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This page should mention the Danish langauge where the glottal stop is called " stød". But I've read that it can be analysed to be much more than a glottal stop even though this is the way it is most commonly described. Hippietrail 07:58, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)
I would suggest this paper by Tomas Riad for the Danish stød: 2000. The origin of Danish stød. In: Aditi Lahiri (ed.) Analogy, Levelling and Markedness. Principles of change in phonology and morphology. Berlin/New York, Mouton de Gruyter. 261–300. There should be more. -- Per W ( talk) 07:27, 29 October 2018 (UTC)
Is there any relationship at all between the glottal stop and gemination? I'm guessing that there is. — Hippietrail 01:02, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
I deny the existence of the glottal stop, as a sound at least: Show me one that is not merely a schwa or an unaspirated cluster. lysdexia 09:42, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
In Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) the word for denying (No or Not) is "tidak". That "k" at the end of the word is definitely a glottal stop.
In Maltese at least, the glottal stop is a very common sound. It can occur anywhere in a word and is written as the letter q. For example, ghaqda, baqbaq, qrun, moqziez, qanfud, wisq, etc etc. It therefore is unrelated to gemination, but is a sound of its own, since those words would sound very different otherwise. I fail to see any relation to a schwa, and as for the unaspirated cluster, I think some of those example words would counter that claim. -E. Farrugia, 16:39, 29 Nov 2004 (GMT -5)
Hi!
Ther is a very famous personb named "hamza".
Since this page have that namne, its reasonable that it tells lost wiki users how to go to that person. Thats why i added that. Thank you :)
-- Striver 5 July 2005 21:18 (UTC)
-- Striver 5 July 2005 23:25 (UTC)
In Austria nobody would dream of inserting a glottal stop into a word, not even in the main evening news of the public-owned TV channels. "Beeilen" is pronounced with a double vowel (more or less IPA epsilon). Pronouncing one word as if it were two sentences is something the Germans do, and probably not all of them. So I edited that paragraph. David Marjanović david.marjanovic_at_gmx.at 23:22 CET-summertime
Maybe not in "beeilen" but how about "Arbeitsamt"? Wouldn't you make a stop between "arbeits" and "amt"? I only know one native speaker from the Salzkammergut area, he does the glottal stop. But he has been living in Muenchen for quiet a while already. 142.243.254.224 ( talk) 16:49, 1 December 2010 (UTC)Gilbert
From the German section:
This applies to Dutch as well. Of course I don't know if this is also true in all dialects. Shinobu 06:15, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
As far as I know, there is no glottal stop in Japanese. It appears geminates have been confused with glottal stops, or that there is some coarticulation. -- Vuo 13:48, 11 December 2005 (UTC)
Regarding German (my native tongue) again, I'm not sure in which dialect "sehen" would be pronounced with a glottal stop, but it's not something I've ever heard, and I actually find it rather difficult to pronounce it that way when I try, too (even though the glottal stop in "Beamter" and "beeilen" is not a problem for me to pronounce). In fact, I'd say that "sehen" is usually pronounced [ˈzeːən] or even [ˈzeːn]; [ˈzeːhən] would also be possible (although I don't think you'd encounter that in spoken German, at least not where I live; it's more what you'd get if you tried to pronounce the word 100% correctly), but [ˈzeːʔən] doesn't sound like something you'd encounter to me.
Of course, I'm not a linguist, but I do think that "sehen" is not the best example here. It's also possible to pronounce "Beamter" or "beeilen" etc. without a glottal stop, especially when you're talking a bit faster, but at least in those cases, it's clearly there when you take care to pronounce the word correctly. -- Schnee ( cheeks clone) 03:47, 27 January 2006 (UTC)
I've added a {{ citationneeded}} tag to where it says that the glottal stop can be used to separate wovels of different words in Finnish, as it is not the very reason why there is a glottal stop. For example, iso auto and siili yöpyi onkalossa have no glottal stops and still the words are easily distinguishable. I've heard a theory that words with glottal stops have in some point of time lost a final consonant and the glottal stop is a relict of that; in the film Unna ja Nuuk, where the characters spoke ancient Finnish, the word meaning Come! was pronounced /tulek/ as it nowadays is /tuleʔ/. I have no proof for this, though, so I'm leaving it as it is. – Mysid 09:44, 4 May 2006 (UTC)
References
There is no such word as "Hawai`ian". It only exists as a mistake used by people who are ignorant of both English and Hawaiian. See the Hawaiian language talk page for discussions on this point. Hawaiian is an English word, not a Hawaiian word. The English alphabet has 26 letters, none of which is conventionally used to represent a glottal stop in English. Speakers of English in Hawaii often use a glottal stop in pronouncing the word Hawaii, but NOT in pronouncing the word Hawaiian. The word Hawaiian is NEVER published in Hawaii with any symbol representing a glottal stop. It's very irritating to see the error being repeated by Wikipedia users, who supposedly care about getting things right. Agent X 19:46, 20 June 2006 (UTC)
Do your homework. The Pukui-Elbert dictionary is the "Hawaiian Dictionary", NOT the "Hawai`ian Dictionary". I gave a specific citation to that source. Did you check it out? Did you check out the Hawaiian language talk page? The Wikipedia article is on the "Hawaiian language", NOT the "Hawai`ian language". I have lived in Hawaii since before it became a state in 1959. Have you? It IS true that it's NEVER written "Hawai`ian" in Hawaii. And yes, as you said, "articles about Hawaiian topics should conform to that". Just because something is "in use", that alone does NOT make it "acceptable". Hawaiian Creole English is "in use", but the English version of Wikipedia is not written in HCE. The word aint is "in use", but it is not acceptable as correct usage in an English Wikipedia article. Not everything that is "right" is credibly "arguable". Will anyone seriously disagree that one plus two equals three? What is right in Wikipedia is based on (1) what is published, (2) what is the prevailing consensus or majority-held view, and (3) common sense. If you want to challenge my contribution, then you should abide by Wikipedia policy, and check out its merits. Don't just delete a user contribution when you personally lack expertise on the topic. Agent X 20:49, 20 June 2006 (UTC)
:/
--
Ptcamn
00:59, 21 June 2006 (UTC)Ptcamn --- here's the text that you apparently want to "fight" for:
Finally, there are loanwords into English, usually from languages where the glottal stop is a phoneme, where a glottal stop is part of the accepted pronunciation, for example Hawaiʻian ʻaʻa lava.
