The Phonetic Symbol Guide is a book by Geoffrey Pullum and William Ladusaw that explains the histories and uses of the symbols of various phonetic transcription conventions. It was published in 1986, with a second edition in 1996, by the University of Chicago Press. Symbols include letters and diacritics of the International Phonetic Alphabet and Americanist phonetic notation, though not of the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet. The Guide was consulted by the International Phonetic Association when they established names and numerical codes for the International Phonetic Alphabet [1] and was the basis for the characters of the TIPA set of phonetic fonts.
The symbols included in the 2nd edition of the Guide are as follows. A number were adopted into Unicode 14 and 15 and have been available in SIL fonts since February 2023. Those not found in Unicode are marked with an asterisk.
Not all Unicode support is direct. Some typewriter substitutions made by overstriking a Latin letter with a virgule require composite encoding:
Similarly ⟨ꭥ̶⟩, an unused proposal to replace Americanist ⟨ꭥ̇⟩.
The 'baby gamma' variant of the vowel letter ⟨ɤ⟩ is available as a character variant in fonts such as Gentium and Andika.
Several other symbols are graphic variants of Unicode characters:
A couple are more distinct graphically, but without a corresponding semantic distinction:
The following are not supported by Unicode as of version 15. [2]
Some of the symbols are idiosyncratic proposals by well-known scholars that never caught on:
A couple symbols were mentioned in the 1949 Principles of the International Phonetic Association as recent suggestions for further improvement and were never adopted:
The majority of the non-Unicode symbols were proposed by George Trager to improve the Bloch & Trager system of vowel transcription and other conventions of Americanist notation, but were never adopted:
A couple have seen use in Slavic sources:
The Phonetic Symbol Guide is a book by Geoffrey Pullum and William Ladusaw that explains the histories and uses of the symbols of various phonetic transcription conventions. It was published in 1986, with a second edition in 1996, by the University of Chicago Press. Symbols include letters and diacritics of the International Phonetic Alphabet and Americanist phonetic notation, though not of the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet. The Guide was consulted by the International Phonetic Association when they established names and numerical codes for the International Phonetic Alphabet [1] and was the basis for the characters of the TIPA set of phonetic fonts.
The symbols included in the 2nd edition of the Guide are as follows. A number were adopted into Unicode 14 and 15 and have been available in SIL fonts since February 2023. Those not found in Unicode are marked with an asterisk.
Not all Unicode support is direct. Some typewriter substitutions made by overstriking a Latin letter with a virgule require composite encoding:
Similarly ⟨ꭥ̶⟩, an unused proposal to replace Americanist ⟨ꭥ̇⟩.
The 'baby gamma' variant of the vowel letter ⟨ɤ⟩ is available as a character variant in fonts such as Gentium and Andika.
Several other symbols are graphic variants of Unicode characters:
A couple are more distinct graphically, but without a corresponding semantic distinction:
The following are not supported by Unicode as of version 15. [2]
Some of the symbols are idiosyncratic proposals by well-known scholars that never caught on:
A couple symbols were mentioned in the 1949 Principles of the International Phonetic Association as recent suggestions for further improvement and were never adopted:
The majority of the non-Unicode symbols were proposed by George Trager to improve the Bloch & Trager system of vowel transcription and other conventions of Americanist notation, but were never adopted:
A couple have seen use in Slavic sources: