) ions. I changed this date from 2,33 to 1,8 in it.Wikipedia, what about en.Wikipedia?
The original discussion is
here (in italian).
Bokuwa (
talk)
10:49, 8 September 2012 (UTC)
Hello! This is a note to let the editors of this article know that File:Lead electrolytic and 1cm3 cube.jpg will be appearing as picture of the day on October 19, 2012. You can view and edit the POTD blurb at Template:POTD/2012-10-19. If this article needs any attention or maintenance, it would be preferable if that could be done before its appearance on the Main Page so Wikipedia doesn't look bad. :) Thanks! — howcheng { chat} 17:26, 17 October 2012 (UTC)
I think that the third sentence in the first paragraph should be "It is considered by many to be a heavy metal." instead of "It is considered by many to be a heavy metals." Xin-Xin W. ( talk) 01:16, 3 December 2012 (UTC)
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The article on lead is missing 'symptoms of lead poisoning'. 92.21.194.214 ( talk) 05:56, 27 August 2013 (UTC)
This section contains a sentence that reads "Lead monosulfide is almost insoluble in water, weak acids, and (NH4)2S/(NH4)2S2 solution is the key for separation of lead from analytical groups I to III ions, tin, arsenic, and antimony." This doesn't make sense grammatically - what is it trying to say? Could someone clarify it? I would do it myself but I can't work it out. PaAt-56 ( talk) 19:46, 4 October 2014 (UTC)
I think I've worked it out - is it trying to say "Lead monosulfide is almost insoluble in water and weak acids, and so use of (NH4)2S/(NH4)2S2 solution is the key to separation of lead from analytical groups I to III ions, tin, arsenic, and antimony."? If so, is this statement true? - and is it too much detail for the article? PaAt-56 ( talk) 10:53, 5 October 2014 (UTC)
Now edited to remove excessive detail and add a citation. PaAt-56 ( talk) 15:15, 14 October 2014 (UTC)
Study reviewing bad cognitive effects of even very small amounts of lead: [ [16]] Linked from this article: [ [17]] 92.24.137.12 ( talk) 17:08, 12 October 2014 (UTC)
Leads reactivity with sulfuric acid seems to be overstated. Lead lined tanks/barrels were once, maybe even still, used for transportation of sulfuric- Rochow and Abel in their monograph on Silicon, Germanium and Lead say that only anhydrous sulfuric attacks lead at normal temperatures, insoluble lead sulfate passivates the surface. Transportation guidelines for shipping specified lead lined containers for sulfuric acid strengths less than 65%. Axiosaurus ( talk) 18:36, 24 January 2015 (UTC)
Can the distinction be made clearer between these two categories of lead compounds? This is slightly cleared in the Lead Poisoning article [ [18]]
This section is dedicated to establishing a plan to improve this article, section by section. Double sharp and I will write the plan; everyone else is very welcome to add comments.
we need some general guideline on whether we should use compound names like "lead(II) oxide" or "lead monoxide"
Maybe it's just me, but I feel I write better when I have some sort of model to follow the outlines of; probably Zn is the most similar FA in terms of history and Ge the most similar in terms of chemistry. Double sharp ( talk) 15:55, 21 August 2015 (UTC)
I want to write comments on this section after every other section has been discussed. But for now, I can't escape the feeling we shouldn't mention how Pb-208 is double magic and thus the heaviest stable nuclide of all: according to the current theory, it should be actually very slightly unstable, but in that case, we also have the ordinary magic Bi-209 with very little instability
Looks more or less ok to me, but I can't escape the feeling we may need more data
This thing needs a copyedit so obviously :(
Where do the carbonates and hydrocarbonates come from? CO2 in the air? All the compounds that cause lead to tarnish, do they all come from the air?
I can't find a thing we're obviosuly missing. DS, if you see anything we're lacking, let me know
Upd: Okay, we're lacking a couple of sentences on ionization energies and elecronegativity
Powdered lead burns... -- from this moment on, does the text belong to this subsection? Should it be moved to the Chemical subsection?
Explain pyrophoritciy in a couple of words?
pb-210 is a trace isotope, so the assumption lead only exists in form of its stable isotopes is false
Merge paras 1 and 2
Does lead react with water in no oxygen is present?
In general, it seems a little wrong to use this format of the Compounds section. It goes into such detail for individual compounds, it's so different than how it was for fluorine. In general, it seems to me we should discuss more about lead itself (in compounds), than the compounds. DS (and anyone), could please re-assure me this format is correct or agree we need a change here?
What we're certainly missing is a subsection dedicated to oxidation states and behavior of lead ions when a lead salt is dissolved
An idea is growing on me we should create a common Inorganic subsection, where we would focus on lead ions and general properties of lead slats, with some material possibly standing out
One more thing, though: Pb(II) is more stable than Pb(IV), but organolead compounds are almost all Pb(IV) for some reason. Double sharp ( talk) 15:34, 2 November 2015 (UTC)
Need to add info about Pb2+ in solutions and properties of lead(II) ions in general, rework reactivity and organolead, and it should be good enough to start adding refs and missing figs--
R8R (
talk)
22:23, 5 November 2015 (UTC)
At the moment, I think we should be okay with this section. @
Double sharp:, pleasae, provide some feedback.--
R8R (
talk)
21:36, 9 November 2015 (UTC)
(Assuming the format and content will be retained)
So A-PbO and B-PbO are cubic and cuboidic?
B-PbO needs impurities to exist? Wow
We may just say PbO2 needs strong oxidizers in order to be obtained
hydroxyplumbates -- ew
Also, is it the same thing as the "plumbites" introduced in the previous para?
Will the reaction still be needed if we change the format?