Here's my edit of that text:
Finally, there are loanwords into English, usually from languages where the glottal stop is a phoneme, where a glottal stop is part of the foreign pronunciation. For example, the Hawaiian word ‘a‘ā is used by geologists to specify lava which is relatively thick, chunky, and rough. The Hawaiian spelling indicates the two glottal stops in the word, but the most widely used English spelling, aa, does not (Pukui and Elbert 1986:2, 389). Loans often retain aspects of their foreign pronunciation until such time as they become fully nativized in the borrowing language.
My goal is to improve the article in these specific ways:
I first wrote "the English spelling". I have updated that to "the most widely used English spelling". The reason for the update is to take care of those cases where someone attempts to show knowledge of Hawaiian spelling, but ends up using a form which is actually a different word in Hawaiian, such as a‘a or ‘a‘a. The first form is missing the initial glottal and the long vowel. The second form is missing the long vowel. So both of those forms are wrong as a Hawaiian word for "lava" in terms of spelling, pronunciation, and meaning. In Hawaiian, a‘a means "vein" (not "rough lava") while ‘a‘a means "challenge" (not "rough lava").
Do you have a valid challenge to point 1, point 2, point 3, or point 4 of my contribution? For each point that you do not challenge, you should not be deleting the contribution. For any point that you do challenge, you need to specify something more substantial than just "it is used" by someone. Because many humans make many mistakes, and many of those mistakes get published. Wikipedia values book usage by recognized authorities far more than internet usage by anonymous individuals or people who are not recognized authorities. You should also admit that dictionaries are not immune to containing errors, or poor choices.
In my copy of the Pukui-Elbert Hawaiian Dictionary, on page 2, for the entry for ‘a‘ā, meaning number 2, the first use of ‘a‘ā is the Hawaiian spelling, but with an error --- the first glottal is missing. The second use is aa, the English spelling. It correctly omits both of the glottal stops, and the macron. It sometimes requires common sense to recognize that a mistake or error has been published. That applies to the American Heritage Dictionary as well.
I looked at the five webpages where you found instances of "Hawai`ian". The 1st focuses on racism, and has racist phrases like "WhitestLawSchools". (It also uses "Hawaiian" more than "Hawai`ian".) The 2nd is a government webpage which has clearly erroneous "facts", such as "forced annexation of Hawaii in 1893", and "Hawaiian was banned from all spheres of life under threat of punishment". It also contains a (dead) link to Mark Warschauer and a live link to this Wikipedia Glottal Stop article. (It also uses "Hawaiian" 45 times, "Hawai`ian" 4 times.) The 3rd is merely a one-paragraph student writing assignment at the U of Minnesota, amounting to a political plug for the Akaka Bill. The 4th is merely a list of links at asiansinamerica.org with stuff like "Reinstated Government of Hawaii" and "Office of Hawaiian Affairs". (Note that it is not the Office of "Hawai`ian" Affairs.) The 5th is merely an isolated course handout, an exercise, prepared by a faculty member at U of N Carolina who clearly lacks experience with the Hawaiian language. (The Hawaiian word for "school" is kula, not kola "sexually excited".) Not one of those sources is authoritative at all.
Bear in mind that there is no personal attack here. Users can challenge one another's contributions. I don't know if you contributed the aa lava bit. But I do know that you deleted my contribution, and you still have not credibly justified your decision to oppose correct Hawaiian spelling as well as correct English spelling. If your position is that everything is acceptable because there's no such thing as a mistake, then that will not fly. If there are no mistakes, then there is never any need for anyone to edit anything. Agent X 23:08, 21 June 2006 (UTC)
I added the stuff about the d, and the history and the word list. Any objections? thanks —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.244.41.155 ( talk • contribs)
I'm dubious about adding so much information without any sourcing. I took out the word list because we don't need so many examples. Ƶ§œš¹ [aɪm ˈfɻɛ̃ⁿdˡi] 22:16, 30 March 2007 (UTC)
That's cool. btw-do u know how to get the character for a syllabic n on here? I know it's the n with a subscript, but they don't even have it on the main page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.244.41.155 ( talk • contribs)
Umm, the Hebrew example doesn't actually have a glottal stop in its IPA. oops. If I knew anything about Hebrew I'd correct this.
How come the word is not self-descriptive? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 87.86.0.10 ( talk) 13:17, August 22, 2007 (UTC)
I believe the Glottal Stop should look like this V Ꮭ Ipafan222 ( talk) 14:25, 2 January 2020 (UTC)
The glottal stop is also very prominent in African American Vernacular English and many American Indian languages, but I can't find that this is mentioned in this article. I think it should be. Badagnani 08:40, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
Which American Indian languages are already mentioned? I didn't see Cherokee on there (the largest tribe by population according to the most recent census). Regarding AAVE, yes, it does, because, with rare exceptions (even many radio and television personalities), the final "d" of words such as "wanted" are glottalized. It's a marker of this dialect. Badagnani 17:32, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
I agree with what Badagnani said about AAVE. I hear it quite often. "D's" at the end of words are at least sometimes glottalized. 208.104.45.20 ( talk) 21:57, 30 December 2007 (UTC)
I know you've heard it before in your life, Ƶ§œš¹. If you haven't, I would be surprised. 208.104.45.20 ( talk) 09:04, 1 January 2008 (UTC)
I don't care if it's moot or not. I just want you to admit that you've heard that pronunciation before in your life. 208.104.45.20 ( talk) 20:24, 1 January 2008 (UTC)
It's even more prominent in Klingon! 107.15.138.28 ( talk) 23:15, 22 September 2013 (UTC)
Chinese Hokkien also has it. Someone please add it Yoshiciv ( talk) 09:27, 8 June 2017 (UTC)
Do glottal stops happen in General American at the end of words like "night", "lot ", and "wrote"? I have noticed that the t's in these words aren't pronounced the same as the one in "hotel". Thanks. 208.104.45.20 ( talk) 21:47, 23 December 2007 (UTC)
Thanks so much. I know what you mean. I, as a speaker of General American, can't tell the difference between the "sound" I make at the end of the word "night" and the sound a speaker of the Cockney dialect makes at the end of the same word. The Cockney sound is supposed to be a glottal stop, but I did not know American English had that sound. In fact, I read an article (seemingly a reliable one) that said American English does not have glottal stops. Whatever the sound is in words like "gotten" and "written" in my idiolect, it also sounds similar to a glottal stop. I'm welcome to any other thoughts on this matter. 208.104.45.20 ( talk) 03:59, 24 December 2007 (UTC)
It seems to me that there can be no distinction between a word-initial vowel and a word-inital glottal stop followed by a vowel. Is there, for instance, a difference between /əʔoʊ/ and /ʔəʔoʊ/? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rdr0 ( talk • contribs) 21:17, 10 April 2008 (UTC)
Surely it's nonsense to say "It is only found marginally in English" when the glottal stop is such a major feature of city dialects in England? And I'm sure it's equally common in 'Straiyan (aka ' Strine as in 'Strine chicks...). Macdonald-ross ( talk) 07:09, 9 May 2009 (UTC)
In Low Saxon dialect parts of the Netherlands (north/east) and Germany (north), Glottal Stops occur more often. The Glotal stop is used for more or less difficult consonants in words like weten (knowing) wee'n, (cooking) koken becomes koo'n, etc. 82.75.214.253 ( talk) 22:14, 9 October 2009 (UTC)
We have [kʰɛ̝ʔ] for Cockney and [kʰæʔt] for General American - shouldn't these be the other way round? Lfh ( talk) 15:09, 14 November 2009 (UTC)
In the occurences table, Japanese seems to be missing. Is the small "tsu" not an indicator of a glottal stop in Japanese? K3fka ( talk) 01:22, 2 December 2009 (UTC)
In "RP", "button" is NEVER pronounced with a glottal stop. I didn't think it was in General American either, but I'm not really experienced in that field. Someone is apparently mixing up cockney with RP.-- 86.176.85.90 ( talk) 22:12, 23 December 2009 (UTC)
I have a question about the symbol for "syllabic" n in "bɐʔn̩". Can a phoneme expert start an article for the correct symbol for this n sound after glottal stops, such as mountain, Clinton, certain, etc.? I thought it was a nasal n. DBlomgren ( talk) 19:16, 6 June 2017 (UTC)
I have a suspicion that the feature of spanish language which calls for obligatory e at the beginning of words starting with 'sp' and 'sk' (like in 'escuela' for 'school', 'español' for 'spanish') was developed under Arabic influence during Arabic rule of Spain. For example, if you listen to the song " Speedy Gonzales" sung in Spanish by Kumbia All Starz, you will hear a glottal stop ['espeedy gonzales] (best heard at about 2:08 in the video, not obstructed by music). Did anynone hear anything in this respect? Mukadderat ( talk) 16:41, 10 February 2010 (UTC)
Could someone write an article section about the distinction of phonemic vs. non-phonemic glottal stop discussed in #Word-initial glottal stop above and in article Hamza (hamzatu l-qatʻ vs. hamzatu l-waṣl)? Mukadderat ( talk) 16:51, 10 February 2010 (UTC)
Actually two phenomena are described here without emphasizing the difference. One is the solitary glottal stop, the closure of the glottis as e.g. in GA "cat" before the "t", which is, as a consequence not audible. The other being the crack sound occurring with the opening of the glottis "under pressure" after its closure, as in RP "button" before the "n".
BTW, neither of them occurs in German "Verwaltung".
-- Felix Tritschler ( talk) 17:13, 16 September 2010 (UTC)
May I say that as a former resident of Renfrewshire and now a current resident of Perthshire, glottal stops are extremely common in modern Scottish speech, mostly representing the word T. The most common word in this style is "that" (from what I can hear at least), or similar sounding words such as "hat". I have noticed that Scots words like "bitty" up here are also pronounced with a glottal stop, as well as "tatties" and "banter" and so on and so forth.
A list I have compiled is as follows:
That, Hat, Banter, Canter, Tatties (for both Ts), Bitty (for both Ts), What, Scotland, Scots, Pit (as well as names like Pitlochry), Bent, Burnt, Shut
The list goes on.
In each of these, the T is a glottal stop.
I hope this is useful information.
-- Venerable John ( talk) 19:10, 28 June 2011 (UTC)
Pretty much all final Ts, I think 109.149.92.81 ( talk) 13:33, 27 April 2017 (UTC)
It appears to me the glottal stop used whenever a vowel is pronounced "by itself", like in the words eye, a or in. In the article, it's claimed that one appears halfway in the phrase "uh-oh". However I can't personally detect any difference in beginnings of the pronunciations of the of the "uh" and the "oh", perhaps someone can convince me otherwise? Woscafrench ( talk) 21:07, 1 December 2011 (UTC)