P.S. We could do with a brief mention of the instability of Pb(OH)2 – PbII does not really want to form simple hydroxides. That is more for the proposed lead-in covering Pb in solution. Of course Pb(OH)4 is unknown. With regard to heavier chalcogenides, PbSe and PbTe do have one interesting property: the colour gets muted as the molecular weight goes up. PbS is black, PbSe is grey, and PbTe is white. PbPo occurs in nature, as Pb is the daughter of all natural Po isotopes. Double sharp ( talk) 16:34, 21 August 2015 (UTC)
Do we really want to tell our readers boring trivial stuff on how to obtain the difluoride? Listing its properties would be a better idea
What's lead hydrofluoride? Pb2+H-F-? Question solved, it is PbF2 * 2.5HF
Coordination number -- not only chemists will read this article, we can explain this without using such complicated terms
No mention of plumbane and its instability? Gives you a free one to tie in to the trend down group 14. You can also reinforce this thread to the reader by mentioning the stability order for halides: PbX2 > PbX4, and CX2 << SiX2 < GeX2 < SnX2 < PbX2. The trend down group 14 is particularly important for Pb after all, being the heaviest useful member of the group. Double sharp ( talk) 16:26, 21 August 2015 (UTC)
Seriously no mention of metal clusters and the polyplumbide cluster ions? Double sharp ( talk) 16:35, 21 August 2015 (UTC)
we may leave Theoderic out, I guess? (who is that, you may ask if you're not all that into Roman history) or we may use dates instead of names for specifying time periods
the graph is not a correct representation of what is given in the source, it doesn't show info for every century
"Further evidence of the threat lead posed to a human organisms..." - this is the first sentence in the last paragraph of the History section; needs to be corrected. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.231.112.193 ( talk) 06:58, 21 April 2016 (UTC)
(First of all, this section should be split to a subsection of Characteristics, named Occurrence (based on the content before the subheaders), and the rest of this section should become a separate Production section)
how many ppm in space/on Earth/in soil/in seawater? how much Pb in absolute numbers?
say how Pb is a chalcophile (actually, give zinc a look when writing this)
(this subheader is for the info that will form the new Production section)
in 42 years -- as of when?
18 years --- same
Ancient lead special use -- belongs elsewhere, possibly to Applications
(seems good in general on my first look)
It does not have the weight-to-volume ratio of many heavy metals, but its low cost increases its use in these and other applications. -- move one para up
we certainly don't need the cathode and anode reactions!
Lead, or sheet-lead -- what's the difference? is the latter just an industry-specific name for lead?
If we don't add any further mentionings of polyvinyl chloride, then we won't need the "(PVC)"
(In general, this looks good, except for some random para breaks, but we'll need to check some literature anyway)
How much Pb will kill you?
"1 μg/g" or "10−5 relative"?
The component limit of lead (1.0 μg/g) is a test benchmark for pharmaceuticals, representing the maximum daily intake an individual should have -- move up the para
Something is wrong here. Darsie42 ( talk) 22:21, 1 November 2015 (UTC)
The reason is that for Tl and Pb, electronegativity actually changes significantly with the oxidation state. Taking the more stable Pb(II) gives the 1.87 value that nicely conforms to periodic trends; taking the less stable Pb(IV) gives the 2.33 value. Double sharp ( talk) 03:35, 13 November 2015 (UTC)
Mmm, yeah, I completely forgot about that :) thanks! I'll rework that sometime later-- R8R ( talk) 13:25, 13 November 2015 (UTC)
Our infobox lists some half-life experimental limitations for stable isotopes; where do they come from?-- R8R ( talk) 14:25, 18 November 2015 (UTC)
Double sharp, please help me with a second opinion. What do we need to improve in the current Bulk section properties?-- R8R ( talk) 16:34, 23 November 2015 (UTC)
WebElements does have it, but this figures need a better backup -- http://www.webelements.com/lead/geology.html -- R8R ( talk) 10:44, 3 December 2015 (UTC)
[19]: "Julius Caesar, for example, managed to father only one child, even though he enjoyed women as much as he enjoyed wine. His successor, Caesar Augustus, was reported to be completely sterile. Some scholars suggest that lead could have been the culprit for the condition of both men and a contributing factor to the fall of the Roman Empire. A form of lead intoxication known as saturnine gout takes its name from ancient Rome. Saturn was a demonic god, a gloomy and sluggish figure who ate his own children. The Romans noticed similarities between symptoms of this disorder and the irritable god, and named the disease after him. Scientists have since learned that while there are similarities between saturnine gout and primary gout, such as elevated blood uric acid levels, these are in fact two distinct diseases that could not have been cured."-- R8R ( talk) 20:43, 7 February 2016 (UTC)
The source does not say what products the reaction would yield. I think it would be PbO2 + 4HCl -> PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O, but in any case it's not all that important for the story and won't be mentioned.-- R8R ( talk) 12:44, 13 February 2016 (UTC)
Lead has been mined in Africa in the pre-colonial times, although exact dates are missing because there are no written sources of the mining, and there is only oral documentation and direct evidences of mining. Lead has been mined in the Congo basin(pp.130-131) and the Benue Trough(p.85). Peoples of eastern, south-eastern, and southern Africa are well known to exercise wire drawing.(p.105) In Kongo, people used lead for smelting—which proved to be a socially high activity—for both mechanical properties of the alloys and trading, as well as a currency.(pp.131-133) https://books.google.ru/books?id=oMgkHFiBTMEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=ancient+african+metallurgy&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjm-cG6g_nKAhXk8XIKHZT8DV4Q6AEIJTAA#v=onepage&q=lead&f=false
Done-- R8R ( talk) 13:35, 15 February 2016 (UTC)