I simply do not understand this sentence: "There are intricate interactions between falling tone and the glottal stop in the histories of such languages as Danish (cf. stød), Chinese and Thai." I do not think this applies to neither the Danish "Stød" or instances of glottal stop in the Danish language. The "stød" is, according to the analysis I know, a purely syllabic feature. Maybe from some diachronic perspective the sentence makes sense, but this should be calirfied. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.105.37.95 ( talk) 22:33, 24 January 2012 (UTC)
"German: Beamter, Verwaltung"
Yeah, good job on reinforcing stupid stereotypes ... in an article about glottal stops, goddangit. -- 89.244.89.99 ( talk) 21:06, 12 August 2012 (UTC)
Glottal stops are used in the Klingon language, so why isn't Klingon listed as using them? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 107.15.138.28 ( talk) 23:13, 22 September 2013 (UTC)
The term #could# contain what it describes (glo'al stop) but does not. Jackiespeel ( talk) 16:34, 13 January 2014 (UTC)
The Barbagia of Ollolai
In the Sardinian language it is present in the dialect of nine countries: Ollolai, Fonni, Orgosolo, Mamoiada, Olzai, Ovodda, Gavoi, Lodine and Oliena, constituents the Barbagia of Ollolai in Province of Nuoro. In handwriting Sardinian denoted by the letter Q. Ex. Piqe [Piʔɛ], isqire [izʔirɛ], qonnosqer [ʔɔnnɔsʔɛr], paqe [paʔɛ], than the dialect logudorese central pike, iskire, connosker, pake. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.16.80.131 ( talk) 13:22, 6 June 2015 (UTC)
It needs cleaning. I suggest a more objective format and parameters:
I am making two easy changes to begin:
Seraphimek ( talk) 21:36, 4 September 2015 (UTC)
@ Erutuon: Appreciate the thoughts. I will take these as general suggestions to a Linguistics talk page. Whatever the particulars, I think we can do much better to present more succinct, more consistent, more informative tables of phonetic data by-language. Seraphimek ( talk) 22:08, 13 May 2016 (UTC)Seraphimek
As a more-or-less RP speaker, I'm baffled by the claim that 'In Received Pronunciation, a glottal stop is inserted before a tautosyllabic voiceless stop, e.g. sto’p, tha’t, kno’ck, wa’tch, also lea’p, soa’k, hel’p, pin’ch'. I can't access the cited source for this claim, but I wonder if it is accepted by any other authorities? I suppose that as a matter of physiology there must be some break point at which the larynx changes from a voiced to a voiceless state, but to call this a glottal stop in the same sense as the Cockney bu'er, or even the common RP pronunciation of a word like 'button' without a clear enunciation of the 't', seems to me stretching the term too far. Is it suggested that the pronunciation of a word like 'soak' is different in RP from, say, standard American? 109.150.7.193 ( talk) 19:24, 3 January 2016 (UTC)
There is no consonant in the sound sample, let alone glottal plosive. Please correct it. -- How come why not ( talk) 08:21, 13 May 2016 (UTC)
Is there such a thing as a voiced glottal plosive. Other pulmonic plosives have voiced varieties, such as the velar, /k/, voiced, /ɡ/, bilabial, /p/, voiced, /b/, alveolar, /t/, voiced, /d/, uvular, /q/, voiced, /ɢ/, palatal, /c/, voiced, /ɟ/, etc. Pharyngeal (or epiglottal), and glottal seem to be the only voiced pulmonic plosives that don't exist. Or do they? -- How come why not ( talk) 08:41, 13 May 2016 (UTC)
What the heck "Symbolization" is supposed to mean? The three paragraphs of the section speak of various things, none of which seem to fit the meanings of wikt:symbolization. Staszek Lem ( talk) 18:36, 26 September 2017 (UTC)
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Words such as French, inch, bunch, lunch, hunch, bench etc. all need a glottal stop. Without a glottal stop "French" would become "Frensh".
Compare this with the phrase "More dollars than cents", where "cents" and "sense" sound identical due to a lack of a glottal stop in "cents".
Linguists could choose to view this glottal stop as an intrusive consonant whose appearance is defined by rules. However most students of ESL are not linguists, so for ESL purposes this glottal stop needs to be treated as a distinct phoneme.
I have found no reference to this anywhere in my large collection of books about language. Luo Shanlian ( talk) 07:03, 2 February 2019 (UTC)
Yes, this affricate has a stop part. But this stop part ([t]) would be completely meaningless if following an [n]. [n] is a stop, directing the breath through the nose. How does one change a nasal stop into an oral stop when it is followed by an 'sh'. It's not possible, except by inserting something between the [n] and the [t]. You could insert silence, you could insert a vowel, or you could insert a glottal stop. This latter is what English speakers do, but don't look in any Linguistics textbook for it. 210.185.113.143 ( talk) 05:58, 24 August 2020 (UTC)
@ Staszek Lem: Why is the link to Michael Jackson's thriller necessary?
@
Staszek Lem: They are related by mechanism: obstruction of air flow
. If so where in
the article is that explained? What articulatory activity is "vocal hiccup" exactly? And how does it relate to the glottal stop? Most consonants involve "obstruction of air flow".
Nardog (
talk)
17:44, 30 June 2019 (UTC)
he [Buddy Holly] cuts off the sound at the back of the throat, blocking the flow of sound. It related by similarity. I see the similarity and I think it is interesting enough for other readers to look at. This is the purpose of "See also" section. Your view is that of a linguist, while mine is that of an encyclopedia reader. Therefore you are more strict in judging relations between these things. For me they are similar, even if superficially, hence an interesting analogy. Staszek Lem ( talk) 17:57, 30 June 2019 (UTC)
"is transcribed with an apostrophe, ⟨ʼ⟩, which is the source of the IPA character ⟨ʔ⟩." Really? As I can see online, the figure ʔ is that of the Demotic Egyptian script for glottal stop.-- Manfariel ( talk) 00:59, 21 August 2020 (UTC)
ʾ
, e. g. "אֶרֶץ f (ʾéreṣ)", "/ˈʔeres/". This might of course depend on your system font. Since demotic and greek script are related distantly it could be you mean the same thing. The IPA sign was a-signed in living memory so this shouldn't be a matter of guess-work anyhow.
2A00:20:6005:F20A:657A:9ADA:7F68:E7D6 (
talk)
22:55, 12 December 2020 (UTC)I am pretty sure I have seen phrases that form a minimal pair somewhere here in wikipedia. It would be nice to have one in this article. The idea is that the stop should break an unintended meaning from joined up compounds. I am not sure if it has to be actually minimal in the phonemic sense.
Obviously I cannot give an example if I came here to find an example that I cannot remember. 2A00:20:6005:F20A:657A:9ADA:7F68:E7D6 ( talk) 23:14, 12 December 2020 (UTC)
In the list of languages, the entry for Dahalo has no word or pronunciation listed. I don't know Dahalo, so I can't fix it myself.
Milkstran ( talk) 19:27, 15 October 2021 (UTC)
The first wasn't pronounced correct, the second time he did, the third time he didn't. 2001:1970:55E8:7F00:609B:FE9D:97B6:926F ( talk) 22:24, 27 April 2023 (UTC)
Is it a Consonant or Vowel, and is it best represented by "uh-oh" or "uh(-)oh"
Ultradestroya48 ( talk) 22:59, 21 February 2024 (UTC)
I recorded a sound recording where you can clearly hear the glottal stop:
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This page should mention the Danish langauge where the glottal stop is called " stød". But I've read that it can be analysed to be much more than a glottal stop even though this is the way it is most commonly described. Hippietrail 07:58, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)
I would suggest this paper by Tomas Riad for the Danish stød: 2000. The origin of Danish stød. In: Aditi Lahiri (ed.) Analogy, Levelling and Markedness. Principles of change in phonology and morphology. Berlin/New York, Mouton de Gruyter. 261–300. There should be more. -- Per W ( talk) 07:27, 29 October 2018 (UTC)
Is there any relationship at all between the glottal stop and gemination? I'm guessing that there is. — Hippietrail 01:02, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
I deny the existence of the glottal stop, as a sound at least: Show me one that is not merely a schwa or an unaspirated cluster. lysdexia 09:42, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
In Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) the word for denying (No or Not) is "tidak". That "k" at the end of the word is definitely a glottal stop.
In Maltese at least, the glottal stop is a very common sound. It can occur anywhere in a word and is written as the letter q. For example, ghaqda, baqbaq, qrun, moqziez, qanfud, wisq, etc etc. It therefore is unrelated to gemination, but is a sound of its own, since those words would sound very different otherwise. I fail to see any relation to a schwa, and as for the unaspirated cluster, I think some of those example words would counter that claim. -E. Farrugia, 16:39, 29 Nov 2004 (GMT -5)
Hi!
Ther is a very famous personb named "hamza".
Since this page have that namne, its reasonable that it tells lost wiki users how to go to that person. Thats why i added that. Thank you :)
-- Striver 5 July 2005 21:18 (UTC)
-- Striver 5 July 2005 23:25 (UTC)
In Austria nobody would dream of inserting a glottal stop into a word, not even in the main evening news of the public-owned TV channels. "Beeilen" is pronounced with a double vowel (more or less IPA epsilon). Pronouncing one word as if it were two sentences is something the Germans do, and probably not all of them. So I edited that paragraph. David Marjanović david.marjanovic_at_gmx.at 23:22 CET-summertime
Maybe not in "beeilen" but how about "Arbeitsamt"? Wouldn't you make a stop between "arbeits" and "amt"? I only know one native speaker from the Salzkammergut area, he does the glottal stop. But he has been living in Muenchen for quiet a while already. 142.243.254.224 ( talk) 16:49, 1 December 2010 (UTC)Gilbert
From the German section:
This applies to Dutch as well. Of course I don't know if this is also true in all dialects. Shinobu 06:15, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
As far as I know, there is no glottal stop in Japanese. It appears geminates have been confused with glottal stops, or that there is some coarticulation. -- Vuo 13:48, 11 December 2005 (UTC)
Regarding German (my native tongue) again, I'm not sure in which dialect "sehen" would be pronounced with a glottal stop, but it's not something I've ever heard, and I actually find it rather difficult to pronounce it that way when I try, too (even though the glottal stop in "Beamter" and "beeilen" is not a problem for me to pronounce). In fact, I'd say that "sehen" is usually pronounced [ˈzeːən] or even [ˈzeːn]; [ˈzeːhən] would also be possible (although I don't think you'd encounter that in spoken German, at least not where I live; it's more what you'd get if you tried to pronounce the word 100% correctly), but [ˈzeːʔən] doesn't sound like something you'd encounter to me.
Of course, I'm not a linguist, but I do think that "sehen" is not the best example here. It's also possible to pronounce "Beamter" or "beeilen" etc. without a glottal stop, especially when you're talking a bit faster, but at least in those cases, it's clearly there when you take care to pronounce the word correctly. -- Schnee ( cheeks clone) 03:47, 27 January 2006 (UTC)
I've added a {{ citationneeded}} tag to where it says that the glottal stop can be used to separate wovels of different words in Finnish, as it is not the very reason why there is a glottal stop. For example, iso auto and siili yöpyi onkalossa have no glottal stops and still the words are easily distinguishable. I've heard a theory that words with glottal stops have in some point of time lost a final consonant and the glottal stop is a relict of that; in the film Unna ja Nuuk, where the characters spoke ancient Finnish, the word meaning Come! was pronounced /tulek/ as it nowadays is /tuleʔ/. I have no proof for this, though, so I'm leaving it as it is. – Mysid 09:44, 4 May 2006 (UTC)
References
There is no such word as "Hawai`ian". It only exists as a mistake used by people who are ignorant of both English and Hawaiian. See the Hawaiian language talk page for discussions on this point. Hawaiian is an English word, not a Hawaiian word. The English alphabet has 26 letters, none of which is conventionally used to represent a glottal stop in English. Speakers of English in Hawaii often use a glottal stop in pronouncing the word Hawaii, but NOT in pronouncing the word Hawaiian. The word Hawaiian is NEVER published in Hawaii with any symbol representing a glottal stop. It's very irritating to see the error being repeated by Wikipedia users, who supposedly care about getting things right. Agent X 19:46, 20 June 2006 (UTC)
Do your homework. The Pukui-Elbert dictionary is the "Hawaiian Dictionary", NOT the "Hawai`ian Dictionary". I gave a specific citation to that source. Did you check it out? Did you check out the Hawaiian language talk page? The Wikipedia article is on the "Hawaiian language", NOT the "Hawai`ian language". I have lived in Hawaii since before it became a state in 1959. Have you? It IS true that it's NEVER written "Hawai`ian" in Hawaii. And yes, as you said, "articles about Hawaiian topics should conform to that". Just because something is "in use", that alone does NOT make it "acceptable". Hawaiian Creole English is "in use", but the English version of Wikipedia is not written in HCE. The word aint is "in use", but it is not acceptable as correct usage in an English Wikipedia article. Not everything that is "right" is credibly "arguable". Will anyone seriously disagree that one plus two equals three? What is right in Wikipedia is based on (1) what is published, (2) what is the prevailing consensus or majority-held view, and (3) common sense. If you want to challenge my contribution, then you should abide by Wikipedia policy, and check out its merits. Don't just delete a user contribution when you personally lack expertise on the topic. Agent X 20:49, 20 June 2006 (UTC)
:/
--
Ptcamn
00:59, 21 June 2006 (UTC)Ptcamn --- here's the text that you apparently want to "fight" for:
Finally, there are loanwords into English, usually from languages where the glottal stop is a phoneme, where a glottal stop is part of the accepted pronunciation, for example Hawaiʻian ʻaʻa lava.
Here's my edit of that text:
Finally, there are loanwords into English, usually from languages where the glottal stop is a phoneme, where a glottal stop is part of the foreign pronunciation. For example, the Hawaiian word ‘a‘ā is used by geologists to specify lava which is relatively thick, chunky, and rough. The Hawaiian spelling indicates the two glottal stops in the word, but the most widely used English spelling, aa, does not (Pukui and Elbert 1986:2, 389). Loans often retain aspects of their foreign pronunciation until such time as they become fully nativized in the borrowing language.
My goal is to improve the article in these specific ways:
I first wrote "the English spelling". I have updated that to "the most widely used English spelling". The reason for the update is to take care of those cases where someone attempts to show knowledge of Hawaiian spelling, but ends up using a form which is actually a different word in Hawaiian, such as a‘a or ‘a‘a. The first form is missing the initial glottal and the long vowel. The second form is missing the long vowel. So both of those forms are wrong as a Hawaiian word for "lava" in terms of spelling, pronunciation, and meaning. In Hawaiian, a‘a means "vein" (not "rough lava") while ‘a‘a means "challenge" (not "rough lava").
Do you have a valid challenge to point 1, point 2, point 3, or point 4 of my contribution? For each point that you do not challenge, you should not be deleting the contribution. For any point that you do challenge, you need to specify something more substantial than just "it is used" by someone. Because many humans make many mistakes, and many of those mistakes get published. Wikipedia values book usage by recognized authorities far more than internet usage by anonymous individuals or people who are not recognized authorities. You should also admit that dictionaries are not immune to containing errors, or poor choices.
In my copy of the Pukui-Elbert Hawaiian Dictionary, on page 2, for the entry for ‘a‘ā, meaning number 2, the first use of ‘a‘ā is the Hawaiian spelling, but with an error --- the first glottal is missing. The second use is aa, the English spelling. It correctly omits both of the glottal stops, and the macron. It sometimes requires common sense to recognize that a mistake or error has been published. That applies to the American Heritage Dictionary as well.
I looked at the five webpages where you found instances of "Hawai`ian". The 1st focuses on racism, and has racist phrases like "WhitestLawSchools". (It also uses "Hawaiian" more than "Hawai`ian".) The 2nd is a government webpage which has clearly erroneous "facts", such as "forced annexation of Hawaii in 1893", and "Hawaiian was banned from all spheres of life under threat of punishment". It also contains a (dead) link to Mark Warschauer and a live link to this Wikipedia Glottal Stop article. (It also uses "Hawaiian" 45 times, "Hawai`ian" 4 times.) The 3rd is merely a one-paragraph student writing assignment at the U of Minnesota, amounting to a political plug for the Akaka Bill. The 4th is merely a list of links at asiansinamerica.org with stuff like "Reinstated Government of Hawaii" and "Office of Hawaiian Affairs". (Note that it is not the Office of "Hawai`ian" Affairs.) The 5th is merely an isolated course handout, an exercise, prepared by a faculty member at U of N Carolina who clearly lacks experience with the Hawaiian language. (The Hawaiian word for "school" is kula, not kola "sexually excited".) Not one of those sources is authoritative at all.
Bear in mind that there is no personal attack here. Users can challenge one another's contributions. I don't know if you contributed the aa lava bit. But I do know that you deleted my contribution, and you still have not credibly justified your decision to oppose correct Hawaiian spelling as well as correct English spelling. If your position is that everything is acceptable because there's no such thing as a mistake, then that will not fly. If there are no mistakes, then there is never any need for anyone to edit anything. Agent X 23:08, 21 June 2006 (UTC)
I added the stuff about the d, and the history and the word list. Any objections? thanks —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.244.41.155 ( talk • contribs)
I'm dubious about adding so much information without any sourcing. I took out the word list because we don't need so many examples. Ƶ§œš¹ [aɪm ˈfɻɛ̃ⁿdˡi] 22:16, 30 March 2007 (UTC)
That's cool. btw-do u know how to get the character for a syllabic n on here? I know it's the n with a subscript, but they don't even have it on the main page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.244.41.155 ( talk • contribs)
Umm, the Hebrew example doesn't actually have a glottal stop in its IPA. oops. If I knew anything about Hebrew I'd correct this.
How come the word is not self-descriptive? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 87.86.0.10 ( talk) 13:17, August 22, 2007 (UTC)
I believe the Glottal Stop should look like this V Ꮭ Ipafan222 ( talk) 14:25, 2 January 2020 (UTC)
The glottal stop is also very prominent in African American Vernacular English and many American Indian languages, but I can't find that this is mentioned in this article. I think it should be. Badagnani 08:40, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
Which American Indian languages are already mentioned? I didn't see Cherokee on there (the largest tribe by population according to the most recent census). Regarding AAVE, yes, it does, because, with rare exceptions (even many radio and television personalities), the final "d" of words such as "wanted" are glottalized. It's a marker of this dialect. Badagnani 17:32, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
I agree with what Badagnani said about AAVE. I hear it quite often. "D's" at the end of words are at least sometimes glottalized. 208.104.45.20 ( talk) 21:57, 30 December 2007 (UTC)
I know you've heard it before in your life, Ƶ§œš¹. If you haven't, I would be surprised. 208.104.45.20 ( talk) 09:04, 1 January 2008 (UTC)
I don't care if it's moot or not. I just want you to admit that you've heard that pronunciation before in your life. 208.104.45.20 ( talk) 20:24, 1 January 2008 (UTC)
It's even more prominent in Klingon! 107.15.138.28 ( talk) 23:15, 22 September 2013 (UTC)
Chinese Hokkien also has it. Someone please add it Yoshiciv ( talk) 09:27, 8 June 2017 (UTC)
Do glottal stops happen in General American at the end of words like "night", "lot ", and "wrote"? I have noticed that the t's in these words aren't pronounced the same as the one in "hotel". Thanks. 208.104.45.20 ( talk) 21:47, 23 December 2007 (UTC)
Thanks so much. I know what you mean. I, as a speaker of General American, can't tell the difference between the "sound" I make at the end of the word "night" and the sound a speaker of the Cockney dialect makes at the end of the same word. The Cockney sound is supposed to be a glottal stop, but I did not know American English had that sound. In fact, I read an article (seemingly a reliable one) that said American English does not have glottal stops. Whatever the sound is in words like "gotten" and "written" in my idiolect, it also sounds similar to a glottal stop. I'm welcome to any other thoughts on this matter. 208.104.45.20 ( talk) 03:59, 24 December 2007 (UTC)
It seems to me that there can be no distinction between a word-initial vowel and a word-inital glottal stop followed by a vowel. Is there, for instance, a difference between /əʔoʊ/ and /ʔəʔoʊ/? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rdr0 ( talk • contribs) 21:17, 10 April 2008 (UTC)
Surely it's nonsense to say "It is only found marginally in English" when the glottal stop is such a major feature of city dialects in England? And I'm sure it's equally common in 'Straiyan (aka ' Strine as in 'Strine chicks...). Macdonald-ross ( talk) 07:09, 9 May 2009 (UTC)
In Low Saxon dialect parts of the Netherlands (north/east) and Germany (north), Glottal Stops occur more often. The Glotal stop is used for more or less difficult consonants in words like weten (knowing) wee'n, (cooking) koken becomes koo'n, etc. 82.75.214.253 ( talk) 22:14, 9 October 2009 (UTC)
We have [kʰɛ̝ʔ] for Cockney and [kʰæʔt] for General American - shouldn't these be the other way round? Lfh ( talk) 15:09, 14 November 2009 (UTC)
In the occurences table, Japanese seems to be missing. Is the small "tsu" not an indicator of a glottal stop in Japanese? K3fka ( talk) 01:22, 2 December 2009 (UTC)
In "RP", "button" is NEVER pronounced with a glottal stop. I didn't think it was in General American either, but I'm not really experienced in that field. Someone is apparently mixing up cockney with RP.-- 86.176.85.90 ( talk) 22:12, 23 December 2009 (UTC)
I have a question about the symbol for "syllabic" n in "bɐʔn̩". Can a phoneme expert start an article for the correct symbol for this n sound after glottal stops, such as mountain, Clinton, certain, etc.? I thought it was a nasal n. DBlomgren ( talk) 19:16, 6 June 2017 (UTC)
I have a suspicion that the feature of spanish language which calls for obligatory e at the beginning of words starting with 'sp' and 'sk' (like in 'escuela' for 'school', 'español' for 'spanish') was developed under Arabic influence during Arabic rule of Spain. For example, if you listen to the song " Speedy Gonzales" sung in Spanish by Kumbia All Starz, you will hear a glottal stop ['espeedy gonzales] (best heard at about 2:08 in the video, not obstructed by music). Did anynone hear anything in this respect? Mukadderat ( talk) 16:41, 10 February 2010 (UTC)
Could someone write an article section about the distinction of phonemic vs. non-phonemic glottal stop discussed in #Word-initial glottal stop above and in article Hamza (hamzatu l-qatʻ vs. hamzatu l-waṣl)? Mukadderat ( talk) 16:51, 10 February 2010 (UTC)
Actually two phenomena are described here without emphasizing the difference. One is the solitary glottal stop, the closure of the glottis as e.g. in GA "cat" before the "t", which is, as a consequence not audible. The other being the crack sound occurring with the opening of the glottis "under pressure" after its closure, as in RP "button" before the "n".
BTW, neither of them occurs in German "Verwaltung".
-- Felix Tritschler ( talk) 17:13, 16 September 2010 (UTC)
May I say that as a former resident of Renfrewshire and now a current resident of Perthshire, glottal stops are extremely common in modern Scottish speech, mostly representing the word T. The most common word in this style is "that" (from what I can hear at least), or similar sounding words such as "hat". I have noticed that Scots words like "bitty" up here are also pronounced with a glottal stop, as well as "tatties" and "banter" and so on and so forth.
A list I have compiled is as follows:
That, Hat, Banter, Canter, Tatties (for both Ts), Bitty (for both Ts), What, Scotland, Scots, Pit (as well as names like Pitlochry), Bent, Burnt, Shut
The list goes on.
In each of these, the T is a glottal stop.
I hope this is useful information.
-- Venerable John ( talk) 19:10, 28 June 2011 (UTC)
Pretty much all final Ts, I think 109.149.92.81 ( talk) 13:33, 27 April 2017 (UTC)
It appears to me the glottal stop used whenever a vowel is pronounced "by itself", like in the words eye, a or in. In the article, it's claimed that one appears halfway in the phrase "uh-oh". However I can't personally detect any difference in beginnings of the pronunciations of the of the "uh" and the "oh", perhaps someone can convince me otherwise? Woscafrench ( talk) 21:07, 1 December 2011 (UTC)
I simply do not understand this sentence: "There are intricate interactions between falling tone and the glottal stop in the histories of such languages as Danish (cf. stød), Chinese and Thai." I do not think this applies to neither the Danish "Stød" or instances of glottal stop in the Danish language. The "stød" is, according to the analysis I know, a purely syllabic feature. Maybe from some diachronic perspective the sentence makes sense, but this should be calirfied. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.105.37.95 ( talk) 22:33, 24 January 2012 (UTC)
"German: Beamter, Verwaltung"
Yeah, good job on reinforcing stupid stereotypes ... in an article about glottal stops, goddangit. -- 89.244.89.99 ( talk) 21:06, 12 August 2012 (UTC)
Glottal stops are used in the Klingon language, so why isn't Klingon listed as using them? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 107.15.138.28 ( talk) 23:13, 22 September 2013 (UTC)
The term #could# contain what it describes (glo'al stop) but does not. Jackiespeel ( talk) 16:34, 13 January 2014 (UTC)
The Barbagia of Ollolai
In the Sardinian language it is present in the dialect of nine countries: Ollolai, Fonni, Orgosolo, Mamoiada, Olzai, Ovodda, Gavoi, Lodine and Oliena, constituents the Barbagia of Ollolai in Province of Nuoro. In handwriting Sardinian denoted by the letter Q. Ex. Piqe [Piʔɛ], isqire [izʔirɛ], qonnosqer [ʔɔnnɔsʔɛr], paqe [paʔɛ], than the dialect logudorese central pike, iskire, connosker, pake. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.16.80.131 ( talk) 13:22, 6 June 2015 (UTC)
It needs cleaning. I suggest a more objective format and parameters:
I am making two easy changes to begin:
Seraphimek ( talk) 21:36, 4 September 2015 (UTC)
@ Erutuon: Appreciate the thoughts. I will take these as general suggestions to a Linguistics talk page. Whatever the particulars, I think we can do much better to present more succinct, more consistent, more informative tables of phonetic data by-language. Seraphimek ( talk) 22:08, 13 May 2016 (UTC)Seraphimek
As a more-or-less RP speaker, I'm baffled by the claim that 'In Received Pronunciation, a glottal stop is inserted before a tautosyllabic voiceless stop, e.g. sto’p, tha’t, kno’ck, wa’tch, also lea’p, soa’k, hel’p, pin’ch'. I can't access the cited source for this claim, but I wonder if it is accepted by any other authorities? I suppose that as a matter of physiology there must be some break point at which the larynx changes from a voiced to a voiceless state, but to call this a glottal stop in the same sense as the Cockney bu'er, or even the common RP pronunciation of a word like 'button' without a clear enunciation of the 't', seems to me stretching the term too far. Is it suggested that the pronunciation of a word like 'soak' is different in RP from, say, standard American? 109.150.7.193 ( talk) 19:24, 3 January 2016 (UTC)
There is no consonant in the sound sample, let alone glottal plosive. Please correct it. -- How come why not ( talk) 08:21, 13 May 2016 (UTC)
Is there such a thing as a voiced glottal plosive. Other pulmonic plosives have voiced varieties, such as the velar, /k/, voiced, /ɡ/, bilabial, /p/, voiced, /b/, alveolar, /t/, voiced, /d/, uvular, /q/, voiced, /ɢ/, palatal, /c/, voiced, /ɟ/, etc. Pharyngeal (or epiglottal), and glottal seem to be the only voiced pulmonic plosives that don't exist. Or do they? -- How come why not ( talk) 08:41, 13 May 2016 (UTC)
What the heck "Symbolization" is supposed to mean? The three paragraphs of the section speak of various things, none of which seem to fit the meanings of wikt:symbolization. Staszek Lem ( talk) 18:36, 26 September 2017 (UTC)
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Words such as French, inch, bunch, lunch, hunch, bench etc. all need a glottal stop. Without a glottal stop "French" would become "Frensh".
Compare this with the phrase "More dollars than cents", where "cents" and "sense" sound identical due to a lack of a glottal stop in "cents".
Linguists could choose to view this glottal stop as an intrusive consonant whose appearance is defined by rules. However most students of ESL are not linguists, so for ESL purposes this glottal stop needs to be treated as a distinct phoneme.
I have found no reference to this anywhere in my large collection of books about language. Luo Shanlian ( talk) 07:03, 2 February 2019 (UTC)
Yes, this affricate has a stop part. But this stop part ([t]) would be completely meaningless if following an [n]. [n] is a stop, directing the breath through the nose. How does one change a nasal stop into an oral stop when it is followed by an 'sh'. It's not possible, except by inserting something between the [n] and the [t]. You could insert silence, you could insert a vowel, or you could insert a glottal stop. This latter is what English speakers do, but don't look in any Linguistics textbook for it. 210.185.113.143 ( talk) 05:58, 24 August 2020 (UTC)
@ Staszek Lem: Why is the link to Michael Jackson's thriller necessary?
@
Staszek Lem: They are related by mechanism: obstruction of air flow
. If so where in
the article is that explained? What articulatory activity is "vocal hiccup" exactly? And how does it relate to the glottal stop? Most consonants involve "obstruction of air flow".
Nardog (
talk)
17:44, 30 June 2019 (UTC)
he [Buddy Holly] cuts off the sound at the back of the throat, blocking the flow of sound. It related by similarity. I see the similarity and I think it is interesting enough for other readers to look at. This is the purpose of "See also" section. Your view is that of a linguist, while mine is that of an encyclopedia reader. Therefore you are more strict in judging relations between these things. For me they are similar, even if superficially, hence an interesting analogy. Staszek Lem ( talk) 17:57, 30 June 2019 (UTC)
"is transcribed with an apostrophe, ⟨ʼ⟩, which is the source of the IPA character ⟨ʔ⟩." Really? As I can see online, the figure ʔ is that of the Demotic Egyptian script for glottal stop.-- Manfariel ( talk) 00:59, 21 August 2020 (UTC)
ʾ
, e. g. "אֶרֶץ f (ʾéreṣ)", "/ˈʔeres/". This might of course depend on your system font. Since demotic and greek script are related distantly it could be you mean the same thing. The IPA sign was a-signed in living memory so this shouldn't be a matter of guess-work anyhow.
2A00:20:6005:F20A:657A:9ADA:7F68:E7D6 (
talk)
22:55, 12 December 2020 (UTC)I am pretty sure I have seen phrases that form a minimal pair somewhere here in wikipedia. It would be nice to have one in this article. The idea is that the stop should break an unintended meaning from joined up compounds. I am not sure if it has to be actually minimal in the phonemic sense.
Obviously I cannot give an example if I came here to find an example that I cannot remember. 2A00:20:6005:F20A:657A:9ADA:7F68:E7D6 ( talk) 23:14, 12 December 2020 (UTC)
In the list of languages, the entry for Dahalo has no word or pronunciation listed. I don't know Dahalo, so I can't fix it myself.
Milkstran ( talk) 19:27, 15 October 2021 (UTC)
The first wasn't pronounced correct, the second time he did, the third time he didn't. 2001:1970:55E8:7F00:609B:FE9D:97B6:926F ( talk) 22:24, 27 April 2023 (UTC)
Is it a Consonant or Vowel, and is it best represented by "uh-oh" or "uh(-)oh"
Ultradestroya48 ( talk) 22:59, 21 February 2024 (UTC)
I recorded a sound recording where you can clearly hear the glottal stop: